Autism spectrum disorder in sub-saharan africa: A comprehensive scoping review / Lauren FRANZ in Autism Research, 10-5 (May 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 10-5 (May 2017) . - p.723-749 Titre : Autism spectrum disorder in sub-saharan africa: A comprehensive scoping review Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lauren FRANZ, Auteur ; Nola J. CHAMBERS, Auteur ; Megan VON ISENBURG, Auteur ; Petrus J. DE VRIES, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.723-749 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  autism spectrum disorder  low- and middle-income countries  LMIC  low resource environments  Africa Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is recognized as a global public health concern, yet almost everything we know about ASD comes from high-income countries. Here we performed a scoping review of all research on ASD ever published in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) in order to identify ASD knowledge gaps in this part of the world. Fifty-three publications met inclusion criteria. Themes included the phenotype, genetics and risk factors for ASD in SSA, screening and diagnosis, professional knowledge, interventions for ASD, parental perceptions, and social-cognitive neuroscience. No epidemiological, early intervention, school-based or adult studies were identified. For each identified theme, we aimed to summarize results and make recommendations to fill the knowledge gaps. The quality of study methodologies was generally not high. Few studies used standardized diagnostic instruments, and intervention studies were typically small-scale. Overall, findings suggest a substantial need for large-scale clinical, training, and research programmes to improve the lives of people who live with ASD in SSA. However, SSA also has the potential to make unique and globally-significant contributions to the etiology and treatments of ASD through implementation, interventional, and comparative genomic science. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1766 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=3076 [article] Autism spectrum disorder in sub-saharan africa: A comprehensive scoping review [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lauren FRANZ, Auteur ; Nola J. CHAMBERS, Auteur ; Megan VON ISENBURG, Auteur ; Petrus J. DE VRIES, Auteur . - p.723-749. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 10-5 (May 2017) . - p.723-749 Mots-clés : autism  autism spectrum disorder  low- and middle-income countries  LMIC  low resource environments  Africa Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is recognized as a global public health concern, yet almost everything we know about ASD comes from high-income countries. Here we performed a scoping review of all research on ASD ever published in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) in order to identify ASD knowledge gaps in this part of the world. Fifty-three publications met inclusion criteria. Themes included the phenotype, genetics and risk factors for ASD in SSA, screening and diagnosis, professional knowledge, interventions for ASD, parental perceptions, and social-cognitive neuroscience. No epidemiological, early intervention, school-based or adult studies were identified. For each identified theme, we aimed to summarize results and make recommendations to fill the knowledge gaps. The quality of study methodologies was generally not high. Few studies used standardized diagnostic instruments, and intervention studies were typically small-scale. Overall, findings suggest a substantial need for large-scale clinical, training, and research programmes to improve the lives of people who live with ASD in SSA. However, SSA also has the potential to make unique and globally-significant contributions to the etiology and treatments of ASD through implementation, interventional, and comparative genomic science. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1766 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=3076

Complexity analysis of head movements in autistic toddlers / Pradeep Raj KRISHNAPPA BABU in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 64-1 (January 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 64-1 (January 2023) . - p.156-166 Titre : Complexity analysis of head movements in autistic toddlers Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Pradeep Raj KRISHNAPPA BABU, Auteur ; J. Matias DI MARTINO, Auteur ; Zhuoqing CHANG, Auteur ; Sam PEROCHON, Auteur ; Rachel AIELLO, Auteur ; Kimberly L.H. CARPENTER, Auteur ; Scott COMPTON, Auteur ; Naomi DAVIS, Auteur ; Lauren FRANZ, Auteur ; Steven ESPINOSA, Auteur ; Jacqueline FLOWERS, Auteur ; Geraldine DAWSON, Auteur ; Guillermo SAPIRO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.156-166 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Early differences in sensorimotor functioning have been documented in young autistic children and infants who are later diagnosed with autism. Previous research has demonstrated that autistic toddlers exhibit more frequent head movement when viewing dynamic audiovisual stimuli, compared to neurotypical toddlers. To further explore this behavioral characteristic, in this study, computer vision (CV) analysis was used to measure several aspects of head movement dynamics of autistic and neurotypical toddlers while they watched a set of brief movies with social and nonsocial content presented on a tablet. Methods Data were collected from 457 toddlers, 17-36 months old, during their well-child visit to four pediatric primary care clinics. Forty-one toddlers were subsequently diagnosed with autism. An application (app) displayed several brief movies on a tablet, and the toddlers watched these movies while sitting on their caregiver's lap. The front-facing camera in the tablet recorded the toddlers' behavioral responses. CV was used to measure the participants' head movement rate, movement acceleration, and complexity using multiscale entropy. Results Autistic toddlers exhibited significantly higher rate, acceleration, and complexity in their head movements while watching the movies compared to neurotypical toddlers, regardless of the type of movie content (social vs. nonsocial). The combined features of head movement acceleration and complexity reliably distinguished the autistic and neurotypical toddlers. Conclusions Autistic toddlers exhibit differences in their head movement dynamics when viewing audiovisual stimuli. Higher complexity of their head movements suggests that their movements were less predictable and less stable compared to neurotypical toddlers. CV offers a scalable means of detecting subtle differences in head movement dynamics, which may be helpful in identifying early behaviors associated with autism and providing insight into the nature of sensorimotor differences associated with autism. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13681 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4906 [article] Complexity analysis of head movements in autistic toddlers [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Pradeep Raj KRISHNAPPA BABU, Auteur ; J. Matias DI MARTINO, Auteur ; Zhuoqing CHANG, Auteur ; Sam PEROCHON, Auteur ; Rachel AIELLO, Auteur ; Kimberly L.H. CARPENTER, Auteur ; Scott COMPTON, Auteur ; Naomi DAVIS, Auteur ; Lauren FRANZ, Auteur ; Steven ESPINOSA, Auteur ; Jacqueline FLOWERS, Auteur ; Geraldine DAWSON, Auteur ; Guillermo SAPIRO, Auteur . - p.156-166. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 64-1 (January 2023) . - p.156-166 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Early differences in sensorimotor functioning have been documented in young autistic children and infants who are later diagnosed with autism. Previous research has demonstrated that autistic toddlers exhibit more frequent head movement when viewing dynamic audiovisual stimuli, compared to neurotypical toddlers. To further explore this behavioral characteristic, in this study, computer vision (CV) analysis was used to measure several aspects of head movement dynamics of autistic and neurotypical toddlers while they watched a set of brief movies with social and nonsocial content presented on a tablet. Methods Data were collected from 457 toddlers, 17-36 months old, during their well-child visit to four pediatric primary care clinics. Forty-one toddlers were subsequently diagnosed with autism. An application (app) displayed several brief movies on a tablet, and the toddlers watched these movies while sitting on their caregiver's lap. The front-facing camera in the tablet recorded the toddlers' behavioral responses. CV was used to measure the participants' head movement rate, movement acceleration, and complexity using multiscale entropy. Results Autistic toddlers exhibited significantly higher rate, acceleration, and complexity in their head movements while watching the movies compared to neurotypical toddlers, regardless of the type of movie content (social vs. nonsocial). The combined features of head movement acceleration and complexity reliably distinguished the autistic and neurotypical toddlers. Conclusions Autistic toddlers exhibit differences in their head movement dynamics when viewing audiovisual stimuli. Higher complexity of their head movements suggests that their movements were less predictable and less stable compared to neurotypical toddlers. CV offers a scalable means of detecting subtle differences in head movement dynamics, which may be helpful in identifying early behaviors associated with autism and providing insight into the nature of sensorimotor differences associated with autism. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13681 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4906

Conducting caregiver focus groups on autism in the context of an international research collaboration: Logistical and methodological lessons learned in South Africa / Jessy GULER in Autism, 27-3 (April 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 27-3 (April 2023) . - p.751-761 Titre : Conducting caregiver focus groups on autism in the context of an international research collaboration: Logistical and methodological lessons learned in South Africa Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jessy GULER, Auteur ; Kearsley A STEWART, Auteur ; Petrus J DE VRIES, Auteur ; Noleen SERIS, Auteur ; Nokuthula SHABALALA, Auteur ; Lauren FRANZ, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.751-761 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders,caregivers,focus group discussions,logistical challenges,qualitative research,research ethics,research methods Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Most autism research has been conducted in high-income countries, with participants typically from White, upper-middle-income families. Given the disparities experienced by autistic individuals living in underserved communities globally, there is a critical need for research to include individuals from culturally, linguistically, socioeconomically, and geographically diverse backgrounds to understand their unique needs. Qualitative research has the potential to describe the ''lived experience'' of families historically underrepresented in the autism literature. Here we describe the logistical and methodological challenges of conducting focus group discussions with 22 caregivers of young autistic children living in Cape Town, South Africa. Logistical challenges included (1) recruitment, (2) response rate, and (3) resource access. Methodological challenges included (1) participant background and experiences, (2) interpersonal dynamics, and (3) research ethics. We present recommendations based on lessons learned to reduce these challenges and improve rigorous qualitative research practices in similar low-resource contexts.Lay abstractMost of the autism research to date has been conducted in high-income countries, with children and families typically from White, upper-middle-income backgrounds. However, we know there are significant inequalities that exist which influence how autistic individuals from diverse, underserved communities can access services they need. As many of these individuals have not been included in the majority of autism research to date, there is much we do not know about these individuals' life experiences, which are critically needed to better inform the development and implementation of care for families from historically underrepresented groups. In this article, we describe the research process we took to conduct focus group discussions with 22 caregivers of young autistic children living in Cape Town, South Africa. We specifically describe the lessons we learned in implementing these focus groups and provide recommendations aimed at how to best reduce logistical and methodological challenges moving forward to improve research conducted in similar low-resource contexts. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1177/13623613221117012 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4993 [article] Conducting caregiver focus groups on autism in the context of an international research collaboration: Logistical and methodological lessons learned in South Africa [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jessy GULER, Auteur ; Kearsley A STEWART, Auteur ; Petrus J DE VRIES, Auteur ; Noleen SERIS, Auteur ; Nokuthula SHABALALA, Auteur ; Lauren FRANZ, Auteur . - p.751-761. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 27-3 (April 2023) . - p.751-761 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders,caregivers,focus group discussions,logistical challenges,qualitative research,research ethics,research methods Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Most autism research has been conducted in high-income countries, with participants typically from White, upper-middle-income families. Given the disparities experienced by autistic individuals living in underserved communities globally, there is a critical need for research to include individuals from culturally, linguistically, socioeconomically, and geographically diverse backgrounds to understand their unique needs. Qualitative research has the potential to describe the ''lived experience'' of families historically underrepresented in the autism literature. Here we describe the logistical and methodological challenges of conducting focus group discussions with 22 caregivers of young autistic children living in Cape Town, South Africa. Logistical challenges included (1) recruitment, (2) response rate, and (3) resource access. Methodological challenges included (1) participant background and experiences, (2) interpersonal dynamics, and (3) research ethics. We present recommendations based on lessons learned to reduce these challenges and improve rigorous qualitative research practices in similar low-resource contexts.Lay abstractMost of the autism research to date has been conducted in high-income countries, with children and families typically from White, upper-middle-income backgrounds. However, we know there are significant inequalities that exist which influence how autistic individuals from diverse, underserved communities can access services they need. As many of these individuals have not been included in the majority of autism research to date, there is much we do not know about these individuals' life experiences, which are critically needed to better inform the development and implementation of care for families from historically underrepresented groups. In this article, we describe the research process we took to conduct focus group discussions with 22 caregivers of young autistic children living in Cape Town, South Africa. We specifically describe the lessons we learned in implementing these focus groups and provide recommendations aimed at how to best reduce logistical and methodological challenges moving forward to improve research conducted in similar low-resource contexts. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1177/13623613221117012 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4993

Educational classifications of autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability among school-aged children in North Carolina: Associations with race, rurality, and resource availability / Eunsoo Timothy KIM in Autism Research, 14-5 (May 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-5 (May 2021) . - p.1046-1060 Titre : Educational classifications of autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability among school-aged children in North Carolina: Associations with race, rurality, and resource availability Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Eunsoo Timothy KIM, Auteur ; Lauren FRANZ, Auteur ; Danai KASAMBIRA FANNIN, Auteur ; Jill HOWARD, Auteur ; Gary MASLOW, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1046-1060 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  health disparities  intellectual disability  race  rurality Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Disparities exist in the recognition of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID) in racial/ethnic minorities in the United States. This study examined whether rurality, race/ethnicity, and low resource availability are associated with disparities in primary educational classifications of ASD and ID in North Carolina (NC). Descriptive maps were created. Multilevel logistic regression models examined two separate outcomes (mild ID vs. ASD; moderate/severe ID vs. ASD). For the interaction term included in the model (race/ethnicity and residence), predicted probabilities were estimated and plotted. The effects of other covariates were also estimated. Rural counties had fewer students with ASD and a greater number of students with ID compared to urban counties. The majority of students with ASD were non-Hispanic Whites, while the majority of students with ID were non-Hispanic Blacks. Compared to non-Hispanic White students, non-Hispanic Black students were overrepresented in the ID classification and underrepresented in the ASD classification across urban and rural areas. Indicators of low resource availability were also associated with higher probabilities of ID vs. ASD classification. Differences in primary educational classification based on urban-rural divide, race/ethnicity, and resource availability are important to understand as they may point to disparities that could have significant policy and service implications. Because disparities manifest through complex interactions between environmental, socioeconomic and system-level factors, reduction in these disparities will require broader approaches that address structural determinants. Future research should utilize disparity frameworks to understand differences in primary educational classifications of ASD and ID in the context of race/ethnicity and rurality. LAY SUMMARY: Rural counties in North Carolina had fewer students with ASD and a greater number of students with ID compared to urban counties. Compared to non-Hispanic White students, non-Hispanic Black students were over-represented in the ID educational classification and underrepresented in the ASD classification. Differences in classification of ASD and ID based on urban-rural divide, race/ethnicity, and resource availability may point to disparities that could have significant policy and service implications. Autism Res 2021, 14: 1046-1060. © 2021 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals LLC. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2492 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4442 [article] Educational classifications of autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability among school-aged children in North Carolina: Associations with race, rurality, and resource availability [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Eunsoo Timothy KIM, Auteur ; Lauren FRANZ, Auteur ; Danai KASAMBIRA FANNIN, Auteur ; Jill HOWARD, Auteur ; Gary MASLOW, Auteur . - p.1046-1060. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-5 (May 2021) . - p.1046-1060 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  health disparities  intellectual disability  race  rurality Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Disparities exist in the recognition of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID) in racial/ethnic minorities in the United States. This study examined whether rurality, race/ethnicity, and low resource availability are associated with disparities in primary educational classifications of ASD and ID in North Carolina (NC). Descriptive maps were created. Multilevel logistic regression models examined two separate outcomes (mild ID vs. ASD; moderate/severe ID vs. ASD). For the interaction term included in the model (race/ethnicity and residence), predicted probabilities were estimated and plotted. The effects of other covariates were also estimated. Rural counties had fewer students with ASD and a greater number of students with ID compared to urban counties. The majority of students with ASD were non-Hispanic Whites, while the majority of students with ID were non-Hispanic Blacks. Compared to non-Hispanic White students, non-Hispanic Black students were overrepresented in the ID classification and underrepresented in the ASD classification across urban and rural areas. Indicators of low resource availability were also associated with higher probabilities of ID vs. ASD classification. Differences in primary educational classification based on urban-rural divide, race/ethnicity, and resource availability are important to understand as they may point to disparities that could have significant policy and service implications. Because disparities manifest through complex interactions between environmental, socioeconomic and system-level factors, reduction in these disparities will require broader approaches that address structural determinants. Future research should utilize disparity frameworks to understand differences in primary educational classifications of ASD and ID in the context of race/ethnicity and rurality. LAY SUMMARY: Rural counties in North Carolina had fewer students with ASD and a greater number of students with ID compared to urban counties. Compared to non-Hispanic White students, non-Hispanic Black students were over-represented in the ID educational classification and underrepresented in the ASD classification. Differences in classification of ASD and ID based on urban-rural divide, race/ethnicity, and resource availability may point to disparities that could have significant policy and service implications. Autism Res 2021, 14: 1046-1060. © 2021 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals LLC. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2492 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4442

Eye-tracking measures of social versus nonsocial attention are related to level of social engagement during naturalistic caregiver-child interactions in autistic children / Carla A. WALL in Autism Research, 16-5 (May 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 16-5 (May 2023) . - p.1052-1062 Titre : Eye-tracking measures of social versus nonsocial attention are related to level of social engagement during naturalistic caregiver-child interactions in autistic children Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Carla A. WALL, Auteur ; Maura SABATOS-DEVITO, Auteur ; Lauren FRANZ, Auteur ; Jill HOWARD, Auteur ; Samantha MAJOR, Auteur ; Alexandra BEY, Auteur ; Geraldine DAWSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1052-1062 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Eye-tracking (ET) measures indexing social attention have been proposed as sensitive measures related to autism, but less is known about the relationship between social and nonsocial attention and naturalistic measures of social engagement and whether sex moderates this relationship. This study investigated ET measures of social attention as predictors of social engagement during a naturalistic caregiver-child interaction (CCI). Participants included 132, 2-7-year-old autistic children (77% male) and their caregivers. Participants engaged in a CCI and an ET task in which they viewed a video of an actor making dyadic bids toward the child with toys in the background. Pearson correlations and multiple regression analyzes revealed that ET measures correlated with social engagement behaviors, including degree of attention to the caregiver and objects, joint engagement with the caregiver, and language-based joint engagement. Children who spent more time looking at toys were more likely to be unengaged during social interaction. Those who spent more time looking at the actor's mouth were more likely to engage in coordinated play with and without language. Sex moderated the relationship between time looking at toys and unengagement during play; males who spent more time looking at toys spent more time unengaged during play, whereas females who spent more time looking at toys spent less time unengaged during play. Overall, ET measures of social and nonsocial attention correlated with the level of social engagement during naturalistic play, with some sex differences. Eye-tracking measures that predict interaction patterns may provide insight into promoting social engagement between caregivers and their autistic children and can inform outcome monitoring and intervention development. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2920 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=5039 [article] Eye-tracking measures of social versus nonsocial attention are related to level of social engagement during naturalistic caregiver-child interactions in autistic children [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Carla A. WALL, Auteur ; Maura SABATOS-DEVITO, Auteur ; Lauren FRANZ, Auteur ; Jill HOWARD, Auteur ; Samantha MAJOR, Auteur ; Alexandra BEY, Auteur ; Geraldine DAWSON, Auteur . - p.1052-1062. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 16-5 (May 2023) . - p.1052-1062 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Eye-tracking (ET) measures indexing social attention have been proposed as sensitive measures related to autism, but less is known about the relationship between social and nonsocial attention and naturalistic measures of social engagement and whether sex moderates this relationship. This study investigated ET measures of social attention as predictors of social engagement during a naturalistic caregiver-child interaction (CCI). Participants included 132, 2-7-year-old autistic children (77% male) and their caregivers. Participants engaged in a CCI and an ET task in which they viewed a video of an actor making dyadic bids toward the child with toys in the background. Pearson correlations and multiple regression analyzes revealed that ET measures correlated with social engagement behaviors, including degree of attention to the caregiver and objects, joint engagement with the caregiver, and language-based joint engagement. Children who spent more time looking at toys were more likely to be unengaged during social interaction. Those who spent more time looking at the actor's mouth were more likely to engage in coordinated play with and without language. Sex moderated the relationship between time looking at toys and unengagement during play; males who spent more time looking at toys spent more time unengaged during play, whereas females who spent more time looking at toys spent less time unengaged during play. Overall, ET measures of social and nonsocial attention correlated with the level of social engagement during naturalistic play, with some sex differences. Eye-tracking measures that predict interaction patterns may provide insight into promoting social engagement between caregivers and their autistic children and can inform outcome monitoring and intervention development. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2920 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=5039

Gastrointestinal problems are associated with increased repetitive behaviors but not social communication difficulties in young children with autism spectrum disorders / Payal CHAKRABORTY in Autism, 25-2 (February 2021)  

Permalink

Validation of eye?tracking measures of social attention as a potential biomarker for autism clinical trials / Michael MURIAS in Autism Research, 11-1 (January 2018)  

Permalink

---

1 (1 - 7 / 7)