Dépouillements

Assessing Planning and Set-Shifting Abilities in Autism: Are Experimenter-Administered and Computerised Versions of Tasks Equivalent? / Christopher JARROLD in Autism Research, 6-6 (December 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 6-6 (December 2013) . - p.461-467 Titre : Assessing Planning and Set-Shifting Abilities in Autism: Are Experimenter-Administered and Computerised Versions of Tasks Equivalent? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Christopher JARROLD, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : p.461-467 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  executive functioning  planning  set-shifting  Wisconsin Card Sorting Test  Tower of London task Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Across studies, analysis of performance on classic measures of executive functioning (EF) among individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) suggests that people with this disorder may be impaired only when tasks are experimenter-administered, but not when the same tasks are computer-administered. This would imply that the underlying cause of apparent executive dysfunction in ASD is a diminished ability to engage with another person/comprehend what another person expects, rather than a diminution of the control processes that typically underpin EF task performance. However, this suggestion is limited because, to our knowledge, no study has directly compared the equivalence of computer-administered and standard experimenter-administered versions of EF tasks that have been presented in counterbalanced order among a common sample of individuals with ASD. In the current study, 21 children with ASD and 22 age- and intelligence quotient (IQ)-matched comparison participants completed, in counterbalanced order, computerised and manual versions of both a planning task and a cognitive flexibility/set-shifting task. Contrary to expectation, results indicated that participants with ASD were equally impaired in terms of the key dependent variable on standard and computerised versions of both tasks. Practically, these results suggest that computer-administered and experimenter-administered versions of planning and set-shifting tasks are equivalent among individuals with ASD and can be used interchangeably in studies of EF among this population. Theoretically, these results challenge the notion that poor performance on EF tasks among school-aged children with ASD is only the result of a limited ability to engage with a human experimenter/comprehend socially presented rules. AU - WILLIAMS, David En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1311 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=221 [article] Assessing Planning and Set-Shifting Abilities in Autism: Are Experimenter-Administered and Computerised Versions of Tasks Equivalent? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Christopher JARROLD, Auteur . - 2013 . - p.461-467. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 6-6 (December 2013) . - p.461-467 Mots-clés : autism  executive functioning  planning  set-shifting  Wisconsin Card Sorting Test  Tower of London task Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Across studies, analysis of performance on classic measures of executive functioning (EF) among individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) suggests that people with this disorder may be impaired only when tasks are experimenter-administered, but not when the same tasks are computer-administered. This would imply that the underlying cause of apparent executive dysfunction in ASD is a diminished ability to engage with another person/comprehend what another person expects, rather than a diminution of the control processes that typically underpin EF task performance. However, this suggestion is limited because, to our knowledge, no study has directly compared the equivalence of computer-administered and standard experimenter-administered versions of EF tasks that have been presented in counterbalanced order among a common sample of individuals with ASD. In the current study, 21 children with ASD and 22 age- and intelligence quotient (IQ)-matched comparison participants completed, in counterbalanced order, computerised and manual versions of both a planning task and a cognitive flexibility/set-shifting task. Contrary to expectation, results indicated that participants with ASD were equally impaired in terms of the key dependent variable on standard and computerised versions of both tasks. Practically, these results suggest that computer-administered and experimenter-administered versions of planning and set-shifting tasks are equivalent among individuals with ASD and can be used interchangeably in studies of EF among this population. Theoretically, these results challenge the notion that poor performance on EF tasks among school-aged children with ASD is only the result of a limited ability to engage with a human experimenter/comprehend socially presented rules. AU - WILLIAMS, David En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1311 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=221

Minimally Verbal School-Aged Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Neglected End of the Spectrum / Helen TAGER-FLUSBERG in Autism Research, 6-6 (December 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 6-6 (December 2013) . - p.468-478 Titre : Minimally Verbal School-Aged Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Neglected End of the Spectrum Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Helen TAGER-FLUSBERG, Auteur ; Connie KASARI, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : p.468-478 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : behavioral intervention intervention  early intervention intervention  school age pediatrics  spoken language  minimally verbal ASD  alternative and augmentative communication  eye-tracking Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : It is currently estimated that about 30% of children with autism spectrum disorder remain minimally verbal, even after receiving years of interventions and a range of educational opportunities. Very little is known about the individuals at this end of the autism spectrum, in part because this is a highly variable population with no single set of defining characteristics or patterns of skills or deficits, and in part because it is extremely challenging to provide reliable or valid assessments of their developmental functioning. In this paper, we summarize current knowledge based on research including minimally verbal children. We review promising new novel methods for assessing the verbal and nonverbal abilities of minimally verbal school-aged children, including eye-tracking and brain-imaging methods that do not require overt responses. We then review what is known about interventions that may be effective in improving language and communication skills, including discussion of both nonaugmentative and augmentative methods. In the final section of the paper, we discuss the gaps in the literature and needs for future research. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1329 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=221 [article] Minimally Verbal School-Aged Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Neglected End of the Spectrum [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Helen TAGER-FLUSBERG, Auteur ; Connie KASARI, Auteur . - 2013 . - p.468-478. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 6-6 (December 2013) . - p.468-478 Mots-clés : behavioral intervention intervention  early intervention intervention  school age pediatrics  spoken language  minimally verbal ASD  alternative and augmentative communication  eye-tracking Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : It is currently estimated that about 30% of children with autism spectrum disorder remain minimally verbal, even after receiving years of interventions and a range of educational opportunities. Very little is known about the individuals at this end of the autism spectrum, in part because this is a highly variable population with no single set of defining characteristics or patterns of skills or deficits, and in part because it is extremely challenging to provide reliable or valid assessments of their developmental functioning. In this paper, we summarize current knowledge based on research including minimally verbal children. We review promising new novel methods for assessing the verbal and nonverbal abilities of minimally verbal school-aged children, including eye-tracking and brain-imaging methods that do not require overt responses. We then review what is known about interventions that may be effective in improving language and communication skills, including discussion of both nonaugmentative and augmentative methods. In the final section of the paper, we discuss the gaps in the literature and needs for future research. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1329 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=221

Assessing the Minimally Verbal School-Aged Child With Autism Spectrum Disorder / Connie KASARI in Autism Research, 6-6 (December 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 6-6 (December 2013) . - p.479-493 Titre : Assessing the Minimally Verbal School-Aged Child With Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Connie KASARI, Auteur ; Nancy C. BRADY, Auteur ; Catherine LORD, Auteur ; Helen TAGER-FLUSBERG, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : p.479-493 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : minimally verbal  school-aged children  assessment  communication Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This paper addresses the issue of assessing communication, language, and associated cognitive and behavioral abilities of minimally verbal children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), presenting a summary of a year-long series of meetings held by a group of experts in the field of ASD and National Institutes of Health staff. In this paper, our goals were to first define the population and then present general guidelines for optimizing assessment sessions for this challenging population. We then summarize the available measures that can be used across a variety of behavioral domains that are most directly relevant to developing language skills, including oral motor skills, vocal repertoire, receptive and expressive language, imitation, intentional communication, play, social behavior, repetitive and sensory behaviors, and nonverbal cognition. We conclude with a discussion of some of the limitations in the available measures and highlight recommendations for future research in this area. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1334 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=221 [article] Assessing the Minimally Verbal School-Aged Child With Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Connie KASARI, Auteur ; Nancy C. BRADY, Auteur ; Catherine LORD, Auteur ; Helen TAGER-FLUSBERG, Auteur . - 2013 . - p.479-493. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 6-6 (December 2013) . - p.479-493 Mots-clés : minimally verbal  school-aged children  assessment  communication Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This paper addresses the issue of assessing communication, language, and associated cognitive and behavioral abilities of minimally verbal children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), presenting a summary of a year-long series of meetings held by a group of experts in the field of ASD and National Institutes of Health staff. In this paper, our goals were to first define the population and then present general guidelines for optimizing assessment sessions for this challenging population. We then summarize the available measures that can be used across a variety of behavioral domains that are most directly relevant to developing language skills, including oral motor skills, vocal repertoire, receptive and expressive language, imitation, intentional communication, play, social behavior, repetitive and sensory behaviors, and nonverbal cognition. We conclude with a discussion of some of the limitations in the available measures and highlight recommendations for future research in this area. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1334 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=221

Reward-Based Decision Making and Electrodermal Responding by Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders during a Gambling Task / Susan FAJA in Autism Research, 6-6 (December 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 6-6 (December 2013) . - p.494-505 Titre : Reward-Based Decision Making and Electrodermal Responding by Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders during a Gambling Task Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Susan FAJA, Auteur ; Michael MURIAS, Auteur ; Theodore P. BEAUCHAINE, Auteur ; Geraldine DAWSON, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : p.494-505 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  reward  executive function  decision making  repetitive behavior  internalizing  electrodermal response Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In this study, we explore reward-based decision making and electrodermal responding (EDR) among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) during a children's gambling task. In addition, we examine whether individual behavioral and EDR responses predict social communication, repetitive symptoms, parent reports of executive function, and behavioral challenges. The ability to form advantageous strategies for long-term gain is of interest for children with ASD, who exhibit both difficulty with executive function and atypical responses to reward. Twenty-one children ages 6–7 years with ASD and no intellectual disability, and 21 age- and IQ-matched typically developing children participated. Both groups exhibited a similar pattern of gambling selections, but children with ASD showed less knowledge of the reward contingencies of the decks after playing. In addition, although EDR was similar between groups in anticipation of selections, children with ASD exhibited greater EDR during feedback about rewards as the task progressed. Children with ASD who exhibited the greatest increases in EDR were more likely to exhibit repetitive symptoms, particularly rituals and the need for sameness, as well as internalizing behaviors and reduced executive function in other settings. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1307 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=221 [article] Reward-Based Decision Making and Electrodermal Responding by Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders during a Gambling Task [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Susan FAJA, Auteur ; Michael MURIAS, Auteur ; Theodore P. BEAUCHAINE, Auteur ; Geraldine DAWSON, Auteur . - 2013 . - p.494-505. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 6-6 (December 2013) . - p.494-505 Mots-clés : autism  reward  executive function  decision making  repetitive behavior  internalizing  electrodermal response Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In this study, we explore reward-based decision making and electrodermal responding (EDR) among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) during a children's gambling task. In addition, we examine whether individual behavioral and EDR responses predict social communication, repetitive symptoms, parent reports of executive function, and behavioral challenges. The ability to form advantageous strategies for long-term gain is of interest for children with ASD, who exhibit both difficulty with executive function and atypical responses to reward. Twenty-one children ages 6–7 years with ASD and no intellectual disability, and 21 age- and IQ-matched typically developing children participated. Both groups exhibited a similar pattern of gambling selections, but children with ASD showed less knowledge of the reward contingencies of the decks after playing. In addition, although EDR was similar between groups in anticipation of selections, children with ASD exhibited greater EDR during feedback about rewards as the task progressed. Children with ASD who exhibited the greatest increases in EDR were more likely to exhibit repetitive symptoms, particularly rituals and the need for sameness, as well as internalizing behaviors and reduced executive function in other settings. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1307 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=221

Evidence for Gender-Specific Endophenotypes in High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder During Empathy / Karla SCHNEIDER in Autism Research, 6-6 (December 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 6-6 (December 2013) . - p.506-521 Titre : Evidence for Gender-Specific Endophenotypes in High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder During Empathy Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Karla SCHNEIDER, Auteur ; Christina REGENBOGEN, Auteur ; Katharina D. PAULY, Auteur ; Anna GOSSEN, Auteur ; Daniel A. SCHNEIDER, Auteur ; Lea MEVISSEN, Auteur ; Tanja M. MICHEL, Auteur ; Ruben C. GUR, Auteur ; Ute HABEL, Auteur ; Frank SCHNEIDER, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : p.506-521 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  empathy  gender differences  fMRI  social interactions Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Despite remarkable behavioral gender differences in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and growing evidence for a diminished male?:?female ratio for the putative “male disorder” ASD, aspects of gender are not addressed accordingly in ASD research. Our study aims at filling this gap by exploring empathy abilities in a group of 28 patients with high-functioning ASD and 28 gender-, age- and education-matched non-autistic subjects, for the first time by means of functional neuroimaging (fMRI). In an event-related fMRI paradigm, emotional (“E”) and neutral (“N”) video clips presented actors telling self-related short stories. After each clip, participants were asked to indicate their own emotion and its intensity as well as the emotion and intensity perceived for the actor. Behaviorally, we found significantly less empathic responses in the overall ASD group compared with non-autistic subjects, and inadequate emotion recognition for the neutral clips in the female ASD group compared with healthy women. Neurally, increased activation of the bilateral medial frontal gyrus was found in male patients compared with female patients, a pattern which was not present in the non-autistic group. Additionally, autistic women exhibited decreased activation of midbrain and limbic regions compared with non-autistic women, whereas there was no significant difference within the male group. While we did not find a fundamental empathic deficit in autistic patients, our data propose different ways of processing empathy in autistic men and women, suggesting stronger impairments in cognitive aspects of empathy/theory of mind for men, and alterations of social reciprocity for women. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1310 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=221 [article] Evidence for Gender-Specific Endophenotypes in High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder During Empathy [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Karla SCHNEIDER, Auteur ; Christina REGENBOGEN, Auteur ; Katharina D. PAULY, Auteur ; Anna GOSSEN, Auteur ; Daniel A. SCHNEIDER, Auteur ; Lea MEVISSEN, Auteur ; Tanja M. MICHEL, Auteur ; Ruben C. GUR, Auteur ; Ute HABEL, Auteur ; Frank SCHNEIDER, Auteur . - 2013 . - p.506-521. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 6-6 (December 2013) . - p.506-521 Mots-clés : autism  empathy  gender differences  fMRI  social interactions Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Despite remarkable behavioral gender differences in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and growing evidence for a diminished male?:?female ratio for the putative “male disorder” ASD, aspects of gender are not addressed accordingly in ASD research. Our study aims at filling this gap by exploring empathy abilities in a group of 28 patients with high-functioning ASD and 28 gender-, age- and education-matched non-autistic subjects, for the first time by means of functional neuroimaging (fMRI). In an event-related fMRI paradigm, emotional (“E”) and neutral (“N”) video clips presented actors telling self-related short stories. After each clip, participants were asked to indicate their own emotion and its intensity as well as the emotion and intensity perceived for the actor. Behaviorally, we found significantly less empathic responses in the overall ASD group compared with non-autistic subjects, and inadequate emotion recognition for the neutral clips in the female ASD group compared with healthy women. Neurally, increased activation of the bilateral medial frontal gyrus was found in male patients compared with female patients, a pattern which was not present in the non-autistic group. Additionally, autistic women exhibited decreased activation of midbrain and limbic regions compared with non-autistic women, whereas there was no significant difference within the male group. While we did not find a fundamental empathic deficit in autistic patients, our data propose different ways of processing empathy in autistic men and women, suggesting stronger impairments in cognitive aspects of empathy/theory of mind for men, and alterations of social reciprocity for women. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1310 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=221

A Specific Deficit of Imitation in Autism Spectrum Disorder / Hannah J. STEWART in Autism Research, 6-6 (December 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 6-6 (December 2013) . - p.522-530 Titre : A Specific Deficit of Imitation in Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Hannah J. STEWART, Auteur ; Rob D. MCINTOSH, Auteur ; Justin H.G. WILLIAMS, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : p.522-530 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : social cognition  clinical psychology  cognitive neuroscience  developmental psychology  psychopathology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Imitation is a potentially crucial aspect of social cognitive development. Although deficits in imitation ability have been widely demonstrated in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the specificity and significance of the findings is unclear, due largely to methodological limitations. We developed a novel assessment of imitation ability, using objective movement parameters (path length and action duration) derived from a touch-sensitive tablet laptop during drawing actions on an identical tablet. By direct comparison of the kinematics of a model's actions with those of the participant who observed them, measures of imitation accuracy were obtained. By replaying the end-point of the movement as a spot on the screen, imitation accuracy was compared against a “ghost control” condition, with no human actor but only the end-point of the movement seen [object movement reenactment (OMR)]. Hence, demands of the control task were closely matched to the experimental task with respect to motor, memory, and attentional abilities. Adolescents with ASD showed poorer accuracy for copying object size and action duration on both the imitation and OMR tasks, but were significantly more impaired for imitation of object size. Our results provide evidence that some of the imitation deficit in ASD is specific to a self-other mapping problem, and cannot be explained by general factors such as memory, spatial reasoning, motor control, or attention, nor related to the social demands of the testing situation. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1312 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=221 [article] A Specific Deficit of Imitation in Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Hannah J. STEWART, Auteur ; Rob D. MCINTOSH, Auteur ; Justin H.G. WILLIAMS, Auteur . - 2013 . - p.522-530. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 6-6 (December 2013) . - p.522-530 Mots-clés : social cognition  clinical psychology  cognitive neuroscience  developmental psychology  psychopathology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Imitation is a potentially crucial aspect of social cognitive development. Although deficits in imitation ability have been widely demonstrated in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the specificity and significance of the findings is unclear, due largely to methodological limitations. We developed a novel assessment of imitation ability, using objective movement parameters (path length and action duration) derived from a touch-sensitive tablet laptop during drawing actions on an identical tablet. By direct comparison of the kinematics of a model's actions with those of the participant who observed them, measures of imitation accuracy were obtained. By replaying the end-point of the movement as a spot on the screen, imitation accuracy was compared against a “ghost control” condition, with no human actor but only the end-point of the movement seen [object movement reenactment (OMR)]. Hence, demands of the control task were closely matched to the experimental task with respect to motor, memory, and attentional abilities. Adolescents with ASD showed poorer accuracy for copying object size and action duration on both the imitation and OMR tasks, but were significantly more impaired for imitation of object size. Our results provide evidence that some of the imitation deficit in ASD is specific to a self-other mapping problem, and cannot be explained by general factors such as memory, spatial reasoning, motor control, or attention, nor related to the social demands of the testing situation. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1312 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=221

Processing Slow and Fast Motion in Children With Autism Spectrum Conditions / Catherine MANNING in Autism Research, 6-6 (December 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 6-6 (December 2013) . - p.531-541 Titre : Processing Slow and Fast Motion in Children With Autism Spectrum Conditions Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Catherine MANNING, Auteur ; Tony CHARMAN, Auteur ; Elizabeth PELLICANO, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : p.531-541 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  speed discrimination  motion coherence  visual motion processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Consistent with the dorsal stream hypothesis, difficulties processing dynamic information have previously been reported in individuals with autism spectrum conditions (ASC). However, no research has systematically compared motion processing abilities for slow and fast speeds. Here, we measured speed discrimination thresholds and motion coherence thresholds in slow (1.5?deg/sec) and fast (6?deg/sec) speed conditions in children with an ASC aged 7 to 14 years, and age- and ability-matched typically developing children. Unexpectedly, children with ASC were as sensitive as typically developing children to differences in speed at both slow and fast reference speeds. Yet, elevated motion coherence thresholds were found in children with ASC, but in the slow stimulus speed condition only. Rather than having pervasive difficulties in motion processing, as predicted by the dorsal stream hypothesis, these results suggest that children with ASC have a selective difficulty in extracting coherent motion information specifically at slow speeds. Understanding the effects of stimulus parameters such as stimulus speed will be important for resolving discrepancies between previous studies examining motion coherence thresholds in ASC and also for refining theoretical models of altered autistic perception. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1309 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=221 [article] Processing Slow and Fast Motion in Children With Autism Spectrum Conditions [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Catherine MANNING, Auteur ; Tony CHARMAN, Auteur ; Elizabeth PELLICANO, Auteur . - 2013 . - p.531-541. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 6-6 (December 2013) . - p.531-541 Mots-clés : autism  speed discrimination  motion coherence  visual motion processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Consistent with the dorsal stream hypothesis, difficulties processing dynamic information have previously been reported in individuals with autism spectrum conditions (ASC). However, no research has systematically compared motion processing abilities for slow and fast speeds. Here, we measured speed discrimination thresholds and motion coherence thresholds in slow (1.5?deg/sec) and fast (6?deg/sec) speed conditions in children with an ASC aged 7 to 14 years, and age- and ability-matched typically developing children. Unexpectedly, children with ASC were as sensitive as typically developing children to differences in speed at both slow and fast reference speeds. Yet, elevated motion coherence thresholds were found in children with ASC, but in the slow stimulus speed condition only. Rather than having pervasive difficulties in motion processing, as predicted by the dorsal stream hypothesis, these results suggest that children with ASC have a selective difficulty in extracting coherent motion information specifically at slow speeds. Understanding the effects of stimulus parameters such as stimulus speed will be important for resolving discrepancies between previous studies examining motion coherence thresholds in ASC and also for refining theoretical models of altered autistic perception. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1309 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=221

Interaction of Finger Representations in the Cortex of Individuals with Autism: A Functional Window into Cortical Inhibition / Mehmet Akif COSKUN in Autism Research, 6-6 (December 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 6-6 (December 2013) . - p.542-549 Titre : Interaction of Finger Representations in the Cortex of Individuals with Autism: A Functional Window into Cortical Inhibition Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Mehmet Akif COSKUN, Auteur ; Katherine A. LOVELAND, Auteur ; Deborah A. PEARSON, Auteur ; Andrew C. PAPANICOLAOU, Auteur ; Bhavin R. SHETH, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : p.542-549 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : evoked potentials  homeostasis  somatosensory cortex  cortical interaction  finger representation  source modeling  tactile Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : An established neural biomarker of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has the potential to provide novel biological and pharmacological targets for treatment. Lower level of inhibition in brain circuits is a leading biomarker candidate. A physiological investigation of the functional levels of inhibition in the cortex of individuals with autism can provide a strong test of the hypothesis. The amplitude of cortical response to the stimulation of adjacent fingers is controlled by the level of cortical inhibition and provides just such a test. Using magnetoencephalography, we recorded the response of the somatosensory cortex to the passive tactile stimulation of the thumb (D1), and index finger (D2), and to the simultaneous stimulation of both fingers combined (D1,D2) of the dominant (right) hand of young subjects with and without autism. For each participant, we measured the response to the stimulation of both fingers combined (D1,D2) relative to the post hoc sum of the responses to the stimulation of each finger alone (D1+D2) in multiple different ways and linearly regressed the ASD and neurotypical (NT) groups' responses. The resulting slopes were then compared: Smaller slope values imply attenuated response to paired finger stimulation, and enhanced levels of inhibition. The short-latency M40 and mid-latency M80 response slopes of the group with autism obtained in different ways were either significantly smaller, or statistically indistinguishable from NT. The result does not support reduced inhibition in the somatosensory cortex of individuals with autism, contrary to the seminal hypothesis of reduced inhibition. Implications are discussed including refinements of current theory. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1314 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=221 [article] Interaction of Finger Representations in the Cortex of Individuals with Autism: A Functional Window into Cortical Inhibition [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Mehmet Akif COSKUN, Auteur ; Katherine A. LOVELAND, Auteur ; Deborah A. PEARSON, Auteur ; Andrew C. PAPANICOLAOU, Auteur ; Bhavin R. SHETH, Auteur . - 2013 . - p.542-549. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 6-6 (December 2013) . - p.542-549 Mots-clés : evoked potentials  homeostasis  somatosensory cortex  cortical interaction  finger representation  source modeling  tactile Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : An established neural biomarker of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has the potential to provide novel biological and pharmacological targets for treatment. Lower level of inhibition in brain circuits is a leading biomarker candidate. A physiological investigation of the functional levels of inhibition in the cortex of individuals with autism can provide a strong test of the hypothesis. The amplitude of cortical response to the stimulation of adjacent fingers is controlled by the level of cortical inhibition and provides just such a test. Using magnetoencephalography, we recorded the response of the somatosensory cortex to the passive tactile stimulation of the thumb (D1), and index finger (D2), and to the simultaneous stimulation of both fingers combined (D1,D2) of the dominant (right) hand of young subjects with and without autism. For each participant, we measured the response to the stimulation of both fingers combined (D1,D2) relative to the post hoc sum of the responses to the stimulation of each finger alone (D1+D2) in multiple different ways and linearly regressed the ASD and neurotypical (NT) groups' responses. The resulting slopes were then compared: Smaller slope values imply attenuated response to paired finger stimulation, and enhanced levels of inhibition. The short-latency M40 and mid-latency M80 response slopes of the group with autism obtained in different ways were either significantly smaller, or statistically indistinguishable from NT. The result does not support reduced inhibition in the somatosensory cortex of individuals with autism, contrary to the seminal hypothesis of reduced inhibition. Implications are discussed including refinements of current theory. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1314 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=221

Recognition of Face and Non-Face Stimuli in Autistic Spectrum Disorder / Leo ARKUSH in Autism Research, 6-6 (December 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 6-6 (December 2013) . - p.550-560 Titre : Recognition of Face and Non-Face Stimuli in Autistic Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Leo ARKUSH, Auteur ; Adam P. R. SMITH-COLLINS, Auteur ; Chiara FIORENTINI, Auteur ; David H. SKUSE, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : p.550-560 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  ASD  face expertise  face recognition memory  Warrington Recognition Memory Test Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The ability to remember faces is critical for the development of social competence. From childhood to adulthood, we acquire a high level of expertise in the recognition of facial images, and neural processes become dedicated to sustaining competence. Many people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have poor face recognition memory; changes in hairstyle or other non-facial features in an otherwise familiar person affect their recollection skills. The observation implies that they may not use the configuration of the inner face to achieve memory competence, but bolster performance in other ways. We aimed to test this hypothesis by comparing the performance of a group of high-functioning unmedicated adolescents with ASD and a matched control group on a “surprise” face recognition memory task. We compared their memory for unfamiliar faces with their memory for images of houses. To evaluate the role that is played by peripheral cues in assisting recognition memory, we cropped both sets of pictures, retaining only the most salient central features. ASD adolescents had poorer recognition memory for faces than typical controls, but their recognition memory for houses was unimpaired. Cropping images of faces did not disproportionately influence their recall accuracy, relative to controls. House recognition skills (cropped and uncropped) were similar in both groups. In the ASD group only, performance on both sets of task was closely correlated, implying that memory for faces and other complex pictorial stimuli is achieved by domain-general (non-dedicated) cognitive mechanisms. Adolescents with ASD apparently do not use domain-specialized processing of inner facial cues to support face recognition memory. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1318 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=221 [article] Recognition of Face and Non-Face Stimuli in Autistic Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Leo ARKUSH, Auteur ; Adam P. R. SMITH-COLLINS, Auteur ; Chiara FIORENTINI, Auteur ; David H. SKUSE, Auteur . - 2013 . - p.550-560. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 6-6 (December 2013) . - p.550-560 Mots-clés : autism  ASD  face expertise  face recognition memory  Warrington Recognition Memory Test Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The ability to remember faces is critical for the development of social competence. From childhood to adulthood, we acquire a high level of expertise in the recognition of facial images, and neural processes become dedicated to sustaining competence. Many people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have poor face recognition memory; changes in hairstyle or other non-facial features in an otherwise familiar person affect their recollection skills. The observation implies that they may not use the configuration of the inner face to achieve memory competence, but bolster performance in other ways. We aimed to test this hypothesis by comparing the performance of a group of high-functioning unmedicated adolescents with ASD and a matched control group on a “surprise” face recognition memory task. We compared their memory for unfamiliar faces with their memory for images of houses. To evaluate the role that is played by peripheral cues in assisting recognition memory, we cropped both sets of pictures, retaining only the most salient central features. ASD adolescents had poorer recognition memory for faces than typical controls, but their recognition memory for houses was unimpaired. Cropping images of faces did not disproportionately influence their recall accuracy, relative to controls. House recognition skills (cropped and uncropped) were similar in both groups. In the ASD group only, performance on both sets of task was closely correlated, implying that memory for faces and other complex pictorial stimuli is achieved by domain-general (non-dedicated) cognitive mechanisms. Adolescents with ASD apparently do not use domain-specialized processing of inner facial cues to support face recognition memory. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1318 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=221

Altered Structure–Function Relations of Semantic Processing in Youths with High-Functioning Autism: A Combined Diffusion and Functional MRI Study / Yu-Chun LO in Autism Research, 6-6 (December 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 6-6 (December 2013) . - p.561-570 Titre : Altered Structure–Function Relations of Semantic Processing in Youths with High-Functioning Autism: A Combined Diffusion and Functional MRI Study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Yu-Chun LO, Auteur ; Tai-Li CHOU, Auteur ; Li-Ying FAN, Auteur ; Susan Shur-Fen GAU, Auteur ; Yen-Nan CHIU, Auteur ; Wen-Yih Isaac TSENG, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : p.561-570 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  dual stream model  diffusion spectrum imaging  functional MRI  tractography Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Deficits in language and communication are among the core symptoms of autism, a common neurodevelopmental disorder with long-term impairment. Despite the striking nature of the autistic language impairment, knowledge about its corresponding alterations in the brain is still evolving. We hypothesized that the dual stream language network is altered in autism, and that this alteration could be revealed by changes in the relationships between microstructural integrity and functional activation. The study recruited 20 right-handed male youths with autism and 20 carefully matched individually, typically developing (TD) youths. Microstructural integrity of the left dorsal and left ventral pathways responsible for language processing and the functional activation of the connected brain regions were investigated by using diffusion spectrum imaging and functional magnetic resonance imaging of a semantic task, respectively. Youths with autism had significantly poorer language function, and lower functional activation in left dorsal and left ventral regions of the language network, compared with TD youths. The TD group showed a significant correlation of the functional activation of the left dorsal region with microstructural integrity of the left ventral pathway, whereas the autism group showed a significant correlation of the functional activation of the left ventral region with microstructural integrity of the left dorsal pathway, and moreover verbal comprehension index was correlated with microstructural integrity of the left ventral pathway. These altered structure–function relationships in autism suggest possible involvement of the dual pathways in supporting deficient semantic processing. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1315 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=221 [article] Altered Structure–Function Relations of Semantic Processing in Youths with High-Functioning Autism: A Combined Diffusion and Functional MRI Study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Yu-Chun LO, Auteur ; Tai-Li CHOU, Auteur ; Li-Ying FAN, Auteur ; Susan Shur-Fen GAU, Auteur ; Yen-Nan CHIU, Auteur ; Wen-Yih Isaac TSENG, Auteur . - 2013 . - p.561-570. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 6-6 (December 2013) . - p.561-570 Mots-clés : autism  dual stream model  diffusion spectrum imaging  functional MRI  tractography Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Deficits in language and communication are among the core symptoms of autism, a common neurodevelopmental disorder with long-term impairment. Despite the striking nature of the autistic language impairment, knowledge about its corresponding alterations in the brain is still evolving. We hypothesized that the dual stream language network is altered in autism, and that this alteration could be revealed by changes in the relationships between microstructural integrity and functional activation. The study recruited 20 right-handed male youths with autism and 20 carefully matched individually, typically developing (TD) youths. Microstructural integrity of the left dorsal and left ventral pathways responsible for language processing and the functional activation of the connected brain regions were investigated by using diffusion spectrum imaging and functional magnetic resonance imaging of a semantic task, respectively. Youths with autism had significantly poorer language function, and lower functional activation in left dorsal and left ventral regions of the language network, compared with TD youths. The TD group showed a significant correlation of the functional activation of the left dorsal region with microstructural integrity of the left ventral pathway, whereas the autism group showed a significant correlation of the functional activation of the left ventral region with microstructural integrity of the left dorsal pathway, and moreover verbal comprehension index was correlated with microstructural integrity of the left ventral pathway. These altered structure–function relationships in autism suggest possible involvement of the dual pathways in supporting deficient semantic processing. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1315 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=221

Reduced Serotonin Receptor Subtypes in a Limbic and a Neocortical Region in Autism / Adrian OBLAK in Autism Research, 6-6 (December 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 6-6 (December 2013) . - p.571-583 Titre : Reduced Serotonin Receptor Subtypes in a Limbic and a Neocortical Region in Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Adrian OBLAK, Auteur ; Terrell T. GIBBS, Auteur ; Gene J. BLATT, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : p.571-583 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  serotonin  5-HT1A receptors  5-HT2A receptors  5-HT transporters  pharmacotherapy  selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism is a behaviorally defined, neurological disorder with symptom onset before the age of 3. Abnormalities in social-emotional behaviors are a core deficit in autism, and are characterized by impaired reciprocal–social interaction, lack of facial expressions, and the inability to recognize familiar faces. The posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and fusiform gyrus (FG) are two regions within an extensive limbic-cortical network that contribute to social-emotional behaviors. Evidence indicates that changes in brains of individuals with autism begin prenatally. Serotonin (5-HT) is one of the earliest expressed neurotransmitters, and plays an important role in synaptogenesis, neurite outgrowth, and neuronal migration. Abnormalities in 5-HT systems have been implicated in several psychiatric disorders, including autism, as evidenced by immunology, imaging, genetics, pharmacotherapy, and neuropathology. Although information is known regarding peripheral 5-HT in autism, there is emerging evidence that 5-HT systems in the central nervous system, including various 5-HT receptor subtypes and transporters, are affected in autism. The present study demonstrated significant reductions in 5-HT1A receptor-binding density in superficial and deep layers of the PCC and FG, and in the density of 5-HT2A receptors in superficial layers of the PCC and FG. A significant reduction in the density of serotonin transporters (5-HTT) was also found in the deep layers of the FG, but normal levels were demonstrated in both layers of the PCC and superficial layers of the FG. This study provides potential substrates for decreased 5-HT modulation/innervation in the autism brain, and implicate two 5-HT receptor subtypes as potential neuromarkers for novel or existing pharmacotherapies. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1317 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=221 [article] Reduced Serotonin Receptor Subtypes in a Limbic and a Neocortical Region in Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Adrian OBLAK, Auteur ; Terrell T. GIBBS, Auteur ; Gene J. BLATT, Auteur . - 2013 . - p.571-583. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 6-6 (December 2013) . - p.571-583 Mots-clés : autism  serotonin  5-HT1A receptors  5-HT2A receptors  5-HT transporters  pharmacotherapy  selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism is a behaviorally defined, neurological disorder with symptom onset before the age of 3. Abnormalities in social-emotional behaviors are a core deficit in autism, and are characterized by impaired reciprocal–social interaction, lack of facial expressions, and the inability to recognize familiar faces. The posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and fusiform gyrus (FG) are two regions within an extensive limbic-cortical network that contribute to social-emotional behaviors. Evidence indicates that changes in brains of individuals with autism begin prenatally. Serotonin (5-HT) is one of the earliest expressed neurotransmitters, and plays an important role in synaptogenesis, neurite outgrowth, and neuronal migration. Abnormalities in 5-HT systems have been implicated in several psychiatric disorders, including autism, as evidenced by immunology, imaging, genetics, pharmacotherapy, and neuropathology. Although information is known regarding peripheral 5-HT in autism, there is emerging evidence that 5-HT systems in the central nervous system, including various 5-HT receptor subtypes and transporters, are affected in autism. The present study demonstrated significant reductions in 5-HT1A receptor-binding density in superficial and deep layers of the PCC and FG, and in the density of 5-HT2A receptors in superficial layers of the PCC and FG. A significant reduction in the density of serotonin transporters (5-HTT) was also found in the deep layers of the FG, but normal levels were demonstrated in both layers of the PCC and superficial layers of the FG. This study provides potential substrates for decreased 5-HT modulation/innervation in the autism brain, and implicate two 5-HT receptor subtypes as potential neuromarkers for novel or existing pharmacotherapies. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1317 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=221

Repetitive Behavior and Restricted Interests in Young Children with Autism: Comparisons with Controls and Stability Over 2 Years / Lisa JOSEPH in Autism Research, 6-6 (December 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 6-6 (December 2013) . - p.584-595 Titre : Repetitive Behavior and Restricted Interests in Young Children with Autism: Comparisons with Controls and Stability Over 2 Years Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lisa JOSEPH, Auteur ; Audrey THURM, Auteur ; Cristan A. FARMER, Auteur ; Stacy SHUMWAY, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : p.584-595 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  repetitive behaviors  young children  trajectory Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Restricted, repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior, interests and activities [RRBs] are among the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Previous studies have indicated that RRBs differentiate ASD from other developmental disorders and from typical development. This study examined the presentation of RRBs as reported on the Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised, a caregiver report, in children with ASD [separated into autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified groups] compared with children with nonspectrum developmental delays or typical development. We examined the role of age, cognitive functioning, sex and social communication impairment as they relate to RRBs. The stability of RRBs in children with autism was also examined over the course of 2 years. Results of the study confirmed that the amount and type of RRBs differs by diagnosis. Age, cognitive functioning, sex and social-communication impairment were not significant correlates. Among children with autism, RRBs remained stable over time. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1316 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=221 [article] Repetitive Behavior and Restricted Interests in Young Children with Autism: Comparisons with Controls and Stability Over 2 Years [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lisa JOSEPH, Auteur ; Audrey THURM, Auteur ; Cristan A. FARMER, Auteur ; Stacy SHUMWAY, Auteur . - 2013 . - p.584-595. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 6-6 (December 2013) . - p.584-595 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  repetitive behaviors  young children  trajectory Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Restricted, repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior, interests and activities [RRBs] are among the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Previous studies have indicated that RRBs differentiate ASD from other developmental disorders and from typical development. This study examined the presentation of RRBs as reported on the Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised, a caregiver report, in children with ASD [separated into autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified groups] compared with children with nonspectrum developmental delays or typical development. We examined the role of age, cognitive functioning, sex and social communication impairment as they relate to RRBs. The stability of RRBs in children with autism was also examined over the course of 2 years. Results of the study confirmed that the amount and type of RRBs differs by diagnosis. Age, cognitive functioning, sex and social-communication impairment were not significant correlates. Among children with autism, RRBs remained stable over time. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1316 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=221

Specific Neurological Phenotypes in Autism Spectrum Disorders Are Associated with Sex Representation / Esther BEN-ITZCHAK in Autism Research, 6-6 (December 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 6-6 (December 2013) . - p.596-604 Titre : Specific Neurological Phenotypes in Autism Spectrum Disorders Are Associated with Sex Representation Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Esther BEN-ITZCHAK, Auteur ; Shay BEN-SHACHAR, Auteur ; Ditza A. ZACHOR, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : p.596-604 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  male:female ratio  microcephaly  macrocephaly  developmental regression, minor neurological and musculoskeletal deficits, seizures Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heritable disorder occurring predominantly in males. The aim of this study was to compare sex differences in the prevalence of specific neurological phenotypes commonly described in ASD. The study included 663 participants, aged 18 months to 15 years, diagnosed with ASD. Neurological and behavioral assessments were performed using standardized tests, and obtaining medical, developmental, and familial histories from the parents. Phenotypes under investigation were macro- and microcephaly, developmental regression, minor neurological and musculoskeletal deficits (MNMD), and seizures. Male?:?female ratio in the ASD group was 6.7:1. No sex differences in autism severity, cognitive ability, and adaptive functioning were noted. Mean head circumference percentile for males (50.1?±?25.6) was significantly larger than females (43.4?±?30.2). Micro- and macrocephaly were more frequent in ASD than expected (5.9%; 18.1%, respectively). Microcephaly in females (15.1%) was significantly more prevalent than in males (4.5%). The prevalence of macrocephaly in both sexes did not differ significantly. Regression was noted in 30.2% of the females with ASD, significantly higher than in males (18.9%). MNMD was documented in 73.8% of the females, significantly higher than in males (57.1%). M:F ratio decreased in a group with two or more phenotypes (3.6:1), while male predominance was more significant in the group without phenotypes (13.6:1). Neurological phenotypes associated with ASD are more prevalent in females than in males, resulting in more complex clinical and neurological manifestations in females. Therefore, involvement of different etiologies is suggested in ASD in females. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1319 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=221 [article] Specific Neurological Phenotypes in Autism Spectrum Disorders Are Associated with Sex Representation [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Esther BEN-ITZCHAK, Auteur ; Shay BEN-SHACHAR, Auteur ; Ditza A. ZACHOR, Auteur . - 2013 . - p.596-604. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 6-6 (December 2013) . - p.596-604 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  male:female ratio  microcephaly  macrocephaly  developmental regression, minor neurological and musculoskeletal deficits, seizures Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heritable disorder occurring predominantly in males. The aim of this study was to compare sex differences in the prevalence of specific neurological phenotypes commonly described in ASD. The study included 663 participants, aged 18 months to 15 years, diagnosed with ASD. Neurological and behavioral assessments were performed using standardized tests, and obtaining medical, developmental, and familial histories from the parents. Phenotypes under investigation were macro- and microcephaly, developmental regression, minor neurological and musculoskeletal deficits (MNMD), and seizures. Male?:?female ratio in the ASD group was 6.7:1. No sex differences in autism severity, cognitive ability, and adaptive functioning were noted. Mean head circumference percentile for males (50.1?±?25.6) was significantly larger than females (43.4?±?30.2). Micro- and macrocephaly were more frequent in ASD than expected (5.9%; 18.1%, respectively). Microcephaly in females (15.1%) was significantly more prevalent than in males (4.5%). The prevalence of macrocephaly in both sexes did not differ significantly. Regression was noted in 30.2% of the females with ASD, significantly higher than in males (18.9%). MNMD was documented in 73.8% of the females, significantly higher than in males (57.1%). M:F ratio decreased in a group with two or more phenotypes (3.6:1), while male predominance was more significant in the group without phenotypes (13.6:1). Neurological phenotypes associated with ASD are more prevalent in females than in males, resulting in more complex clinical and neurological manifestations in females. Therefore, involvement of different etiologies is suggested in ASD in females. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1319 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=221

More Is Less: Pitch Discrimination and Language Delays in Children with Optimal Outcomes from Autism / Inge-Marie EIGSTI in Autism Research, 6-6 (December 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 6-6 (December 2013) . - p.605-613 Titre : More Is Less: Pitch Discrimination and Language Delays in Children with Optimal Outcomes from Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Inge-Marie EIGSTI, Auteur ; Deborah A. FEIN, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : p.605-613 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : language  language delays  auditory perception  autism  long-term outcomes Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental disorders diagnosed behaviorally but associated with differences in brain development. Individuals with ASD exhibit superior auditory perceptual skills, which may correlate with ASD symptomatology, particularly language skills. We describe findings from individuals diagnosed with ASD before age five, who now have no symptoms (e.g., having optimal outcomes). Unlike an ASD group, which shows heightened pitch discrimination, the Optimal Outcome group's abilities do not differ from those of typically developing controls. Furthermore, pitch discrimination is associated with both current autism symptomatology and early-language milestones. Findings illuminate processes associated with resolution of autism. We also discuss a specific mechanism by which heightened auditory discrimination leads to language delays in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1324 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=221 [article] More Is Less: Pitch Discrimination and Language Delays in Children with Optimal Outcomes from Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Inge-Marie EIGSTI, Auteur ; Deborah A. FEIN, Auteur . - 2013 . - p.605-613. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 6-6 (December 2013) . - p.605-613 Mots-clés : language  language delays  auditory perception  autism  long-term outcomes Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental disorders diagnosed behaviorally but associated with differences in brain development. Individuals with ASD exhibit superior auditory perceptual skills, which may correlate with ASD symptomatology, particularly language skills. We describe findings from individuals diagnosed with ASD before age five, who now have no symptoms (e.g., having optimal outcomes). Unlike an ASD group, which shows heightened pitch discrimination, the Optimal Outcome group's abilities do not differ from those of typically developing controls. Furthermore, pitch discrimination is associated with both current autism symptomatology and early-language milestones. Findings illuminate processes associated with resolution of autism. We also discuss a specific mechanism by which heightened auditory discrimination leads to language delays in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1324 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=221

Autistic Traits Modulate Mimicry of Social but not Nonsocial Rewards / Anthony HAFFEY in Autism Research, 6-6 (December 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 6-6 (December 2013) . - p.614-620 Titre : Autistic Traits Modulate Mimicry of Social but not Nonsocial Rewards Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Anthony HAFFEY, Auteur ; Clare PRESS, Auteur ; Garret O'CONNELL, Auteur ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : p.614-620 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : reward  imitation  social  nonsocial  autism  empathy  mimicry Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASC) are associated with diminished responsiveness to social stimuli, and especially to social rewards such as smiles. Atypical responsiveness to social rewards, which reinforce socially appropriate behavior in children, can potentially lead to a cascade of deficits in social behavior. Individuals with ASC often show diminished spontaneous mimicry of social stimuli in a natural setting. In the general population, mimicry is modulated both by the reward value and the sociality of the stimulus (i.e., whether the stimulus is perceived to belong to a conspecific or an inanimate object). Since empathy and autistic traits are distributed continuously in the general population, this study aimed to test if and how these traits modulated automatic mimicry of rewarded social and nonsocial stimuli. High and low rewards were associated with human and robot hands using a conditioned learning paradigm. Thirty-six participants from the general population then completed a mimicry task involving performing a prespecified hand movement which was either compatible or incompatible with a hand movement presented to the participant. High autistic traits (measured using the Autism Spectrum Quotient, AQ) predicted lesser mimicry of high-reward than low-reward conditioned human hands, whereas trait empathy showed an opposite pattern of correlations. No such relations were observed for high-reward vs. low-reward conditioned robot hands. These results demonstrate how autistic traits and empathy modulate the effects of reward on mimicry of social compared to nonsocial stimuli. This evidence suggests a potential role for the reward system in underlying the atypical social behavior in individuals with ASC, who constitute the extreme end of the spectrum of autistic traits. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1323 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=221 [article] Autistic Traits Modulate Mimicry of Social but not Nonsocial Rewards [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Anthony HAFFEY, Auteur ; Clare PRESS, Auteur ; Garret O'CONNELL, Auteur ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI, Auteur . - 2013 . - p.614-620. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 6-6 (December 2013) . - p.614-620 Mots-clés : reward  imitation  social  nonsocial  autism  empathy  mimicry Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASC) are associated with diminished responsiveness to social stimuli, and especially to social rewards such as smiles. Atypical responsiveness to social rewards, which reinforce socially appropriate behavior in children, can potentially lead to a cascade of deficits in social behavior. Individuals with ASC often show diminished spontaneous mimicry of social stimuli in a natural setting. In the general population, mimicry is modulated both by the reward value and the sociality of the stimulus (i.e., whether the stimulus is perceived to belong to a conspecific or an inanimate object). Since empathy and autistic traits are distributed continuously in the general population, this study aimed to test if and how these traits modulated automatic mimicry of rewarded social and nonsocial stimuli. High and low rewards were associated with human and robot hands using a conditioned learning paradigm. Thirty-six participants from the general population then completed a mimicry task involving performing a prespecified hand movement which was either compatible or incompatible with a hand movement presented to the participant. High autistic traits (measured using the Autism Spectrum Quotient, AQ) predicted lesser mimicry of high-reward than low-reward conditioned human hands, whereas trait empathy showed an opposite pattern of correlations. No such relations were observed for high-reward vs. low-reward conditioned robot hands. These results demonstrate how autistic traits and empathy modulate the effects of reward on mimicry of social compared to nonsocial stimuli. This evidence suggests a potential role for the reward system in underlying the atypical social behavior in individuals with ASC, who constitute the extreme end of the spectrum of autistic traits. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1323 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=221

Parental Broader Autism Subphenotypes in ASD Affected Families: Relationship to Gender, Child's Symptoms, SSRI Treatment, and Platelet Serotonin / Tal LEVIN-DECANINI in Autism Research, 6-6 (December 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 6-6 (December 2013) . - p.621-630 Titre : Parental Broader Autism Subphenotypes in ASD Affected Families: Relationship to Gender, Child's Symptoms, SSRI Treatment, and Platelet Serotonin Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Tal LEVIN-DECANINI, Auteur ; Nell MALTMAN, Auteur ; Sunday M. FRANCIS, Auteur ; Steve GUTER, Auteur ; George M. ANDERSON, Auteur ; Edwin H. Jr COOK, Auteur ; Suma JACOB, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : p.621-630 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : broader autism phenotype  serotonin  autism  SSRI Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Relationships between parental broader autism phenotype (BAP) scores, gender, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment, serotonin (5HT) levels, and the child's symptoms were investigated in a family study of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The Broader Autism Phenotype Questionnaire (BAPQ) was used to measure the BAP of 275 parents. Fathers not taking SSRIs (F-SSRI; n?=?115) scored significantly higher on BAP Total and Aloof subscales compared to mothers not receiving treatment (M-SSRI; n?=?136.) However, mothers taking SSRIs (M?+?SSRI; n?=?19) scored higher than those not taking medication on BAP Total and Rigid subscales, and they were more likely to be BAPQ Total, Aloof, and Rigid positive. Significant correlations were noted between proband autism symptoms and parental BAPQ scores such that Total, Aloof, and Rigid subscale scores of F-SSRI correlated with proband restricted repetitive behavior (RRB) measures on the ADOS, CRI, and RBS-R. However, only the Aloof subscale score of M?+?SSRI correlated with proband RRB on the ADOS. The correlation between the BAPQ scores of mothers taking SSRIs and child scores, as well as the increase in BAPQ scores of this group of mothers, requires careful interpretation and further study because correlations would not withstand multiple corrections. As expected by previous research, significant parent–child correlations were observed for 5HT levels. However, 5HT levels were not correlated with behavioral measures. Study results suggest that the expression of the BAP varies not only across parental gender, but also across individuals using psychotropic medication and those who do not. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1322 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=221 [article] Parental Broader Autism Subphenotypes in ASD Affected Families: Relationship to Gender, Child's Symptoms, SSRI Treatment, and Platelet Serotonin [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Tal LEVIN-DECANINI, Auteur ; Nell MALTMAN, Auteur ; Sunday M. FRANCIS, Auteur ; Steve GUTER, Auteur ; George M. ANDERSON, Auteur ; Edwin H. Jr COOK, Auteur ; Suma JACOB, Auteur . - 2013 . - p.621-630. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 6-6 (December 2013) . - p.621-630 Mots-clés : broader autism phenotype  serotonin  autism  SSRI Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Relationships between parental broader autism phenotype (BAP) scores, gender, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment, serotonin (5HT) levels, and the child's symptoms were investigated in a family study of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The Broader Autism Phenotype Questionnaire (BAPQ) was used to measure the BAP of 275 parents. Fathers not taking SSRIs (F-SSRI; n?=?115) scored significantly higher on BAP Total and Aloof subscales compared to mothers not receiving treatment (M-SSRI; n?=?136.) However, mothers taking SSRIs (M?+?SSRI; n?=?19) scored higher than those not taking medication on BAP Total and Rigid subscales, and they were more likely to be BAPQ Total, Aloof, and Rigid positive. Significant correlations were noted between proband autism symptoms and parental BAPQ scores such that Total, Aloof, and Rigid subscale scores of F-SSRI correlated with proband restricted repetitive behavior (RRB) measures on the ADOS, CRI, and RBS-R. However, only the Aloof subscale score of M?+?SSRI correlated with proband RRB on the ADOS. The correlation between the BAPQ scores of mothers taking SSRIs and child scores, as well as the increase in BAPQ scores of this group of mothers, requires careful interpretation and further study because correlations would not withstand multiple corrections. As expected by previous research, significant parent–child correlations were observed for 5HT levels. However, 5HT levels were not correlated with behavioral measures. Study results suggest that the expression of the BAP varies not only across parental gender, but also across individuals using psychotropic medication and those who do not. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1322 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=221

The Development of the Multidimensional Social Competence Scale: A Standardized Measure of Social Competence in Autism Spectrum Disorders / Jodi YAGER in Autism Research, 6-6 (December 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 6-6 (December 2013) . - p.631-641 Titre : The Development of the Multidimensional Social Competence Scale: A Standardized Measure of Social Competence in Autism Spectrum Disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jodi YAGER, Auteur ; Grace IAROCCI, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : p.631-641 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  social competence  multidimensional social competence scale  psychometric properties Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism and its related disorders are commonly described as lying along a continuum that ranges in severity and are collectively referred to as autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Although all individuals with ASD meet the social impairment diagnostic criteria outlined in the DSM-IV-TR, they do not present with the same social difficulties. The variability in the expression and severity of social competence is particularly evident among the group of individuals with “high-functioning” ASD who appear to have difficulty applying their average to above average intelligence in a social context. There is a striking paucity of empirical research investigating individual differences in social functioning among individuals with high-functioning ASD. It is possible that more detailed investigations of social competence have been impeded by the lack of standardized measures available to assess the nature and severity of social impairment. The aim of the current study was to develop and evaluate a parent rating scale capable of assessing individual differences in social competence (i.e. strengths and challenges) among adolescents with ASD: the Multidimensional Social Competence Scale (MSCS). Results from confirmatory factor analyses supported the hypothesized multidimensional factor structure of the MSCS. Seven relatively distinct domains of social competence were identified including social motivation, social inferencing, demonstrating empathic concern, social knowledge, verbal conversation skills, nonverbal sending skills, and emotion regulation. Psychometric evidence provided preliminary support for the reliability and validity of the scale. Possible applications of this promising new parent rating scale in both research and clinical settings are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1331 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=221 [article] The Development of the Multidimensional Social Competence Scale: A Standardized Measure of Social Competence in Autism Spectrum Disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jodi YAGER, Auteur ; Grace IAROCCI, Auteur . - 2013 . - p.631-641. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 6-6 (December 2013) . - p.631-641 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  social competence  multidimensional social competence scale  psychometric properties Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism and its related disorders are commonly described as lying along a continuum that ranges in severity and are collectively referred to as autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Although all individuals with ASD meet the social impairment diagnostic criteria outlined in the DSM-IV-TR, they do not present with the same social difficulties. The variability in the expression and severity of social competence is particularly evident among the group of individuals with “high-functioning” ASD who appear to have difficulty applying their average to above average intelligence in a social context. There is a striking paucity of empirical research investigating individual differences in social functioning among individuals with high-functioning ASD. It is possible that more detailed investigations of social competence have been impeded by the lack of standardized measures available to assess the nature and severity of social impairment. The aim of the current study was to develop and evaluate a parent rating scale capable of assessing individual differences in social competence (i.e. strengths and challenges) among adolescents with ASD: the Multidimensional Social Competence Scale (MSCS). Results from confirmatory factor analyses supported the hypothesized multidimensional factor structure of the MSCS. Seven relatively distinct domains of social competence were identified including social motivation, social inferencing, demonstrating empathic concern, social knowledge, verbal conversation skills, nonverbal sending skills, and emotion regulation. Psychometric evidence provided preliminary support for the reliability and validity of the scale. Possible applications of this promising new parent rating scale in both research and clinical settings are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1331 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=221

Increased Coherence of White Matter Fiber Tract Organization in Adults with Asperger Syndrome: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study / Ulrika ROINE in Autism Research, 6-6 (December 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 6-6 (December 2013) . - p.642-650 Titre : Increased Coherence of White Matter Fiber Tract Organization in Adults with Asperger Syndrome: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ulrika ROINE, Auteur ; Timo ROINE, Auteur ; Juha SALMI, Auteur ; Taina NIEMINEN-VON WENDT, Auteur ; Sami LEPPAMAKI, Auteur ; Pertti RINTAHAKA, Auteur ; Pekka TANI, Auteur ; Alexander LEEMANS, Auteur ; Mikko SAMS, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : p.642-650 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)  clinical psychiatry  neuroimaging  autism spectrum disorder Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : To investigate whether there are global white matter (WM) differences between autistic and healthy adults, we performed diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in 14 male adults with Asperger syndrome (AS) and 19 gender-, age-, and intelligence quotient-matched controls. We focused on individuals with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (ASD), AS, to decrease heterogeneity caused by large variation in the cognitive profile. Previous DTI studies of ASD have mainly focused on finding local changes in fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD), two indexes used to characterize microstructural properties of WM. Although the local or voxel-based approaches may be able to provide detailed information in terms of location of the observed differences, such results are known to be highly sensitive to partial volume effects, registration errors, or placement of the regions of interest. Therefore, we performed global histogram analyses of (a) whole-brain tractography results and (b) skeletonized WM masks. In addition to the FA and MD, the planar diffusion coefficient (CP) was computed as it can provide more specific information of the complexity of the neural structure. Our main finding indicated that adults with AS had higher mean FA values than controls. A less complex neural structure in adults with AS could have explained the results, but no significant difference in CP was found. Our results suggest that there are global abnormalities in the WM tissue of adults with AS. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1332 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=221 [article] Increased Coherence of White Matter Fiber Tract Organization in Adults with Asperger Syndrome: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ulrika ROINE, Auteur ; Timo ROINE, Auteur ; Juha SALMI, Auteur ; Taina NIEMINEN-VON WENDT, Auteur ; Sami LEPPAMAKI, Auteur ; Pertti RINTAHAKA, Auteur ; Pekka TANI, Auteur ; Alexander LEEMANS, Auteur ; Mikko SAMS, Auteur . - 2013 . - p.642-650. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 6-6 (December 2013) . - p.642-650 Mots-clés : diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)  clinical psychiatry  neuroimaging  autism spectrum disorder Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : To investigate whether there are global white matter (WM) differences between autistic and healthy adults, we performed diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in 14 male adults with Asperger syndrome (AS) and 19 gender-, age-, and intelligence quotient-matched controls. We focused on individuals with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (ASD), AS, to decrease heterogeneity caused by large variation in the cognitive profile. Previous DTI studies of ASD have mainly focused on finding local changes in fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD), two indexes used to characterize microstructural properties of WM. Although the local or voxel-based approaches may be able to provide detailed information in terms of location of the observed differences, such results are known to be highly sensitive to partial volume effects, registration errors, or placement of the regions of interest. Therefore, we performed global histogram analyses of (a) whole-brain tractography results and (b) skeletonized WM masks. In addition to the FA and MD, the planar diffusion coefficient (CP) was computed as it can provide more specific information of the complexity of the neural structure. Our main finding indicated that adults with AS had higher mean FA values than controls. A less complex neural structure in adults with AS could have explained the results, but no significant difference in CP was found. Our results suggest that there are global abnormalities in the WM tissue of adults with AS. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1332 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=221

Lay Abstract in Autism Research, 6-6 (December 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 6-6 (December 2013) . - p.651-658 Titre : Lay Abstract Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : p.651-658 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1356 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=221 [article] Lay Abstract [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] . - 2013 . - p.651-658. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 6-6 (December 2013) . - p.651-658 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1356 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=221

International Society for Autism Research News / Francesca HAPPE in Autism Research, 6-6 (December 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 6-6 (December 2013) . - p.659-659 Titre : International Society for Autism Research News Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Francesca HAPPE, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : p.659-659 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.135 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=221 [article] International Society for Autism Research News [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Francesca HAPPE, Auteur . - 2013 . - p.659-659. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 6-6 (December 2013) . - p.659-659 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.135 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=221