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Hierarchical Processing in ASD is Driven by Exaggerated Salience Effects, not Local Bias / Ayelet BAISA in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51-2 (February 2021)
[article]
Titre : Hierarchical Processing in ASD is Driven by Exaggerated Salience Effects, not Local Bias Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ayelet BAISA, Auteur ; Carmel MEVORACH, Auteur ; Lilach SHALEV, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.666-676 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) Global perception Hierarchical perception Local perception Navon letters Salience Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The role of relative salience in processing of hierarchical stimuli in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was examined in this study. Participants with ASD and typically developing controls performed a Navon letters task under conditions of global salience, local salience or equal salience of both levels. Results revealed no group differences in level of processing (global or local) and no local bias for ASD. Rather, both groups showed better performance when targets were more salient compared to when distractors were more salient. Importantly, participants with ASD exhibited increased sensitivity to salience at the distractor level. We conclude that inconsistent findings in the context of global/local processing in ASD may stem from such exaggerated salience effects. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04578-1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=440
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 51-2 (February 2021) . - p.666-676[article] Hierarchical Processing in ASD is Driven by Exaggerated Salience Effects, not Local Bias [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ayelet BAISA, Auteur ; Carmel MEVORACH, Auteur ; Lilach SHALEV, Auteur . - p.666-676.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 51-2 (February 2021) . - p.666-676
Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) Global perception Hierarchical perception Local perception Navon letters Salience Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The role of relative salience in processing of hierarchical stimuli in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was examined in this study. Participants with ASD and typically developing controls performed a Navon letters task under conditions of global salience, local salience or equal salience of both levels. Results revealed no group differences in level of processing (global or local) and no local bias for ASD. Rather, both groups showed better performance when targets were more salient compared to when distractors were more salient. Importantly, participants with ASD exhibited increased sensitivity to salience at the distractor level. We conclude that inconsistent findings in the context of global/local processing in ASD may stem from such exaggerated salience effects. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04578-1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=440 The salience of competing nonsocial objects reduces gaze toward social stimuli, but not the eyes, more in typically developing than autistic boys / Xiao-E. CAI in Autism Research, 15-6 (June 2022)
[article]
Titre : The salience of competing nonsocial objects reduces gaze toward social stimuli, but not the eyes, more in typically developing than autistic boys Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Xiao-E. CAI, Auteur ; Jiao LE, Auteur ; Xiao-Jing SHOU, Auteur ; Gao-Wa WU-YUN, Auteur ; Xiao-Xi WANG, Auteur ; Song-Ping HAN, Auteur ; Ji-Sheng HAN, Auteur ; Keith M. KENDRICK, Auteur ; Rong ZHANG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1043-1055 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/psychology Autistic Disorder Child Child, Preschool Eye Movements Eye-Tracking Technology Humans Male Oxytocin arginine-vasopressin autism spectrum disorder eye-tracking salience Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Decreased attention to social information is considered an early emerging symptom of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), although the underlying causes remain controversial. Here we explored the impact of nonsocial object salience on reduced attention to social stimuli in male ASD compared with typically developing (TD) children. Correlations with blood concentrations of neuropeptides linked with social cognition were also investigated. Eye-tracking was performed in 102 preschool-aged boys (50 ASD, 52 TD) using a paradigm with social (faces) versus nonsocial (objects) stimuli presented in pairs in two conditions where nonsocial stimulus salience was varied. Basal oxytocin (OXT) and vasopressin concentrations were measured in blood. Compared with TD boys those with ASD viewed social stimuli less only when they were paired with low-salience nonsocial objects. Additionally, boys with ASD spent less time than TD ones viewing facial features, particularly the eyes. In TD boys, OXT concentrations and cognitive development scores were positively associated with time spent viewing the eye region, whereas for boys with ASD associations with time spent viewing faces were negative. Reduced gaze toward social stimuli in ASD relative to TD individuals may therefore be influenced by how salient the paired nonsocial objects are for the latter. On the other hand, reduced interest in the eyes of faces in boys with ASD is not influenced by how salient competing nonsocial stimuli are. Basal OXT concentrations and cognitive development scores are predictive of time spent viewing social stimuli in TD boys (eyes) and those with ASD (faces) but in the opposite direction. LAY SUMMARY: Children with autism exhibit reduced attention to social paired with nonsocial stimuli compared to typically developing children. Using eye-tracking we show this difference is due to typically developing rather than autistic boys being more influenced by how interesting competing nonsocial objects are. On the other hand, reduced time looking at the eyes in autistic relative to typically developing boys is unaffected by nonsocial object salience. Time spent viewing social stimuli is associated with cognitive development and blood levels of oxytocin. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2714 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=476
in Autism Research > 15-6 (June 2022) . - p.1043-1055[article] The salience of competing nonsocial objects reduces gaze toward social stimuli, but not the eyes, more in typically developing than autistic boys [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Xiao-E. CAI, Auteur ; Jiao LE, Auteur ; Xiao-Jing SHOU, Auteur ; Gao-Wa WU-YUN, Auteur ; Xiao-Xi WANG, Auteur ; Song-Ping HAN, Auteur ; Ji-Sheng HAN, Auteur ; Keith M. KENDRICK, Auteur ; Rong ZHANG, Auteur . - p.1043-1055.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 15-6 (June 2022) . - p.1043-1055
Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/psychology Autistic Disorder Child Child, Preschool Eye Movements Eye-Tracking Technology Humans Male Oxytocin arginine-vasopressin autism spectrum disorder eye-tracking salience Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Decreased attention to social information is considered an early emerging symptom of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), although the underlying causes remain controversial. Here we explored the impact of nonsocial object salience on reduced attention to social stimuli in male ASD compared with typically developing (TD) children. Correlations with blood concentrations of neuropeptides linked with social cognition were also investigated. Eye-tracking was performed in 102 preschool-aged boys (50 ASD, 52 TD) using a paradigm with social (faces) versus nonsocial (objects) stimuli presented in pairs in two conditions where nonsocial stimulus salience was varied. Basal oxytocin (OXT) and vasopressin concentrations were measured in blood. Compared with TD boys those with ASD viewed social stimuli less only when they were paired with low-salience nonsocial objects. Additionally, boys with ASD spent less time than TD ones viewing facial features, particularly the eyes. In TD boys, OXT concentrations and cognitive development scores were positively associated with time spent viewing the eye region, whereas for boys with ASD associations with time spent viewing faces were negative. Reduced gaze toward social stimuli in ASD relative to TD individuals may therefore be influenced by how salient the paired nonsocial objects are for the latter. On the other hand, reduced interest in the eyes of faces in boys with ASD is not influenced by how salient competing nonsocial stimuli are. Basal OXT concentrations and cognitive development scores are predictive of time spent viewing social stimuli in TD boys (eyes) and those with ASD (faces) but in the opposite direction. LAY SUMMARY: Children with autism exhibit reduced attention to social paired with nonsocial stimuli compared to typically developing children. Using eye-tracking we show this difference is due to typically developing rather than autistic boys being more influenced by how interesting competing nonsocial objects are. On the other hand, reduced time looking at the eyes in autistic relative to typically developing boys is unaffected by nonsocial object salience. Time spent viewing social stimuli is associated with cognitive development and blood levels of oxytocin. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2714 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=476 Patterns of Cerebellar Connectivity with Intrinsic Connectivity Networks in Autism Spectrum Disorders / H. M. BEDNARZ in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49-11 (November 2019)
[article]
Titre : Patterns of Cerebellar Connectivity with Intrinsic Connectivity Networks in Autism Spectrum Disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : H. M. BEDNARZ, Auteur ; R. K. KANA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.4498-4514 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Cerebellum Default mode Executive Salience Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There is growing evidence of altered connectivity in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) between the cerebellum and cortex. Three intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs) are especially important to cognitive processing in ASD: the default mode network (DMN), executive control network (ECN), and salience networks (SNs). The goal of this study was to compare resting-state functional connectivity between the cerebellum and the DMN, ECN, and SN in ASD and typically developing children (n = 74, ages 7-12 years). Children with ASD showed stronger connectivity between the ventral DMN and left cerebellar lobules I-IV. No meaningful relationships were observed between ICN-cerebellar functional connectivity and ASD symptoms. These results suggest that the cerebellum contributes to altered network connectivity in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04168-w Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=408
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 49-11 (November 2019) . - p.4498-4514[article] Patterns of Cerebellar Connectivity with Intrinsic Connectivity Networks in Autism Spectrum Disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / H. M. BEDNARZ, Auteur ; R. K. KANA, Auteur . - p.4498-4514.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 49-11 (November 2019) . - p.4498-4514
Mots-clés : Autism Cerebellum Default mode Executive Salience Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There is growing evidence of altered connectivity in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) between the cerebellum and cortex. Three intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs) are especially important to cognitive processing in ASD: the default mode network (DMN), executive control network (ECN), and salience networks (SNs). The goal of this study was to compare resting-state functional connectivity between the cerebellum and the DMN, ECN, and SN in ASD and typically developing children (n = 74, ages 7-12 years). Children with ASD showed stronger connectivity between the ventral DMN and left cerebellar lobules I-IV. No meaningful relationships were observed between ICN-cerebellar functional connectivity and ASD symptoms. These results suggest that the cerebellum contributes to altered network connectivity in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04168-w Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=408 Affective neural response to restricted interests in autism spectrum disorders / Carissa J. CASCIO in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-2 (February 2014)
[article]
Titre : Affective neural response to restricted interests in autism spectrum disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Carissa J. CASCIO, Auteur ; Jennifer H. FOSS-FEIG, Auteur ; Jessica L. HEACOCK, Auteur ; Kimberly B. SCHAUDER, Auteur ; Whitney A. LORING, Auteur ; Baxter P. ROGERS, Auteur ; Jennifer R. PRYWELLER, Auteur ; Cassandra R. NEWSOM, Auteur ; Jurnell COCKHREN, Auteur ; Aize CAO, Auteur ; Scott BOLTON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.162-171 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism restricted interests reward repetitive behavior fMRI insula salience Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Restricted interests are a class of repetitive behavior in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) whose intensity and narrow focus often contribute to significant interference with daily functioning. While numerous neuroimaging studies have investigated executive circuits as putative neural substrates of repetitive behavior, recent work implicates affective neural circuits in restricted interests. We sought to explore the role of affective neural circuits and determine how restricted interests are distinguished from hobbies or interests in typical development. Methods We compared a group of children with ASD to a typically developing (TD) group of children with strong interests or hobbies, employing parent report, an operant behavioral task, and functional imaging with personalized stimuli based on individual interests. Results While performance on the operant task was similar between the two groups, parent report of intensity and interference of interests was significantly higher in the ASD group. Both the ASD and TD groups showed increased BOLD response in widespread affective neural regions to the pictures of their own interest. When viewing pictures of other children's interests, the TD group showed a similar pattern, whereas BOLD response in the ASD group was much more limited. Increased BOLD response in the insula and anterior cingulate cortex distinguished the ASD from the TD group, and parent report of the intensity and interference with daily life of the child's restricted interest predicted insula response. Conclusions While affective neural network response and operant behavior are comparable in typical and restricted interests, the narrowness of focus that clinically distinguishes restricted interests in ASD is reflected in more interference in daily life and aberrantly enhanced insula and anterior cingulate response to individuals’ own interests in the ASD group. These results further support the involvement of affective neural networks in repetitive behaviors in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12147 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=221
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-2 (February 2014) . - p.162-171[article] Affective neural response to restricted interests in autism spectrum disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Carissa J. CASCIO, Auteur ; Jennifer H. FOSS-FEIG, Auteur ; Jessica L. HEACOCK, Auteur ; Kimberly B. SCHAUDER, Auteur ; Whitney A. LORING, Auteur ; Baxter P. ROGERS, Auteur ; Jennifer R. PRYWELLER, Auteur ; Cassandra R. NEWSOM, Auteur ; Jurnell COCKHREN, Auteur ; Aize CAO, Auteur ; Scott BOLTON, Auteur . - p.162-171.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-2 (February 2014) . - p.162-171
Mots-clés : Autism restricted interests reward repetitive behavior fMRI insula salience Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Restricted interests are a class of repetitive behavior in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) whose intensity and narrow focus often contribute to significant interference with daily functioning. While numerous neuroimaging studies have investigated executive circuits as putative neural substrates of repetitive behavior, recent work implicates affective neural circuits in restricted interests. We sought to explore the role of affective neural circuits and determine how restricted interests are distinguished from hobbies or interests in typical development. Methods We compared a group of children with ASD to a typically developing (TD) group of children with strong interests or hobbies, employing parent report, an operant behavioral task, and functional imaging with personalized stimuli based on individual interests. Results While performance on the operant task was similar between the two groups, parent report of intensity and interference of interests was significantly higher in the ASD group. Both the ASD and TD groups showed increased BOLD response in widespread affective neural regions to the pictures of their own interest. When viewing pictures of other children's interests, the TD group showed a similar pattern, whereas BOLD response in the ASD group was much more limited. Increased BOLD response in the insula and anterior cingulate cortex distinguished the ASD from the TD group, and parent report of the intensity and interference with daily life of the child's restricted interest predicted insula response. Conclusions While affective neural network response and operant behavior are comparable in typical and restricted interests, the narrowness of focus that clinically distinguishes restricted interests in ASD is reflected in more interference in daily life and aberrantly enhanced insula and anterior cingulate response to individuals’ own interests in the ASD group. These results further support the involvement of affective neural networks in repetitive behaviors in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12147 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=221 Differential amygdala response to lower face in patients with autistic spectrum disorders: An fMRI study / Makoto ISHITOBI in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 5-2 (April-June 2011)
[article]
Titre : Differential amygdala response to lower face in patients with autistic spectrum disorders: An fMRI study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Makoto ISHITOBI, Auteur ; Hirotaka KOSAKA, Auteur ; Masao OMORI, Auteur ; Yukiko MATSUMURA, Auteur ; Toshio MUNESUE, Auteur ; Kimiko MIZUKAMI, Auteur ; Tomohiro SHIMOYAMA, Auteur ; Tetsuhito MURATA, Auteur ; Norihiro SADATO, Auteur ; Hidehiko OKAZAWA, Auteur ; Yuji WADA, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.910-919 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) Pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) Amygdala Mouth Salience Eye gaze Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Much functional neuroimaging evidence indicates that autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) demonstrate marked brain abnormalities in face processing. Most of these findings were obtained from studies using tasks related to whole faces. However, individuals with ASD tend to rely more on individual parts of the face for identification than on the overall configuration. Therefore, this neuroimaging evidence might reflect differential visual attention systems in face recognition. It was hypothesized that differential brain function is shown between ASD and control participants with face recognition tasks presenting parts of faces separately. Nine adults with high-functioning ASD and 24 age-matched normal comparison participants were studied using a 3T-MR scanner. We investigated brain activation when processing whole faces and parts of faces displaying positive or negative expressions. The control group showed bilateral amygdalae activation to the whole face, but not to parts of the face. The ASD group showed bilateral amygdalae activation to the lower face (mainly mouth region), but not to the whole face and upper face (mainly eye region). These findings suggest that differential amygdala function for face processing exists in ASD. This aberrant amygdala function might cause abnormalities in gaze processing or recognition of emotional expressions, shown clinically in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2010.10.005 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=114
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 5-2 (April-June 2011) . - p.910-919[article] Differential amygdala response to lower face in patients with autistic spectrum disorders: An fMRI study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Makoto ISHITOBI, Auteur ; Hirotaka KOSAKA, Auteur ; Masao OMORI, Auteur ; Yukiko MATSUMURA, Auteur ; Toshio MUNESUE, Auteur ; Kimiko MIZUKAMI, Auteur ; Tomohiro SHIMOYAMA, Auteur ; Tetsuhito MURATA, Auteur ; Norihiro SADATO, Auteur ; Hidehiko OKAZAWA, Auteur ; Yuji WADA, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.910-919.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 5-2 (April-June 2011) . - p.910-919
Mots-clés : Autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) Pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) Amygdala Mouth Salience Eye gaze Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Much functional neuroimaging evidence indicates that autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) demonstrate marked brain abnormalities in face processing. Most of these findings were obtained from studies using tasks related to whole faces. However, individuals with ASD tend to rely more on individual parts of the face for identification than on the overall configuration. Therefore, this neuroimaging evidence might reflect differential visual attention systems in face recognition. It was hypothesized that differential brain function is shown between ASD and control participants with face recognition tasks presenting parts of faces separately. Nine adults with high-functioning ASD and 24 age-matched normal comparison participants were studied using a 3T-MR scanner. We investigated brain activation when processing whole faces and parts of faces displaying positive or negative expressions. The control group showed bilateral amygdalae activation to the whole face, but not to parts of the face. The ASD group showed bilateral amygdalae activation to the lower face (mainly mouth region), but not to the whole face and upper face (mainly eye region). These findings suggest that differential amygdala function for face processing exists in ASD. This aberrant amygdala function might cause abnormalities in gaze processing or recognition of emotional expressions, shown clinically in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2010.10.005 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=114