Genetic and epigenetic signatures associated with plasma oxytocin levels in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder / Stephen K. SIECINSKI in Autism Research, 16-3 (March 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 16-3 (March 2023) . - p.502-523 Titre : Genetic and epigenetic signatures associated with plasma oxytocin levels in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Stephen K. SIECINSKI, Auteur ; Stephanie N. GIAMBERARDINO, Auteur ; Marina SPANOS, Auteur ; Annalise C. HAUSER, Auteur ; Jason R. GIBSON, Auteur ; Tara CHANDRASEKHAR, Auteur ; Maria Del Pilar TRELLES, Auteur ; Carol M. ROCKHILL, Auteur ; Michelle L. PALUMBO, Auteur ; Allyson Witters CUNDIFF, Auteur ; Alicia MONTGOMERY, Auteur ; Paige SIPER, Auteur ; Mendy MINJAREZ, Auteur ; Lisa A. NOWINSKI, Auteur ; Sarah MARLER, Auteur ; Lydia C. KWEE, Auteur ; Lauren C. SHUFFREY, Auteur ; Cheryl ALDERMAN, Auteur ; Jordana WEISSMAN, Auteur ; Brooke ZAPPONE, Auteur ; Jennifer E. MULLETT, Auteur ; Hope CROSSON, Auteur ; Natalie HONG, Auteur ; Sheng LUO, Auteur ; Lilin SHE, Auteur ; Manjushri BHAPKAR, Auteur ; Russell DEAN, Auteur ; Abby SCHEER, Auteur ; Jacqueline L. JOHNSON, Auteur ; Bryan H. KING, Auteur ; Christopher J. MCDOUGLE, Auteur ; Kevin B. SANDERS, Auteur ; Soo-Jeong KIM, Auteur ; Alexander KOLEVZON, Auteur ; Jeremy VEENSTRA-VANDERWEELE, Auteur ; Elizabeth R. HAUSER, Auteur ; Linmarie SIKICH, Auteur ; Simon G. GREGORY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.502-523 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Oxytocin (OT), the brain's most abundant neuropeptide, plays an important role in social salience and motivation. Clinical trials of the efficacy of OT in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have reported mixed results due in part to ASD's complex etiology. We investigated whether genetic and epigenetic variation contribute to variable endogenous OT levels that modulate sensitivity to OT therapy. To carry out this analysis, we integrated genome-wide profiles of DNA-methylation, transcriptional activity, and genetic variation with plasma OT levels in 290 participants with ASD enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of OT. Our analysis identified genetic variants with novel association with plasma OT, several of which reside in known ASD risk genes. We also show subtle but statistically significant association of plasma OT levels with peripheral transcriptional activity and DNA-methylation profiles across several annotated gene sets. These findings broaden our understanding of the effects of the peripheral oxytocin system and provide novel genetic candidates for future studies to decode the complex etiology of ASD and its interaction with OT signaling and OT-based interventions. Lay Summary Oxytocin (OT) is an abundant chemical produced by neurons that plays an important role in social interaction and motivation. We investigated whether genetic and epigenetic factors contribute to variable OT levels in the blood. To this, we integrated genetic, gene expression, and non-DNA regulated (epigenetic) signatures with blood OT levels in 290 participants with autism enrolled in an OT clinical trial. We identified genetic association with plasma OT, several of which reside in known autism risk genes. We also show statistically significant association of plasma OT levels with gene expression and epigenetic across several gene pathways. These findings broaden our understanding of the factors that influence OT levels in the blood for future studies to decode the complex presentation of autism and its interaction with OT and OT-based treatment. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2884 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=498 [article] Genetic and epigenetic signatures associated with plasma oxytocin levels in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Stephen K. SIECINSKI, Auteur ; Stephanie N. GIAMBERARDINO, Auteur ; Marina SPANOS, Auteur ; Annalise C. HAUSER, Auteur ; Jason R. GIBSON, Auteur ; Tara CHANDRASEKHAR, Auteur ; Maria Del Pilar TRELLES, Auteur ; Carol M. ROCKHILL, Auteur ; Michelle L. PALUMBO, Auteur ; Allyson Witters CUNDIFF, Auteur ; Alicia MONTGOMERY, Auteur ; Paige SIPER, Auteur ; Mendy MINJAREZ, Auteur ; Lisa A. NOWINSKI, Auteur ; Sarah MARLER, Auteur ; Lydia C. KWEE, Auteur ; Lauren C. SHUFFREY, Auteur ; Cheryl ALDERMAN, Auteur ; Jordana WEISSMAN, Auteur ; Brooke ZAPPONE, Auteur ; Jennifer E. MULLETT, Auteur ; Hope CROSSON, Auteur ; Natalie HONG, Auteur ; Sheng LUO, Auteur ; Lilin SHE, Auteur ; Manjushri BHAPKAR, Auteur ; Russell DEAN, Auteur ; Abby SCHEER, Auteur ; Jacqueline L. JOHNSON, Auteur ; Bryan H. KING, Auteur ; Christopher J. MCDOUGLE, Auteur ; Kevin B. SANDERS, Auteur ; Soo-Jeong KIM, Auteur ; Alexander KOLEVZON, Auteur ; Jeremy VEENSTRA-VANDERWEELE, Auteur ; Elizabeth R. HAUSER, Auteur ; Linmarie SIKICH, Auteur ; Simon G. GREGORY, Auteur . - p.502-523. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 16-3 (March 2023) . - p.502-523 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Oxytocin (OT), the brain's most abundant neuropeptide, plays an important role in social salience and motivation. Clinical trials of the efficacy of OT in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have reported mixed results due in part to ASD's complex etiology. We investigated whether genetic and epigenetic variation contribute to variable endogenous OT levels that modulate sensitivity to OT therapy. To carry out this analysis, we integrated genome-wide profiles of DNA-methylation, transcriptional activity, and genetic variation with plasma OT levels in 290 participants with ASD enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of OT. Our analysis identified genetic variants with novel association with plasma OT, several of which reside in known ASD risk genes. We also show subtle but statistically significant association of plasma OT levels with peripheral transcriptional activity and DNA-methylation profiles across several annotated gene sets. These findings broaden our understanding of the effects of the peripheral oxytocin system and provide novel genetic candidates for future studies to decode the complex etiology of ASD and its interaction with OT signaling and OT-based interventions. Lay Summary Oxytocin (OT) is an abundant chemical produced by neurons that plays an important role in social interaction and motivation. We investigated whether genetic and epigenetic factors contribute to variable OT levels in the blood. To this, we integrated genetic, gene expression, and non-DNA regulated (epigenetic) signatures with blood OT levels in 290 participants with autism enrolled in an OT clinical trial. We identified genetic association with plasma OT, several of which reside in known autism risk genes. We also show statistically significant association of plasma OT levels with gene expression and epigenetic across several gene pathways. These findings broaden our understanding of the factors that influence OT levels in the blood for future studies to decode the complex presentation of autism and its interaction with OT and OT-based treatment. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2884 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=498

Meeting the Mental Health Needs of College Students with ASD: A Survey of University and College Counseling Center Directors / Qin HU in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51-1 (January 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 51-1 (January 2021) . - p.341-345 Titre : Meeting the Mental Health Needs of College Students with ASD: A Survey of University and College Counseling Center Directors Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Qin HU, Auteur ; Tara CHANDRASEKHAR, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.341-345 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  College mental health  University counseling center Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : An increasing number of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are enrolling in post-secondary education. Though many students may use services provided by university and college counseling centers (UCCCs), little is known about the landscape of care for students with ASD in this setting. UCCC directors (n?=?79) completed an online survey to assess current utilization, clinician experience with ASD, and campus collaborations. While the majority of directors (69.7%) reported an increase in students with ASD requesting mental health services at their centers, the survey identified a discrepancy between their intention to improve services and current reported levels of expertise, training, and resources. Directors identified barriers to improving UCCC services to students with ASD, providing direction for future improvement. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04530-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=438 [article] Meeting the Mental Health Needs of College Students with ASD: A Survey of University and College Counseling Center Directors [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Qin HU, Auteur ; Tara CHANDRASEKHAR, Auteur . - p.341-345. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 51-1 (January 2021) . - p.341-345 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  College mental health  University counseling center Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : An increasing number of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are enrolling in post-secondary education. Though many students may use services provided by university and college counseling centers (UCCCs), little is known about the landscape of care for students with ASD in this setting. UCCC directors (n?=?79) completed an online survey to assess current utilization, clinician experience with ASD, and campus collaborations. While the majority of directors (69.7%) reported an increase in students with ASD requesting mental health services at their centers, the survey identified a discrepancy between their intention to improve services and current reported levels of expertise, training, and resources. Directors identified barriers to improving UCCC services to students with ASD, providing direction for future improvement. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04530-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=438

Pragmatic adaptations of telehealth-delivered caregiver coaching for children with autism in the context of COVID-19: Perspectives from the United States and South Africa / L. FRANZ in Autism, 26-1 (January 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 26-1 (January 2022) . - p.270-275 Titre : Pragmatic adaptations of telehealth-delivered caregiver coaching for children with autism in the context of COVID-19: Perspectives from the United States and South Africa Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : L. FRANZ, Auteur ; J. HOWARD, Auteur ; M. VILJOEN, Auteur ; L. SIKICH, Auteur ; Tara CHANDRASEKHAR, Auteur ; S. H. KOLLINS, Auteur ; L. LEE, Auteur ; M. NDLOVU, Auteur ; Maura SABATOS-DEVITO, Auteur ; N. SERIS, Auteur ; N. SHABALALA, Auteur ; M. SPANOS, Auteur ; P. J. DE VRIES, Auteur ; G. DAWSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.270-275 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/therapy  Autistic Disorder  Covid-19  Caregivers  Child  Humans  Mentoring  SARS-CoV-2  South Africa  Telemedicine  United States  adaptation  autism spectrum disorder  caregiver coaching  digital divide  telehealth  Research and Development, Akili Interactive, LabCorp, Inc, Roche Pharmaceutical  Company, and Tris Pharma, is a consultant for Apple, Inc., Gerson Lehrman Group,  Guidepoint, Inc, Axial Ventures, Teva Pharmaceutical, and is CEO of DASIO, LLC. She  has received book royalties from Guilford Press, Oxford University Press, and  Springer Nature Press. Howard reports personal fees from Roche. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : COVID-19 caused many autism spectrum disorder caregiver-coaching studies to move to telehealth. Telehealth can increase the diversity of people who take part in research. This matters because most autism spectrum disorder studies have included people who have resources, are White, and live in North America and Europe. When study participants are similar, it is hard to understand which interventions can help different types of people who live in different parts of the world. While telehealth may allow more people to take part in research, it needs to "fit" the local context and consider the "digital divide" because many people around the world have no access to computers and the Internet. This short report describes changes to two research studies that include caregiver coaching based on the Early Start Denver Model in the United States and South Africa. We describe how the local context, including technology and Internet access, guided the telehealth approach. By doing so, we highlight ways to make telehealth available to more people around the world. The pandemic can help us understand how telehealth can "fit" diverse places and support high-quality research. It is important that study changes are tracked and we assess how well the changes work. COVID-19 telehealth changes to caregiver coaching can result in new ways to reach more people around the world. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613211022585 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=451 [article] Pragmatic adaptations of telehealth-delivered caregiver coaching for children with autism in the context of COVID-19: Perspectives from the United States and South Africa [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / L. FRANZ, Auteur ; J. HOWARD, Auteur ; M. VILJOEN, Auteur ; L. SIKICH, Auteur ; Tara CHANDRASEKHAR, Auteur ; S. H. KOLLINS, Auteur ; L. LEE, Auteur ; M. NDLOVU, Auteur ; Maura SABATOS-DEVITO, Auteur ; N. SERIS, Auteur ; N. SHABALALA, Auteur ; M. SPANOS, Auteur ; P. J. DE VRIES, Auteur ; G. DAWSON, Auteur . - p.270-275. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 26-1 (January 2022) . - p.270-275 Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/therapy  Autistic Disorder  Covid-19  Caregivers  Child  Humans  Mentoring  SARS-CoV-2  South Africa  Telemedicine  United States  adaptation  autism spectrum disorder  caregiver coaching  digital divide  telehealth  Research and Development, Akili Interactive, LabCorp, Inc, Roche Pharmaceutical  Company, and Tris Pharma, is a consultant for Apple, Inc., Gerson Lehrman Group,  Guidepoint, Inc, Axial Ventures, Teva Pharmaceutical, and is CEO of DASIO, LLC. She  has received book royalties from Guilford Press, Oxford University Press, and  Springer Nature Press. Howard reports personal fees from Roche. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : COVID-19 caused many autism spectrum disorder caregiver-coaching studies to move to telehealth. Telehealth can increase the diversity of people who take part in research. This matters because most autism spectrum disorder studies have included people who have resources, are White, and live in North America and Europe. When study participants are similar, it is hard to understand which interventions can help different types of people who live in different parts of the world. While telehealth may allow more people to take part in research, it needs to "fit" the local context and consider the "digital divide" because many people around the world have no access to computers and the Internet. This short report describes changes to two research studies that include caregiver coaching based on the Early Start Denver Model in the United States and South Africa. We describe how the local context, including technology and Internet access, guided the telehealth approach. By doing so, we highlight ways to make telehealth available to more people around the world. The pandemic can help us understand how telehealth can "fit" diverse places and support high-quality research. It is important that study changes are tracked and we assess how well the changes work. COVID-19 telehealth changes to caregiver coaching can result in new ways to reach more people around the world. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613211022585 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=451

Prevalence of bias against neurodivergence-related terms in artificial intelligence language models / Sam BRANDSEN in Autism Research, 17-2 (February 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 17-2 (February 2024) . - p.234-248 Titre : Prevalence of bias against neurodivergence-related terms in artificial intelligence language models Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sam BRANDSEN, Auteur ; Tara CHANDRASEKHAR, Auteur ; Lauren FRANZ, Auteur ; Jordan GRAPEL, Auteur ; Geraldine DAWSON, Auteur ; David CARLSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.234-248 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Given the increasing role of artificial intelligence (AI) in many decision-making processes, we investigate the presence of AI bias towards terms related to a range of neurodivergent conditions, including autism, ADHD, schizophrenia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). We use 11 different language model encoders to test the degree to which words related to neurodiversity are associated with groups of words related to danger, disease, badness, and other negative concepts. For each group of words tested, we report the mean strength of association (Word Embedding Association Test [WEAT] score) averaged over all encoders and find generally high levels of bias. Additionally, we show that bias occurs even when testing words associated with autistic or neurodivergent strengths. For example, embedders had a negative average association between words related to autism and words related to honesty, despite honesty being considered a common strength of autistic individuals. Finally, we introduce a sentence similarity ratio test and demonstrate that many sentences describing types of disabilities, for example, "I have autism" or "I have epilepsy," have even stronger negative associations than control sentences such as "I am a bank robber." En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3094 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=522 [article] Prevalence of bias against neurodivergence-related terms in artificial intelligence language models [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sam BRANDSEN, Auteur ; Tara CHANDRASEKHAR, Auteur ; Lauren FRANZ, Auteur ; Jordan GRAPEL, Auteur ; Geraldine DAWSON, Auteur ; David CARLSON, Auteur . - p.234-248. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 17-2 (February 2024) . - p.234-248 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Given the increasing role of artificial intelligence (AI) in many decision-making processes, we investigate the presence of AI bias towards terms related to a range of neurodivergent conditions, including autism, ADHD, schizophrenia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). We use 11 different language model encoders to test the degree to which words related to neurodiversity are associated with groups of words related to danger, disease, badness, and other negative concepts. For each group of words tested, we report the mean strength of association (Word Embedding Association Test [WEAT] score) averaged over all encoders and find generally high levels of bias. Additionally, we show that bias occurs even when testing words associated with autistic or neurodivergent strengths. For example, embedders had a negative average association between words related to autism and words related to honesty, despite honesty being considered a common strength of autistic individuals. Finally, we introduce a sentence similarity ratio test and demonstrate that many sentences describing types of disabilities, for example, "I have autism" or "I have epilepsy," have even stronger negative associations than control sentences such as "I am a bank robber." En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3094 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=522

The effects of intranasal oxytocin on reward circuitry responses in children with autism spectrum disorder / R. K. GREENE in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 10-1 (December 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 10-1 (December 2018) . - 12 p. Titre : The effects of intranasal oxytocin on reward circuitry responses in children with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : R. K. GREENE, Auteur ; M. SPANOS, Auteur ; C. ALDERMAN, Auteur ; E. WALSH, Auteur ; Joshua BIZZELL, Auteur ; M. G. MOSNER, Auteur ; J. L. KINARD, Auteur ; G. D. STUBER, Auteur ; Tara CHANDRASEKHAR, Auteur ; L. C. POLITTE, Auteur ; L. SIKICH, Auteur ; Gabriel S. DICHTER, Auteur Année de publication : 2018 Article en page(s) : 12 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Oxytocin  Reward  fMRI Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Intranasal oxytocin (OT) has been shown to improve social communication functioning of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and, thus, has received considerable interest as a potential ASD therapeutic agent. Although preclinical research indicates that OT modulates the functional output of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system that processes rewards, no clinical brain imaging study to date has examined the effects of OT on this system using a reward processing paradigm. To address this, we used an incentive delay task to examine the effects of a single dose of intranasal OT, versus placebo (PLC), on neural responses to social and nonsocial rewards in children with ASD. METHODS: In this placebo-controlled double-blind study, 28 children and adolescents with ASD (age: M = 13.43 years, SD = 2.36) completed two fMRI scans, one after intranasal OT administration and one after PLC administration. During both scanning sessions, participants completed social and nonsocial incentive delay tasks. Task-based neural activation and connectivity were examined to assess the impact of OT relative to PLC on mesocorticolimbic brain responses to social and nonsocial reward anticipation and outcomes. RESULTS: Central analyses compared the OT and PLC conditions. During nonsocial reward anticipation, there was greater activation in the right nucleus accumbens (NAcc), left anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), bilateral orbital frontal cortex (OFC), left superior frontal cortex, and right frontal pole (FP) during the OT condition relative to PLC. Alternatively, during social reward anticipation and outcomes, there were no significant increases in brain activation during the OT condition relative to PLC. A Treatment Group x Reward Condition interaction revealed relatively greater activation in the right NAcc, right caudate nucleus, left ACC, and right OFC during nonsocial relative to social reward anticipation during the OT condition relative to PLC. Additionally, these analyses revealed greater activation during nonsocial reward outcomes during the OT condition relative to PLC in the right OFC and left FP. Finally, functional connectivity analyses generally revealed changes in frontostriatal connections during the OT condition relative to PLC in response to nonsocial, but not social, rewards. CONCLUSIONS: The effects of intranasal OT administration on mesocorticolimbic brain systems that process rewards in ASD were observable primarily during the processing of nonsocial incentive salience stimuli. These findings have implications for understanding the effects of OT on neural systems that process rewards, as well as for experimental trials of novel ASD treatments developed to ameliorate social communication impairments in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-018-9228-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=386 [article] The effects of intranasal oxytocin on reward circuitry responses in children with autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / R. K. GREENE, Auteur ; M. SPANOS, Auteur ; C. ALDERMAN, Auteur ; E. WALSH, Auteur ; Joshua BIZZELL, Auteur ; M. G. MOSNER, Auteur ; J. L. KINARD, Auteur ; G. D. STUBER, Auteur ; Tara CHANDRASEKHAR, Auteur ; L. C. POLITTE, Auteur ; L. SIKICH, Auteur ; Gabriel S. DICHTER, Auteur . - 2018 . - 12 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 10-1 (December 2018) . - 12 p. Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Oxytocin  Reward  fMRI Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Intranasal oxytocin (OT) has been shown to improve social communication functioning of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and, thus, has received considerable interest as a potential ASD therapeutic agent. Although preclinical research indicates that OT modulates the functional output of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system that processes rewards, no clinical brain imaging study to date has examined the effects of OT on this system using a reward processing paradigm. To address this, we used an incentive delay task to examine the effects of a single dose of intranasal OT, versus placebo (PLC), on neural responses to social and nonsocial rewards in children with ASD. METHODS: In this placebo-controlled double-blind study, 28 children and adolescents with ASD (age: M = 13.43 years, SD = 2.36) completed two fMRI scans, one after intranasal OT administration and one after PLC administration. During both scanning sessions, participants completed social and nonsocial incentive delay tasks. Task-based neural activation and connectivity were examined to assess the impact of OT relative to PLC on mesocorticolimbic brain responses to social and nonsocial reward anticipation and outcomes. RESULTS: Central analyses compared the OT and PLC conditions. During nonsocial reward anticipation, there was greater activation in the right nucleus accumbens (NAcc), left anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), bilateral orbital frontal cortex (OFC), left superior frontal cortex, and right frontal pole (FP) during the OT condition relative to PLC. Alternatively, during social reward anticipation and outcomes, there were no significant increases in brain activation during the OT condition relative to PLC. A Treatment Group x Reward Condition interaction revealed relatively greater activation in the right NAcc, right caudate nucleus, left ACC, and right OFC during nonsocial relative to social reward anticipation during the OT condition relative to PLC. Additionally, these analyses revealed greater activation during nonsocial reward outcomes during the OT condition relative to PLC in the right OFC and left FP. Finally, functional connectivity analyses generally revealed changes in frontostriatal connections during the OT condition relative to PLC in response to nonsocial, but not social, rewards. CONCLUSIONS: The effects of intranasal OT administration on mesocorticolimbic brain systems that process rewards in ASD were observable primarily during the processing of nonsocial incentive salience stimuli. These findings have implications for understanding the effects of OT on neural systems that process rewards, as well as for experimental trials of novel ASD treatments developed to ameliorate social communication impairments in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-018-9228-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=386

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