Dépouillements

Mechanism-based interventions for ASD cannot be implemented using conventional trial designs / Jan J. SPRENGERS in Autism Research, 17-2 (February 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 17-2 (February 2024) . - p.202-203 Titre : Mechanism-based interventions for ASD cannot be implemented using conventional trial designs Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jan J. SPRENGERS, Auteur ; Lisa GEERTJENS, Auteur ; Hilgo BRUINING, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.202-203 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3086 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=522 [article] Mechanism-based interventions for ASD cannot be implemented using conventional trial designs [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jan J. SPRENGERS, Auteur ; Lisa GEERTJENS, Auteur ; Hilgo BRUINING, Auteur . - p.202-203. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 17-2 (February 2024) . - p.202-203 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3086 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=522

Scene construction and autobiographical memory retrieval in autism spectrum disorder / Anna M. AGRON in Autism Research, 17-2 (February 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 17-2 (February 2024) . - p.204-214 Titre : Scene construction and autobiographical memory retrieval in autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Anna M. AGRON, Auteur ; Alex MARTIN, Auteur ; Adrian W. GILMORE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.204-214 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) frequently exhibit difficulties in retrieving autobiographical memories (AMs) of specific events from their life. Such memory deficits are frequently attributed to underlying disruptions in self-referential or social cognition processes. This makes intuitive sense as these are hallmarks of ASD. However, an emerging literature suggests that parallel deficits also exist in ASD individuals' ability to reconstruct the rich spatial contexts in which events occur. This is a capacity known as scene construction, and in typically developing individuals is considered a core process in retrieving AMs. In this review, we discuss evidence of difficulties with scene construction in ASD, drawing upon experiments that involve AM retrieval, other forms of mental time travel, and spatial navigation. We also highlight aspects of extant data that cannot be accounted for using purely social explanations of memory deficits in ASD. We conclude by identifying key questions raised by our framework and suggest how they might be addressed in future research. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3066 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=522 [article] Scene construction and autobiographical memory retrieval in autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Anna M. AGRON, Auteur ; Alex MARTIN, Auteur ; Adrian W. GILMORE, Auteur . - p.204-214. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 17-2 (February 2024) . - p.204-214 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) frequently exhibit difficulties in retrieving autobiographical memories (AMs) of specific events from their life. Such memory deficits are frequently attributed to underlying disruptions in self-referential or social cognition processes. This makes intuitive sense as these are hallmarks of ASD. However, an emerging literature suggests that parallel deficits also exist in ASD individuals' ability to reconstruct the rich spatial contexts in which events occur. This is a capacity known as scene construction, and in typically developing individuals is considered a core process in retrieving AMs. In this review, we discuss evidence of difficulties with scene construction in ASD, drawing upon experiments that involve AM retrieval, other forms of mental time travel, and spatial navigation. We also highlight aspects of extant data that cannot be accounted for using purely social explanations of memory deficits in ASD. We conclude by identifying key questions raised by our framework and suggest how they might be addressed in future research. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3066 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=522

Reported quality indicators and implementation outcomes of community partnership in autism intervention research: A systematic review / Jessica E. TSCHIDA in Autism Research, 17-2 (February 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 17-2 (February 2024) . - p.215-233 Titre : Reported quality indicators and implementation outcomes of community partnership in autism intervention research: A systematic review Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jessica E. TSCHIDA, Auteur ; James D. LEE, Auteur ; Anamiguel POMALES-RAMOS, Auteur ; Vivien KOO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.215-233 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract There is minimal research on the quality of community partnerships in studies of interventions for autistic children. However, building high quality community engagement in autism intervention research may improve implementation outcomes. This systematic review examined studies that report community partnership in autism intervention research. A total of 135 articles were identified and 11 of these articles were included in the final review. Community partnership data were extracted using indicators from the conceptual framework for assessing research-practice partnerships (RPP; Henrick et al., Henrick et al., Assessing research-practice partnerships: Five dimensions of effectiveness, William T. Grant Foundation, 2017) and implementation outcomes data were extracted using the taxonomy of distinct implementation outcomes (Proctor et al., Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 38:65-76, 2011). Quality of studies were appraised using JBIs critical appraisal tools (Munn et al., JBI Evidence Synthesis, 18:2127-2133, 2020). RPP indicators and implementation outcomes were variably reported across studies. RPP indicators and implementation outcomes more likely to be reported were related to building trust, cultivating partnership relationships, conducting rigorous research to inform action, acceptability, and feasibility. RPP indicators and implementation outcomes less likely to be reported were related to building capacity to engage in partnership work, sustainability, cost, and penetration. Together, these results may suggest the need for increased sustainability and capacity building efforts in partnerships and increased guidelines for reporting outcomes. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3103 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=522 [article] Reported quality indicators and implementation outcomes of community partnership in autism intervention research: A systematic review [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jessica E. TSCHIDA, Auteur ; James D. LEE, Auteur ; Anamiguel POMALES-RAMOS, Auteur ; Vivien KOO, Auteur . - p.215-233. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 17-2 (February 2024) . - p.215-233 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract There is minimal research on the quality of community partnerships in studies of interventions for autistic children. However, building high quality community engagement in autism intervention research may improve implementation outcomes. This systematic review examined studies that report community partnership in autism intervention research. A total of 135 articles were identified and 11 of these articles were included in the final review. Community partnership data were extracted using indicators from the conceptual framework for assessing research-practice partnerships (RPP; Henrick et al., Henrick et al., Assessing research-practice partnerships: Five dimensions of effectiveness, William T. Grant Foundation, 2017) and implementation outcomes data were extracted using the taxonomy of distinct implementation outcomes (Proctor et al., Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 38:65-76, 2011). Quality of studies were appraised using JBIs critical appraisal tools (Munn et al., JBI Evidence Synthesis, 18:2127-2133, 2020). RPP indicators and implementation outcomes were variably reported across studies. RPP indicators and implementation outcomes more likely to be reported were related to building trust, cultivating partnership relationships, conducting rigorous research to inform action, acceptability, and feasibility. RPP indicators and implementation outcomes less likely to be reported were related to building capacity to engage in partnership work, sustainability, cost, and penetration. Together, these results may suggest the need for increased sustainability and capacity building efforts in partnerships and increased guidelines for reporting outcomes. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3103 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=522

Prevalence of bias against neurodivergence-related terms in artificial intelligence language models / Sam BRANDSEN in Autism Research, 17-2 (February 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 17-2 (February 2024) . - p.234-248 Titre : Prevalence of bias against neurodivergence-related terms in artificial intelligence language models Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sam BRANDSEN, Auteur ; Tara CHANDRASEKHAR, Auteur ; Lauren FRANZ, Auteur ; Jordan GRAPEL, Auteur ; Geraldine DAWSON, Auteur ; David CARLSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.234-248 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Given the increasing role of artificial intelligence (AI) in many decision-making processes, we investigate the presence of AI bias towards terms related to a range of neurodivergent conditions, including autism, ADHD, schizophrenia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). We use 11 different language model encoders to test the degree to which words related to neurodiversity are associated with groups of words related to danger, disease, badness, and other negative concepts. For each group of words tested, we report the mean strength of association (Word Embedding Association Test [WEAT] score) averaged over all encoders and find generally high levels of bias. Additionally, we show that bias occurs even when testing words associated with autistic or neurodivergent strengths. For example, embedders had a negative average association between words related to autism and words related to honesty, despite honesty being considered a common strength of autistic individuals. Finally, we introduce a sentence similarity ratio test and demonstrate that many sentences describing types of disabilities, for example, "I have autism" or "I have epilepsy," have even stronger negative associations than control sentences such as "I am a bank robber." En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3094 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=522 [article] Prevalence of bias against neurodivergence-related terms in artificial intelligence language models [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sam BRANDSEN, Auteur ; Tara CHANDRASEKHAR, Auteur ; Lauren FRANZ, Auteur ; Jordan GRAPEL, Auteur ; Geraldine DAWSON, Auteur ; David CARLSON, Auteur . - p.234-248. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 17-2 (February 2024) . - p.234-248 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Given the increasing role of artificial intelligence (AI) in many decision-making processes, we investigate the presence of AI bias towards terms related to a range of neurodivergent conditions, including autism, ADHD, schizophrenia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). We use 11 different language model encoders to test the degree to which words related to neurodiversity are associated with groups of words related to danger, disease, badness, and other negative concepts. For each group of words tested, we report the mean strength of association (Word Embedding Association Test [WEAT] score) averaged over all encoders and find generally high levels of bias. Additionally, we show that bias occurs even when testing words associated with autistic or neurodivergent strengths. For example, embedders had a negative average association between words related to autism and words related to honesty, despite honesty being considered a common strength of autistic individuals. Finally, we introduce a sentence similarity ratio test and demonstrate that many sentences describing types of disabilities, for example, "I have autism" or "I have epilepsy," have even stronger negative associations than control sentences such as "I am a bank robber." En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3094 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=522

Oculomotor randomness is higher in autistic children and increases with the severity of symptoms / Inbal ZIV in Autism Research, 17-2 (February 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 17-2 (February 2024) . - p.249-265 Titre : Oculomotor randomness is higher in autistic children and increases with the severity of symptoms Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Inbal ZIV, Auteur ; Inbar AVNI, Auteur ; Ilan DINSTEIN, Auteur ; Gal MEIRI, Auteur ; Yoram S. BONNEH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.249-265 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract A variety of studies have suggested that at least some children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) view the world differently. Differences in gaze patterns as measured by eye tracking have been demonstrated during visual exploration of images and natural viewing of movies with social content. Here we analyzed the temporal randomness of saccades and blinks during natural viewing of movies, inspired by a recent measure of "randomness" applied to micro-movements of the hand and head in ASD (Torres et al., 2013; Torres & Denisova, 2016). We analyzed a large eye-tracking dataset of 189 ASD and 41 typically developing (TD) children (1-11?years old) who watched three movie clips with social content, each repeated twice. We found that oculomotor measures of randomness, obtained from gamma parameters of inter-saccade intervals (ISI) and blink duration distributions, were significantly higher in the ASD group compared with the TD group and were correlated with the ADOS comparison score, reflecting increased "randomness" in more severe cases. Moreover, these measures of randomness decreased with age, as well as with higher cognitive scores in both groups and were consistent across repeated viewing of each movie clip. Highly "random" eye movements in ASD children could be associated with high "neural variability" or noise, poor sensory-motor control, or weak engagement with the movies. These findings could contribute to the future development of oculomotor biomarkers as part of an integrative diagnostic tool for ASD. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3083 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=522 [article] Oculomotor randomness is higher in autistic children and increases with the severity of symptoms [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Inbal ZIV, Auteur ; Inbar AVNI, Auteur ; Ilan DINSTEIN, Auteur ; Gal MEIRI, Auteur ; Yoram S. BONNEH, Auteur . - p.249-265. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 17-2 (February 2024) . - p.249-265 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract A variety of studies have suggested that at least some children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) view the world differently. Differences in gaze patterns as measured by eye tracking have been demonstrated during visual exploration of images and natural viewing of movies with social content. Here we analyzed the temporal randomness of saccades and blinks during natural viewing of movies, inspired by a recent measure of "randomness" applied to micro-movements of the hand and head in ASD (Torres et al., 2013; Torres & Denisova, 2016). We analyzed a large eye-tracking dataset of 189 ASD and 41 typically developing (TD) children (1-11?years old) who watched three movie clips with social content, each repeated twice. We found that oculomotor measures of randomness, obtained from gamma parameters of inter-saccade intervals (ISI) and blink duration distributions, were significantly higher in the ASD group compared with the TD group and were correlated with the ADOS comparison score, reflecting increased "randomness" in more severe cases. Moreover, these measures of randomness decreased with age, as well as with higher cognitive scores in both groups and were consistent across repeated viewing of each movie clip. Highly "random" eye movements in ASD children could be associated with high "neural variability" or noise, poor sensory-motor control, or weak engagement with the movies. These findings could contribute to the future development of oculomotor biomarkers as part of an integrative diagnostic tool for ASD. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3083 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=522

Role of autonomic, nociceptive, and limbic brainstem nuclei in core autism features / Brittany G. TRAVERS in Autism Research, 17-2 (February 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 17-2 (February 2024) . - p.266-279 Titre : Role of autonomic, nociceptive, and limbic brainstem nuclei in core autism features Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Brittany G. TRAVERS, Auteur ; Olivia SURGENT, Auteur ; Jose GUERRERO-GONZALEZ, Auteur ; Douglas C. DEAN III, Auteur ; Nagesh ADLURU, Auteur ; Steven R. KECSKEMETI, Auteur ; Gregory R. KIRK, Auteur ; Andrew L. ALEXANDER, Auteur ; Jun ZHU, Auteur ; Emily C. SKALETSKI, Auteur ; Sonali NAIK, Auteur ; Monica DURAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.266-279 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Although multiple theories have speculated about the brainstem reticular formation's involvement in autistic behaviors, the in vivo imaging of brainstem nuclei needed to test these theories has proven technologically challenging. Using methods to improve brainstem imaging in children, this study set out to elucidate the role of the autonomic, nociceptive, and limbic brainstem nuclei in the autism features of 145 children (74 autistic children, 6.0-10.9?years). Participants completed an assessment of core autism features and diffusion- and T1-weighted imaging optimized to improve brainstem images. After data reduction via principal component analysis, correlational analyses examined associations among autism features and the microstructural properties of brainstem clusters. Independent replication was performed in 43 adolescents (24 autistic, 13.0-17.9?years). We found specific nuclei, most robustly the parvicellular reticular formation-alpha (PCRtA) and to a lesser degree the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPB) and ventral tegmental parabrachial pigmented complex (VTA-PBP), to be associated with autism features. The PCRtA and some of the LPB associations were independently found in the replication sample, but the VTA-PBP associations were not. Consistent with theoretical perspectives, the findings suggest that individual differences in pontine reticular formation nuclei contribute to the prominence of autistic features. Specifically, the PCRtA, a nucleus involved in mastication, digestion, and cardio-respiration in animal models, was associated with social communication in children, while the LPB, a pain-network nucleus, was associated with repetitive behaviors. These findings highlight the contributions of key autonomic brainstem nuclei to the expression of core autism features. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3096 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=522 [article] Role of autonomic, nociceptive, and limbic brainstem nuclei in core autism features [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Brittany G. TRAVERS, Auteur ; Olivia SURGENT, Auteur ; Jose GUERRERO-GONZALEZ, Auteur ; Douglas C. DEAN III, Auteur ; Nagesh ADLURU, Auteur ; Steven R. KECSKEMETI, Auteur ; Gregory R. KIRK, Auteur ; Andrew L. ALEXANDER, Auteur ; Jun ZHU, Auteur ; Emily C. SKALETSKI, Auteur ; Sonali NAIK, Auteur ; Monica DURAN, Auteur . - p.266-279. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 17-2 (February 2024) . - p.266-279 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Although multiple theories have speculated about the brainstem reticular formation's involvement in autistic behaviors, the in vivo imaging of brainstem nuclei needed to test these theories has proven technologically challenging. Using methods to improve brainstem imaging in children, this study set out to elucidate the role of the autonomic, nociceptive, and limbic brainstem nuclei in the autism features of 145 children (74 autistic children, 6.0-10.9?years). Participants completed an assessment of core autism features and diffusion- and T1-weighted imaging optimized to improve brainstem images. After data reduction via principal component analysis, correlational analyses examined associations among autism features and the microstructural properties of brainstem clusters. Independent replication was performed in 43 adolescents (24 autistic, 13.0-17.9?years). We found specific nuclei, most robustly the parvicellular reticular formation-alpha (PCRtA) and to a lesser degree the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPB) and ventral tegmental parabrachial pigmented complex (VTA-PBP), to be associated with autism features. The PCRtA and some of the LPB associations were independently found in the replication sample, but the VTA-PBP associations were not. Consistent with theoretical perspectives, the findings suggest that individual differences in pontine reticular formation nuclei contribute to the prominence of autistic features. Specifically, the PCRtA, a nucleus involved in mastication, digestion, and cardio-respiration in animal models, was associated with social communication in children, while the LPB, a pain-network nucleus, was associated with repetitive behaviors. These findings highlight the contributions of key autonomic brainstem nuclei to the expression of core autism features. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3096 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=522

Neural correlates of audiovisual narrative speech perception in children and adults on the autism spectrum: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study / Lars A. ROSS in Autism Research, 17-2 (February 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 17-2 (February 2024) . - p.280-310 Titre : Neural correlates of audiovisual narrative speech perception in children and adults on the autism spectrum: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lars A. ROSS, Auteur ; Sophie MOLHOLM, Auteur ; John S. BUTLER, Auteur ; Victor A. DEL BENE, Auteur ; Tufikameni BRIMA, Auteur ; John J. FOXE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.280-310 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Autistic individuals show substantially reduced benefit from observing visual articulations during audiovisual speech perception, a multisensory integration deficit that is particularly relevant to social communication. This has mostly been studied using simple syllabic or word-level stimuli and it remains unclear how altered lower-level multisensory integration translates to the processing of more complex natural multisensory stimulus environments in autism. Here, functional neuroimaging was used to examine neural correlates of audiovisual gain (AV-gain) in 41 autistic individuals to those of 41 age-matched non-autistic controls when presented with a complex audiovisual narrative. Participants were presented with continuous narration of a story in auditory-alone, visual-alone, and both synchronous and asynchronous audiovisual speech conditions. We hypothesized that previously identified differences in audiovisual speech processing in autism would be characterized by activation differences in brain regions well known to be associated with audiovisual enhancement in neurotypicals. However, our results did not provide evidence for altered processing of auditory alone, visual alone, audiovisual conditions or AV- gain in regions associated with the respective task when comparing activation patterns between groups. Instead, we found that autistic individuals responded with higher activations in mostly frontal regions where the activation to the experimental conditions was below baseline (de-activations) in the control group. These frontal effects were observed in both unisensory and audiovisual conditions, suggesting that these altered activations were not specific to multisensory processing but reflective of more general mechanisms such as an altered disengagement of Default Mode Network processes during the observation of the language stimulus across conditions. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3104 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=522 [article] Neural correlates of audiovisual narrative speech perception in children and adults on the autism spectrum: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lars A. ROSS, Auteur ; Sophie MOLHOLM, Auteur ; John S. BUTLER, Auteur ; Victor A. DEL BENE, Auteur ; Tufikameni BRIMA, Auteur ; John J. FOXE, Auteur . - p.280-310. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 17-2 (February 2024) . - p.280-310 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Autistic individuals show substantially reduced benefit from observing visual articulations during audiovisual speech perception, a multisensory integration deficit that is particularly relevant to social communication. This has mostly been studied using simple syllabic or word-level stimuli and it remains unclear how altered lower-level multisensory integration translates to the processing of more complex natural multisensory stimulus environments in autism. Here, functional neuroimaging was used to examine neural correlates of audiovisual gain (AV-gain) in 41 autistic individuals to those of 41 age-matched non-autistic controls when presented with a complex audiovisual narrative. Participants were presented with continuous narration of a story in auditory-alone, visual-alone, and both synchronous and asynchronous audiovisual speech conditions. We hypothesized that previously identified differences in audiovisual speech processing in autism would be characterized by activation differences in brain regions well known to be associated with audiovisual enhancement in neurotypicals. However, our results did not provide evidence for altered processing of auditory alone, visual alone, audiovisual conditions or AV- gain in regions associated with the respective task when comparing activation patterns between groups. Instead, we found that autistic individuals responded with higher activations in mostly frontal regions where the activation to the experimental conditions was below baseline (de-activations) in the control group. These frontal effects were observed in both unisensory and audiovisual conditions, suggesting that these altered activations were not specific to multisensory processing but reflective of more general mechanisms such as an altered disengagement of Default Mode Network processes during the observation of the language stimulus across conditions. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3104 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=522

Quantitative assessment of tip-toe behavior in individuals with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability: A cross-sectional study / Giulio VALAGUSSA in Autism Research, 17-2 (February 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 17-2 (February 2024) . - p.311-323 Titre : Quantitative assessment of tip-toe behavior in individuals with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability: A cross-sectional study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Giulio VALAGUSSA, Auteur ; Giulia PURPURA, Auteur ; Valeria BALATTI, Auteur ; Luca TRENTIN, Auteur ; Alessio SIGNORI, Auteur ; Enzo GROSSI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.311-323 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract The term "toe walking" describes walking on the toes with a lack of heel strike upon initiation of the stance phase of gait. In individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), this phenomenon, or "tip-toe behavior" (TTB), can be present in a substantial proportion of subjects even during standing. In this study, we investigated TTB in 50 persons with ASD (age range 4-26?years). We evaluated TTB through an observational/report-based assessment protocol. Subsequently, we employed a new structured video-based coding protocol based on standardized video recordings, focusing on static and dynamic conditions. Finally, the findings of the two protocols were compared. Twenty-four subjects with TTB were identified and classified according to three functional groups: TTB1, present only during running (6 subjects); TTB2, present during walking and running (11 subjects); and TTB3, present during standing, walking, and running (7 subjects). Moreover, we found that TTB3 subjects exhibited a significantly higher quantity of TTB compared with subjects in the TTB1 and TTB2 groups during both standing and walking tests. Additionally, a high quantity of TTB in the static test was found to be related to a high quantity of TTB in the dynamic test. Variables such as age, autism severity, intellectual disability, and gender were not significantly associated with the mean percent of TTB both in static and dynamic tests in multivariate analysis. This structured video-based coding approach appears feasible and useful for assessing TTB in individuals with ASD and it has the potential to provide insights into TTB trajectories and aid in designing possible interventions. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3072 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=522 [article] Quantitative assessment of tip-toe behavior in individuals with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability: A cross-sectional study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Giulio VALAGUSSA, Auteur ; Giulia PURPURA, Auteur ; Valeria BALATTI, Auteur ; Luca TRENTIN, Auteur ; Alessio SIGNORI, Auteur ; Enzo GROSSI, Auteur . - p.311-323. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 17-2 (February 2024) . - p.311-323 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract The term "toe walking" describes walking on the toes with a lack of heel strike upon initiation of the stance phase of gait. In individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), this phenomenon, or "tip-toe behavior" (TTB), can be present in a substantial proportion of subjects even during standing. In this study, we investigated TTB in 50 persons with ASD (age range 4-26?years). We evaluated TTB through an observational/report-based assessment protocol. Subsequently, we employed a new structured video-based coding protocol based on standardized video recordings, focusing on static and dynamic conditions. Finally, the findings of the two protocols were compared. Twenty-four subjects with TTB were identified and classified according to three functional groups: TTB1, present only during running (6 subjects); TTB2, present during walking and running (11 subjects); and TTB3, present during standing, walking, and running (7 subjects). Moreover, we found that TTB3 subjects exhibited a significantly higher quantity of TTB compared with subjects in the TTB1 and TTB2 groups during both standing and walking tests. Additionally, a high quantity of TTB in the static test was found to be related to a high quantity of TTB in the dynamic test. Variables such as age, autism severity, intellectual disability, and gender were not significantly associated with the mean percent of TTB both in static and dynamic tests in multivariate analysis. This structured video-based coding approach appears feasible and useful for assessing TTB in individuals with ASD and it has the potential to provide insights into TTB trajectories and aid in designing possible interventions. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3072 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=522

Verbal fluency and autism: Reframing current data through the lens of monotropism / Alaina GRISSOM in Autism Research, 17-2 (February 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 17-2 (February 2024) . - p.324-337 Titre : Verbal fluency and autism: Reframing current data through the lens of monotropism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Alaina GRISSOM, Auteur ; Erinn FINKE, Auteur ; Emily ZANE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.324-337 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract The purpose of this study was to reexamine research that used verbal fluency tasks to reinforce assumed deficits in word knowledge and retrieval in the autistic population. We identified seventeen articles that compared the performance of autistic and non-autistic people on verbal fluency measures and provided an interpretation of the observed performance. In this narrative review, we summarize many components of these studies, including a comprehensive account of how authors framed their research findings. Overall, results of the studies showed variation both between and within groups in terms of total number of correct words, how many subsequent words fell into subcategories, and how frequently participants switched between subcategories. Despite wide variation in findings across studies, authors consistently interpreted results as revealing or reinforcing autistic deficits. To contrast the deficit narrative, we offer an alternative interpretation of findings by considering how they could provide support for the autistic-led theory of monotropism. This alternative interpretation accounts for the inconsistencies in findings between studies, since wide individual variation in performance is an expected feature of the monotropic theory. We use our review as an exercise in reframing a body of literature from a neurodiversity-affirming perspective. We propose this as a case example and model for how autism research and clinical practice can move away from the consistent narrative of autism deficits that has pervaded our field for decades. Accordingly, we offer suggestions for future research and clinical practice. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3071 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=522 [article] Verbal fluency and autism: Reframing current data through the lens of monotropism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Alaina GRISSOM, Auteur ; Erinn FINKE, Auteur ; Emily ZANE, Auteur . - p.324-337. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 17-2 (February 2024) . - p.324-337 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract The purpose of this study was to reexamine research that used verbal fluency tasks to reinforce assumed deficits in word knowledge and retrieval in the autistic population. We identified seventeen articles that compared the performance of autistic and non-autistic people on verbal fluency measures and provided an interpretation of the observed performance. In this narrative review, we summarize many components of these studies, including a comprehensive account of how authors framed their research findings. Overall, results of the studies showed variation both between and within groups in terms of total number of correct words, how many subsequent words fell into subcategories, and how frequently participants switched between subcategories. Despite wide variation in findings across studies, authors consistently interpreted results as revealing or reinforcing autistic deficits. To contrast the deficit narrative, we offer an alternative interpretation of findings by considering how they could provide support for the autistic-led theory of monotropism. This alternative interpretation accounts for the inconsistencies in findings between studies, since wide individual variation in performance is an expected feature of the monotropic theory. We use our review as an exercise in reframing a body of literature from a neurodiversity-affirming perspective. We propose this as a case example and model for how autism research and clinical practice can move away from the consistent narrative of autism deficits that has pervaded our field for decades. Accordingly, we offer suggestions for future research and clinical practice. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3071 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=522

Social interaction links active musical rhythm engagement and expressive communication in autistic toddlers / Noah R. FRAM in Autism Research, 17-2 (February 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 17-2 (February 2024) . - p.338-354 Titre : Social interaction links active musical rhythm engagement and expressive communication in autistic toddlers Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Noah R. FRAM, Auteur ; Talia LIU, Auteur ; Miriam D. LENSE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.338-354 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Rhythm is implicated in both social and linguistic development. Rhythm perception and production skills are also key vulnerabilities in neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism which impact social communication. However, direct links between musical rhythm engagement and expressive communication in autism is not clearly evident. This absence of a direct connection between rhythm and expressive communication indicates that the mechanism of action between rhythm and expressive communication may recruit other cognitive or developmental factors. We hypothesized that social interactions, including general interpersonal relationships and interactive music-making involving children and caregivers, were a significant such factor, particularly in autism. To test this, we collected data from parents of autistic and nonautistic children 14-36?months of age, including parent reports of their children's rhythmic musical engagement, general social skills, parent-child musical interactions, and expressive communication skills. Path analysis revealed a system of independent, indirect pathways from rhythmic musical engagement to expressive communication via social skills and parent-child musical interactions in autistic toddlers. Such a system implies both that social and musical interactions represent crucial links between rhythm and language and that different kinds of social interactions play parallel, independent roles linking rhythmic musical engagement with expressive communication skills. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3090 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=522 [article] Social interaction links active musical rhythm engagement and expressive communication in autistic toddlers [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Noah R. FRAM, Auteur ; Talia LIU, Auteur ; Miriam D. LENSE, Auteur . - p.338-354. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 17-2 (February 2024) . - p.338-354 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Rhythm is implicated in both social and linguistic development. Rhythm perception and production skills are also key vulnerabilities in neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism which impact social communication. However, direct links between musical rhythm engagement and expressive communication in autism is not clearly evident. This absence of a direct connection between rhythm and expressive communication indicates that the mechanism of action between rhythm and expressive communication may recruit other cognitive or developmental factors. We hypothesized that social interactions, including general interpersonal relationships and interactive music-making involving children and caregivers, were a significant such factor, particularly in autism. To test this, we collected data from parents of autistic and nonautistic children 14-36?months of age, including parent reports of their children's rhythmic musical engagement, general social skills, parent-child musical interactions, and expressive communication skills. Path analysis revealed a system of independent, indirect pathways from rhythmic musical engagement to expressive communication via social skills and parent-child musical interactions in autistic toddlers. Such a system implies both that social and musical interactions represent crucial links between rhythm and language and that different kinds of social interactions play parallel, independent roles linking rhythmic musical engagement with expressive communication skills. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3090 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=522

Sleep problems in children with autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A comparative study and effects on communication skills / Carmen BERENGUER in Autism Research, 17-2 (February 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 17-2 (February 2024) . - p.355-365 Titre : Sleep problems in children with autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A comparative study and effects on communication skills Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Carmen BERENGUER, Auteur ; Inmaculada BAIXAULI, Auteur ; Eva ROSA, Auteur ; Simona DE STASIO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.355-365 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Sleep disturbances are highly prevalent among children with neurodevelopmental disorders, like Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention-Deficit/Hiperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The first objective of this study is to examine the differences in sleep problems between a group of children with ASD without intellectual disabilities, a group with ADHD and a typically developing (TD) group. A second objective is aimed at analyzing the effects of sleep problems and symptom severity on their communication skills. Participants were 122 children between 7 and 12?years old distributed in three groups: 32 TD children, 47 children with ASD and 43 children with ADHD, matched on age and intelligence. Parents completed different questionnaires that measured sleep disturbances and communication skills. Findings show significant differences between the clinical groups and the TD group in most types of sleep disorders. Moreover, the group with ADHD showed significantly more sleep breathing disorders and hyperhidrosis in comparison with ASD and TD, as well as more total sleep problems. In contrast to ASD, the predictive power of sleep problems on communication difficulties was greater in the group with ADHD. The results of the mediation analysis indicate that in both groups, sleep problems partially mediate the relationship between symptoms and communication. This investigation highlights the need of considering sleep disorders when assessing communication skills in ASD and ADHD, given its indirect influence in this domain. Understanding the sleep dysfunctions of both conditions and their repercussions is crucial to develop adjusted interventions. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3077 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=522 [article] Sleep problems in children with autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A comparative study and effects on communication skills [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Carmen BERENGUER, Auteur ; Inmaculada BAIXAULI, Auteur ; Eva ROSA, Auteur ; Simona DE STASIO, Auteur . - p.355-365. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 17-2 (February 2024) . - p.355-365 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Sleep disturbances are highly prevalent among children with neurodevelopmental disorders, like Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention-Deficit/Hiperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The first objective of this study is to examine the differences in sleep problems between a group of children with ASD without intellectual disabilities, a group with ADHD and a typically developing (TD) group. A second objective is aimed at analyzing the effects of sleep problems and symptom severity on their communication skills. Participants were 122 children between 7 and 12?years old distributed in three groups: 32 TD children, 47 children with ASD and 43 children with ADHD, matched on age and intelligence. Parents completed different questionnaires that measured sleep disturbances and communication skills. Findings show significant differences between the clinical groups and the TD group in most types of sleep disorders. Moreover, the group with ADHD showed significantly more sleep breathing disorders and hyperhidrosis in comparison with ASD and TD, as well as more total sleep problems. In contrast to ASD, the predictive power of sleep problems on communication difficulties was greater in the group with ADHD. The results of the mediation analysis indicate that in both groups, sleep problems partially mediate the relationship between symptoms and communication. This investigation highlights the need of considering sleep disorders when assessing communication skills in ASD and ADHD, given its indirect influence in this domain. Understanding the sleep dysfunctions of both conditions and their repercussions is crucial to develop adjusted interventions. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3077 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=522

Seeing through a robot's eyes: A cross-sectional exploratory study in developing a robotic screening technology for autism / Wing-Chee SO in Autism Research, 17-2 (February 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 17-2 (February 2024) . - p.366-380 Titre : Seeing through a robot's eyes: A cross-sectional exploratory study in developing a robotic screening technology for autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Wing-Chee SO, Auteur ; Elsa WONG, Auteur ; Wingo NG, Auteur ; John FUEGO, Auteur ; Sally LAY, Auteur ; Ming-Ting SO, Auteur ; Yuen-Yung LEE, Auteur ; Wai-Yan CHAN, Auteur ; Lok-Ying CHUA, Auteur ; Hiu-Lok LAM, Auteur ; Wing-Tung LAM, Auteur ; Hin-Miu LI, Auteur ; Wing-To LEUNG, Auteur ; Yu-Hei NG, Auteur ; Wing-Ting WONG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.366-380 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract The present exploratory cross-sectional case-control study sought to develop a reliable and scalable screening tool for autism using a social robot. The robot HUMANE, installed with computer vision and linked with recognition technology, detected the direction of eye gaze of children. Children aged 3-8 (M = 5.52; N = 199) participated, 87 of whom had been confirmed with autism, 55 of whom were suspected to have autism, and 57 of whom were not considered to cause any concern for having autism. Before a session, a human experimenter instructed HUMANE to narrate a story to a child. HUMANE prompted the child to return his/her eye gaze to the robot if the child looked away, and praised the child when it re-established its eye gaze quickly after a prompt. The reliability of eye gaze detection was checked across all pairs of human raters and HUMANE and reached 0.90, indicating excellent interrater agreement. Using the pre-specified reference standard (Autism Spectrum Quotient), the sensitivity and specificity of the index tests (i.e., the number of robot prompts and duration of inattentiveness) reached 0.88 or above and the Diagnostic Odds Ratios were beyond 190. These results show that social robots may detect atypical eye patterns, suggesting a potential future for screening autism using social robots. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3087 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=522 [article] Seeing through a robot's eyes: A cross-sectional exploratory study in developing a robotic screening technology for autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Wing-Chee SO, Auteur ; Elsa WONG, Auteur ; Wingo NG, Auteur ; John FUEGO, Auteur ; Sally LAY, Auteur ; Ming-Ting SO, Auteur ; Yuen-Yung LEE, Auteur ; Wai-Yan CHAN, Auteur ; Lok-Ying CHUA, Auteur ; Hiu-Lok LAM, Auteur ; Wing-Tung LAM, Auteur ; Hin-Miu LI, Auteur ; Wing-To LEUNG, Auteur ; Yu-Hei NG, Auteur ; Wing-Ting WONG, Auteur . - p.366-380. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 17-2 (February 2024) . - p.366-380 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract The present exploratory cross-sectional case-control study sought to develop a reliable and scalable screening tool for autism using a social robot. The robot HUMANE, installed with computer vision and linked with recognition technology, detected the direction of eye gaze of children. Children aged 3-8 (M = 5.52; N = 199) participated, 87 of whom had been confirmed with autism, 55 of whom were suspected to have autism, and 57 of whom were not considered to cause any concern for having autism. Before a session, a human experimenter instructed HUMANE to narrate a story to a child. HUMANE prompted the child to return his/her eye gaze to the robot if the child looked away, and praised the child when it re-established its eye gaze quickly after a prompt. The reliability of eye gaze detection was checked across all pairs of human raters and HUMANE and reached 0.90, indicating excellent interrater agreement. Using the pre-specified reference standard (Autism Spectrum Quotient), the sensitivity and specificity of the index tests (i.e., the number of robot prompts and duration of inattentiveness) reached 0.88 or above and the Diagnostic Odds Ratios were beyond 190. These results show that social robots may detect atypical eye patterns, suggesting a potential future for screening autism using social robots. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3087 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=522

Receptive language and receptive-expressive discrepancy in minimally verbal autistic children and adolescents / Yanru CHEN in Autism Research, 17-2 (February 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 17-2 (February 2024) . - p.381-394 Titre : Receptive language and receptive-expressive discrepancy in minimally verbal autistic children and adolescents Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Yanru CHEN, Auteur ; Brynn SILES, Auteur ; Helen TAGER-FLUSBERG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.381-394 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Among the approximately one-third of autistic individuals who experience considerable challenges in acquiring spoken language and are minimally verbal (MV), relatively little is known about the range of their receptive language abilities. This study included 1579 MV autistic children and adolescents between 5 and 18?years of age drawn from the National Database for Autism Research and the SFARI Base data repository. MV autistic children and adolescents demonstrated significantly lower receptive language compared to the norms on standardized language assessment and parent report measures. Moreover, their receptive language gap widened with age. Overall, our sample demonstrated significantly better receptive than expressive language. However, at the individual level, only about 25% of MV autistic children and adolescents demonstrated significantly better receptive language relative to their minimal expressive levels. Social skills explained a significant proportion of the variance in parent-reported receptive language skills, while motor skills were the most significant predictor of greater receptive-expressive discrepancy. Findings from this study revealed the heterogeneous language profiles in MV autistic children and adolescents, underscoring the importance of individualizing interventions to match their different communication strengths and needs and integrating multiple interconnected areas to optimize their overall development of language comprehension, socialization, and general motor skills. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3079 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=522 [article] Receptive language and receptive-expressive discrepancy in minimally verbal autistic children and adolescents [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Yanru CHEN, Auteur ; Brynn SILES, Auteur ; Helen TAGER-FLUSBERG, Auteur . - p.381-394. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 17-2 (February 2024) . - p.381-394 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Among the approximately one-third of autistic individuals who experience considerable challenges in acquiring spoken language and are minimally verbal (MV), relatively little is known about the range of their receptive language abilities. This study included 1579 MV autistic children and adolescents between 5 and 18?years of age drawn from the National Database for Autism Research and the SFARI Base data repository. MV autistic children and adolescents demonstrated significantly lower receptive language compared to the norms on standardized language assessment and parent report measures. Moreover, their receptive language gap widened with age. Overall, our sample demonstrated significantly better receptive than expressive language. However, at the individual level, only about 25% of MV autistic children and adolescents demonstrated significantly better receptive language relative to their minimal expressive levels. Social skills explained a significant proportion of the variance in parent-reported receptive language skills, while motor skills were the most significant predictor of greater receptive-expressive discrepancy. Findings from this study revealed the heterogeneous language profiles in MV autistic children and adolescents, underscoring the importance of individualizing interventions to match their different communication strengths and needs and integrating multiple interconnected areas to optimize their overall development of language comprehension, socialization, and general motor skills. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3079 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=522

Objective assessment of autism spectrum disorder based on performance in structured interpersonal acting-out tasks with prosodic stability and variability / Keiko OCHI in Autism Research, 17-2 (February 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 17-2 (February 2024) . - p.395-409 Titre : Objective assessment of autism spectrum disorder based on performance in structured interpersonal acting-out tasks with prosodic stability and variability Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Keiko OCHI, Auteur ; Masaki KOJIMA, Auteur ; Nobutaka ONO, Auteur ; Miho KURODA, Auteur ; Keiho OWADA, Auteur ; Shigeki SAGAYAMA, Auteur ; Hidenori YAMASUE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.395-409 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract In this study, we sought to objectively and quantitatively characterize the prosodic features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) via the characteristics of prosody in a newly developed structured speech experiment. Male adults with high-functioning ASD and age/intelligence-matched men with typical development (TD) were asked to read 29 brief scripts aloud in response to preceding auditory stimuli. To investigate whether (1) highly structured acting-out tasks can uncover the prosodic of difference between those with ASD and TD, and (2) the prosodic stableness and flexibleness can be used for objective automatic assessment of ASD, we compared prosodic features such as fundamental frequency, intensity, and mora duration. The results indicate that individuals with ASD exhibit stable pitch registers or volume levels in some affective vocal-expression scenarios, such as those involving anger or sadness, compared with TD and those with TD. However, unstable prosody was observed in some timing control or emphasis tasks in the participants with ASD. Automatic classification of the ASD and TD groups using a support vector machine (SVM) with speech features exhibited an accuracy of 90.4%. A machine learning-based assessment of the degree of ASD core symptoms using support vector regression (SVR) also had good performance. These results may inform the development of a new easy-to-use assessment tool for ASD core symptoms using recorded audio signals. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3080 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=522 [article] Objective assessment of autism spectrum disorder based on performance in structured interpersonal acting-out tasks with prosodic stability and variability [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Keiko OCHI, Auteur ; Masaki KOJIMA, Auteur ; Nobutaka ONO, Auteur ; Miho KURODA, Auteur ; Keiho OWADA, Auteur ; Shigeki SAGAYAMA, Auteur ; Hidenori YAMASUE, Auteur . - p.395-409. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 17-2 (February 2024) . - p.395-409 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract In this study, we sought to objectively and quantitatively characterize the prosodic features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) via the characteristics of prosody in a newly developed structured speech experiment. Male adults with high-functioning ASD and age/intelligence-matched men with typical development (TD) were asked to read 29 brief scripts aloud in response to preceding auditory stimuli. To investigate whether (1) highly structured acting-out tasks can uncover the prosodic of difference between those with ASD and TD, and (2) the prosodic stableness and flexibleness can be used for objective automatic assessment of ASD, we compared prosodic features such as fundamental frequency, intensity, and mora duration. The results indicate that individuals with ASD exhibit stable pitch registers or volume levels in some affective vocal-expression scenarios, such as those involving anger or sadness, compared with TD and those with TD. However, unstable prosody was observed in some timing control or emphasis tasks in the participants with ASD. Automatic classification of the ASD and TD groups using a support vector machine (SVM) with speech features exhibited an accuracy of 90.4%. A machine learning-based assessment of the degree of ASD core symptoms using support vector regression (SVR) also had good performance. These results may inform the development of a new easy-to-use assessment tool for ASD core symptoms using recorded audio signals. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3080 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=522

Large increase in ASD prevalence in Israel between 2017 and 2021 / Ilan DINSTEIN in Autism Research, 17-2 (February 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 17-2 (February 2024) . - p.410-418 Titre : Large increase in ASD prevalence in Israel between 2017 and 2021 Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ilan DINSTEIN, Auteur ; Shirley SOLOMON, Auteur ; Michael ZATS, Auteur ; Ronit SHUSEL, Auteur ; Raphael LOTTNER, Auteur ; Bella Ben GERSHON, Auteur ; Gal MEIRI, Auteur ; Idan MENASHE, Auteur ; Dorit SHMUELI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.410-418 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Accurate estimation of annual changes in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) prevalence is critical for planning the expansion of diagnostic, education, and intervention services at an adequate rate. Previous studies from Israel have reported that ASD prevalence among 8-year-old children has increased from estimates of 0.3% in 2008 to 0.65% in 2015 and 1.3% in 2018. Here, we analyzed data acquired from the National Insurance Institute of Israeli (NII), a governmental organization that approves and monitors all ASD children who receive welfare services in Israel, and Clalit Health Services (CHS), the largest Health Maintenance Organization in Israel that provides health services to ~52% of the population. Data from both sources included annual data files from 2017 to 2021 containing the number of ASD cases per year of birth for 1-17-year-old children. This allowed us to estimate annual ASD prevalence among 3.5?million children born between 2000 and 2020 in Israel. Both data sources revealed a nearly two-fold increase in ASD prevalence among 1-17-year-old children from 2017 to 2021. Estimated prevalence rates differed across age groups with 2-3-year-old (day-care) children increasing from 0.27% to 1.19% (>4 fold change), 4-6-year-old (pre-school) children increasing from 0.8% to 1.83%, and 8-year-old children increasing from 0.82% to 1.56% in NII data. These results demonstrate that autism prevalence continues to increase in Israel with a shift towards diagnosis at earlier ages. These findings highlight the challenge facing health and education service providers in meeting the needs of a rapidly growing autism population. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3085 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=522 [article] Large increase in ASD prevalence in Israel between 2017 and 2021 [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ilan DINSTEIN, Auteur ; Shirley SOLOMON, Auteur ; Michael ZATS, Auteur ; Ronit SHUSEL, Auteur ; Raphael LOTTNER, Auteur ; Bella Ben GERSHON, Auteur ; Gal MEIRI, Auteur ; Idan MENASHE, Auteur ; Dorit SHMUELI, Auteur . - p.410-418. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 17-2 (February 2024) . - p.410-418 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Accurate estimation of annual changes in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) prevalence is critical for planning the expansion of diagnostic, education, and intervention services at an adequate rate. Previous studies from Israel have reported that ASD prevalence among 8-year-old children has increased from estimates of 0.3% in 2008 to 0.65% in 2015 and 1.3% in 2018. Here, we analyzed data acquired from the National Insurance Institute of Israeli (NII), a governmental organization that approves and monitors all ASD children who receive welfare services in Israel, and Clalit Health Services (CHS), the largest Health Maintenance Organization in Israel that provides health services to ~52% of the population. Data from both sources included annual data files from 2017 to 2021 containing the number of ASD cases per year of birth for 1-17-year-old children. This allowed us to estimate annual ASD prevalence among 3.5?million children born between 2000 and 2020 in Israel. Both data sources revealed a nearly two-fold increase in ASD prevalence among 1-17-year-old children from 2017 to 2021. Estimated prevalence rates differed across age groups with 2-3-year-old (day-care) children increasing from 0.27% to 1.19% (>4 fold change), 4-6-year-old (pre-school) children increasing from 0.8% to 1.83%, and 8-year-old children increasing from 0.82% to 1.56% in NII data. These results demonstrate that autism prevalence continues to increase in Israel with a shift towards diagnosis at earlier ages. These findings highlight the challenge facing health and education service providers in meeting the needs of a rapidly growing autism population. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3085 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=522

Vowel distinctiveness as a concurrent predictor of expressive language function in autistic children / Paul J. SIMEONE in Autism Research, 17-2 (February 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 17-2 (February 2024) . - p.419-431 Titre : Vowel distinctiveness as a concurrent predictor of expressive language function in autistic children Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Paul J. SIMEONE, Auteur ; Jordan R. GREEN, Auteur ; Helen TAGER-FLUSBERG, Auteur ; Karen V. CHENAUSKY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.419-431 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Speech ability may limit spoken language development in some minimally verbal autistic children. In this study, we aimed to determine whether an acoustic measure of speech production, vowel distinctiveness, is concurrently related to expressive language (EL) for autistic children. Syllables containing the vowels [i] and [a] were recorded remotely from 27 autistic children (4;1-7;11) with a range of spoken language abilities. Vowel distinctiveness was calculated using automatic formant tracking software. Robust hierarchical regressions were conducted with receptive language (RL) and vowel distinctiveness as predictors of EL. Hierarchical regressions were also conducted within a High EL and a Low EL subgroup. Vowel distinctiveness accounted for 29% of the variance in EL for the entire group, RL for 38%. For the Low EL group, only vowel distinctiveness was significant, accounting for 38% of variance in EL. Conversely, in the High EL group, only RL was significant and accounted for 26% of variance in EL. Replicating previous results, speech production and RL significantly predicted concurrent EL in autistic children, with speech production being the sole significant predictor for the Low EL group and RL the sole significant predictor for the High EL group. Further work is needed to determine whether vowel distinctiveness longitudinally, as well as concurrently, predicts EL. Findings have important implications for the early identification of language impairment and in developing language interventions for autistic children. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3102 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=522 [article] Vowel distinctiveness as a concurrent predictor of expressive language function in autistic children [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Paul J. SIMEONE, Auteur ; Jordan R. GREEN, Auteur ; Helen TAGER-FLUSBERG, Auteur ; Karen V. CHENAUSKY, Auteur . - p.419-431. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 17-2 (February 2024) . - p.419-431 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Speech ability may limit spoken language development in some minimally verbal autistic children. In this study, we aimed to determine whether an acoustic measure of speech production, vowel distinctiveness, is concurrently related to expressive language (EL) for autistic children. Syllables containing the vowels [i] and [a] were recorded remotely from 27 autistic children (4;1-7;11) with a range of spoken language abilities. Vowel distinctiveness was calculated using automatic formant tracking software. Robust hierarchical regressions were conducted with receptive language (RL) and vowel distinctiveness as predictors of EL. Hierarchical regressions were also conducted within a High EL and a Low EL subgroup. Vowel distinctiveness accounted for 29% of the variance in EL for the entire group, RL for 38%. For the Low EL group, only vowel distinctiveness was significant, accounting for 38% of variance in EL. Conversely, in the High EL group, only RL was significant and accounted for 26% of variance in EL. Replicating previous results, speech production and RL significantly predicted concurrent EL in autistic children, with speech production being the sole significant predictor for the Low EL group and RL the sole significant predictor for the High EL group. Further work is needed to determine whether vowel distinctiveness longitudinally, as well as concurrently, predicts EL. Findings have important implications for the early identification of language impairment and in developing language interventions for autistic children. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3102 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=522

The impact of measurement on clinical trials: Comparison of preliminary outcomes of a brief mobile intervention for autistic adults using multiple measurement approaches / Annabelle M. MOURNET in Autism Research, 17-2 (February 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 17-2 (February 2024) . - p.432-442 Titre : The impact of measurement on clinical trials: Comparison of preliminary outcomes of a brief mobile intervention for autistic adults using multiple measurement approaches Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Annabelle M. MOURNET, Auteur ; Gabrielle GUNIN, Auteur ; Jacqueline SHINALL, Auteur ; Emily BRENNAN, Auteur ; Nikita JADAV, Auteur ; Emily ISTVAN, Auteur ; Evan M. KLEIMAN, Auteur ; Vanessa H. BAL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.432-442 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Initial studies of the emotional safety plan (ESP), a new, brief telehealth and mobile intervention to support autistic adults to cope with periods of distress, have reported feasibility and acceptability (Bal et al., 2023, Autism, 1-13). Herein we report the preliminary clinical outcomes of thirty-six autistic adults who developed a personalized ESP, with a specific interest in comparing "outcomes" demonstrated by different instruments and assessment frequencies in order to inform outcome measurement in future clinical trials. Comparison of pre-intervention baseline to post-monitoring outcome (pre-post) anxiety symptoms (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 [GAD-7]) and depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9]) revealed medium effect sizes for reduction in symptoms, though, low effect sizes were observed for pre-post Adult Self-report Anxiety and Depressive Problems scales and the Emotion Dysregulation Inventory Reactivity and Dysphoria scales. Weekly assessments showed an initial decrease in GAD-7 anxiety symptoms but no effect on weekly PHQ-9 depressive ratings. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) data suggested that, when participants reported feeling sad or agitated and used the ESP, reduced negative feelings and increased positive states were reported in subsequent EMA. Perhaps not surprisingly, preliminary outcomes of these feasibility trials differed depending on measure chosen. Implications for the design of clinical trials are discussed. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3095 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=522 [article] The impact of measurement on clinical trials: Comparison of preliminary outcomes of a brief mobile intervention for autistic adults using multiple measurement approaches [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Annabelle M. MOURNET, Auteur ; Gabrielle GUNIN, Auteur ; Jacqueline SHINALL, Auteur ; Emily BRENNAN, Auteur ; Nikita JADAV, Auteur ; Emily ISTVAN, Auteur ; Evan M. KLEIMAN, Auteur ; Vanessa H. BAL, Auteur . - p.432-442. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 17-2 (February 2024) . - p.432-442 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Initial studies of the emotional safety plan (ESP), a new, brief telehealth and mobile intervention to support autistic adults to cope with periods of distress, have reported feasibility and acceptability (Bal et al., 2023, Autism, 1-13). Herein we report the preliminary clinical outcomes of thirty-six autistic adults who developed a personalized ESP, with a specific interest in comparing "outcomes" demonstrated by different instruments and assessment frequencies in order to inform outcome measurement in future clinical trials. Comparison of pre-intervention baseline to post-monitoring outcome (pre-post) anxiety symptoms (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 [GAD-7]) and depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9]) revealed medium effect sizes for reduction in symptoms, though, low effect sizes were observed for pre-post Adult Self-report Anxiety and Depressive Problems scales and the Emotion Dysregulation Inventory Reactivity and Dysphoria scales. Weekly assessments showed an initial decrease in GAD-7 anxiety symptoms but no effect on weekly PHQ-9 depressive ratings. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) data suggested that, when participants reported feeling sad or agitated and used the ESP, reduced negative feelings and increased positive states were reported in subsequent EMA. Perhaps not surprisingly, preliminary outcomes of these feasibility trials differed depending on measure chosen. Implications for the design of clinical trials are discussed. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3095 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=522

Correction to "Sleep problems in autism: Sex differences in the school-age population" in Autism Research, 17-2 (February 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 17-2 (February 2024) . - p.443-443 Titre : Correction to "Sleep problems in autism: Sex differences in the school-age population" Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Article en page(s) : p.443-443 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3093 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=523 [article] Correction to "Sleep problems in autism: Sex differences in the school-age population" [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] . - p.443-443. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 17-2 (February 2024) . - p.443-443 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3093 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=523

Correction to "Prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms among autistic individuals, with and without co-occurring intellectual disability" in Autism Research, 17-2 (February 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 17-2 (February 2024) . - p.444-444 Titre : Correction to "Prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms among autistic individuals, with and without co-occurring intellectual disability" Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Article en page(s) : p.444-444 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3098 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=523 [article] Correction to "Prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms among autistic individuals, with and without co-occurring intellectual disability" [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] . - p.444-444. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 17-2 (February 2024) . - p.444-444 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3098 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=523