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Atypical gaze patterns to facial feature areas in autism spectrum disorders reveal age and culture effects: A meta-analysis of eye-tracking studies / X. MA in Autism Research, 14-12 (December 2021)
[article]
Titre : Atypical gaze patterns to facial feature areas in autism spectrum disorders reveal age and culture effects: A meta-analysis of eye-tracking studies Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : X. MA, Auteur ; H. GU, Auteur ; J. ZHAO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2625-2639 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications Child Eye-Tracking Technology Facial Recognition Fixation, Ocular Humans Mouth autism spectrum disorder culture development face processing facial features meta-analysis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Children and adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often present with atypical gaze patterns to others' faces, a finding substantiated throughout the literature. Yet, a quantification of atypical gaze patterns to different facial regions (e.g., eyes versus mouth) in ASD remains controversial. Also few study has investigated how age and culture impacted the pattern of gaze abnormalities in ASD. This research therefore conducted a meta-analysis of eye-tracking studies to evaluate age and culture effect on atypical gaze patterns of face processing in ASD. A total of 75 articles (91 studies) and 4209 individuals (ASD: 2027; controls: 2182) across all age ranges (i.e., childhood through to adulthood) from both Eastern and Western cultures were included in this meta-analysis. Individuals with ASD yielded shorter fixation durations to the eyes than individuals without ASD. Group differences in the time spent fixating on the eyes were not modulated by age, but affected by culture. Effect size in the eastern culture was larger than that in the western culture. In contrast, group differences on time spent looking at the mouth were not significant, but changed with age and modulated by culture. Relative to the neurotypical controls, Western individuals with ASD spent more time looking at the mouth from school age, whereas Eastern individuals with ASD did not gaze longer on mouth until adulthood. These results add to the body of evidence supporting atypical gaze behaviors to eyes in ASD and provide new insights into a potential mouth compensation strategy that develops with age in ASD. LAY SUMMARY: Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often show atypical gaze patterns when looking at others' faces compared to neurotypical individuals. This paper examines the role of age and culture on pattern of gaze abnormalities in individuals with ASD. Results show that reduction of gaze on eyes in ASD is stable across all ages and cultures, while increase of gaze on mouth emerges as individuals with ASD get older. The findings provide a developmental insight to the gaze patterns on the autism spectrum across culture. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2607 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450
in Autism Research > 14-12 (December 2021) . - p.2625-2639[article] Atypical gaze patterns to facial feature areas in autism spectrum disorders reveal age and culture effects: A meta-analysis of eye-tracking studies [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / X. MA, Auteur ; H. GU, Auteur ; J. ZHAO, Auteur . - p.2625-2639.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 14-12 (December 2021) . - p.2625-2639
Mots-clés : Adult Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications Child Eye-Tracking Technology Facial Recognition Fixation, Ocular Humans Mouth autism spectrum disorder culture development face processing facial features meta-analysis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Children and adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often present with atypical gaze patterns to others' faces, a finding substantiated throughout the literature. Yet, a quantification of atypical gaze patterns to different facial regions (e.g., eyes versus mouth) in ASD remains controversial. Also few study has investigated how age and culture impacted the pattern of gaze abnormalities in ASD. This research therefore conducted a meta-analysis of eye-tracking studies to evaluate age and culture effect on atypical gaze patterns of face processing in ASD. A total of 75 articles (91 studies) and 4209 individuals (ASD: 2027; controls: 2182) across all age ranges (i.e., childhood through to adulthood) from both Eastern and Western cultures were included in this meta-analysis. Individuals with ASD yielded shorter fixation durations to the eyes than individuals without ASD. Group differences in the time spent fixating on the eyes were not modulated by age, but affected by culture. Effect size in the eastern culture was larger than that in the western culture. In contrast, group differences on time spent looking at the mouth were not significant, but changed with age and modulated by culture. Relative to the neurotypical controls, Western individuals with ASD spent more time looking at the mouth from school age, whereas Eastern individuals with ASD did not gaze longer on mouth until adulthood. These results add to the body of evidence supporting atypical gaze behaviors to eyes in ASD and provide new insights into a potential mouth compensation strategy that develops with age in ASD. LAY SUMMARY: Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often show atypical gaze patterns when looking at others' faces compared to neurotypical individuals. This paper examines the role of age and culture on pattern of gaze abnormalities in individuals with ASD. Results show that reduction of gaze on eyes in ASD is stable across all ages and cultures, while increase of gaze on mouth emerges as individuals with ASD get older. The findings provide a developmental insight to the gaze patterns on the autism spectrum across culture. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2607 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450
[article]
Titre : Autism and emotional face-viewing Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jakob ÅSBERG JOHNELS, Auteur ; Daniel HOVEY, Auteur ; Nicole ZÜRCHER, Auteur ; Loyse HIPPOLYTE, Auteur ; Eric LEMONNIER, Auteur ; Christopher GILLBERG, Auteur ; Nouchine HADJIKHANI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.901-910 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism eye-tracking mouth face autism quotient social endophenotype Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Atypical patterns of face-scanning in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may contribute to difficulties in social interactions, but there is little agreement regarding what exactly characterizes face-viewing in ASD. In addition, little research has examined how face-viewing is modulated by the emotional expression of the stimuli, in individuals with or without ASD. We used eye-tracking to explore viewing patterns during perception of dynamic emotional facial expressions in relatively large groups of individuals with (n?=?57) and without ASD (n?=?58) and examined diagnostic- and age-related effects, after subgrouping children and adolescents (?18 years), on the one hand, and adults (>18 years), on the other. Results showed that children/adolescents with ASD fixated the mouth of happy and angry faces less than their typically developing (TD) peers, and conversely looked more to the eyes of happy faces. Moreover, while all groups fixated the mouth in happy faces more than in other expressions, children/adolescents with ASD did relatively less so. Correlation analysis showed a similar lack of relative orientation towards the mouth of smiling faces in TD children/adolescents with high autistic traits, as measured by the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ). Among adults, participants with ASD only attended less to the eyes for neutral faces. Our study shows that the emotional content of a face influences gaze behaviour, and that this effect is not fully developed in children/adolescents with ASD. Interestingly, this lack of differentiation observed in the younger ASD group was also seen in younger TD individuals with higher AQ scores. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1730 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=307
in Autism Research > 10-5 (May 2017) . - p.901-910[article] Autism and emotional face-viewing [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jakob ÅSBERG JOHNELS, Auteur ; Daniel HOVEY, Auteur ; Nicole ZÜRCHER, Auteur ; Loyse HIPPOLYTE, Auteur ; Eric LEMONNIER, Auteur ; Christopher GILLBERG, Auteur ; Nouchine HADJIKHANI, Auteur . - p.901-910.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 10-5 (May 2017) . - p.901-910
Mots-clés : autism eye-tracking mouth face autism quotient social endophenotype Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Atypical patterns of face-scanning in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may contribute to difficulties in social interactions, but there is little agreement regarding what exactly characterizes face-viewing in ASD. In addition, little research has examined how face-viewing is modulated by the emotional expression of the stimuli, in individuals with or without ASD. We used eye-tracking to explore viewing patterns during perception of dynamic emotional facial expressions in relatively large groups of individuals with (n?=?57) and without ASD (n?=?58) and examined diagnostic- and age-related effects, after subgrouping children and adolescents (?18 years), on the one hand, and adults (>18 years), on the other. Results showed that children/adolescents with ASD fixated the mouth of happy and angry faces less than their typically developing (TD) peers, and conversely looked more to the eyes of happy faces. Moreover, while all groups fixated the mouth in happy faces more than in other expressions, children/adolescents with ASD did relatively less so. Correlation analysis showed a similar lack of relative orientation towards the mouth of smiling faces in TD children/adolescents with high autistic traits, as measured by the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ). Among adults, participants with ASD only attended less to the eyes for neutral faces. Our study shows that the emotional content of a face influences gaze behaviour, and that this effect is not fully developed in children/adolescents with ASD. Interestingly, this lack of differentiation observed in the younger ASD group was also seen in younger TD individuals with higher AQ scores. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1730 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=307 Differential amygdala response to lower face in patients with autistic spectrum disorders: An fMRI study / Makoto ISHITOBI in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 5-2 (April-June 2011)
[article]
Titre : Differential amygdala response to lower face in patients with autistic spectrum disorders: An fMRI study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Makoto ISHITOBI, Auteur ; Hirotaka KOSAKA, Auteur ; Masao OMORI, Auteur ; Yukiko MATSUMURA, Auteur ; Toshio MUNESUE, Auteur ; Kimiko MIZUKAMI, Auteur ; Tomohiro SHIMOYAMA, Auteur ; Tetsuhito MURATA, Auteur ; Norihiro SADATO, Auteur ; Hidehiko OKAZAWA, Auteur ; Yuji WADA, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.910-919 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) Pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) Amygdala Mouth Salience Eye gaze Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Much functional neuroimaging evidence indicates that autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) demonstrate marked brain abnormalities in face processing. Most of these findings were obtained from studies using tasks related to whole faces. However, individuals with ASD tend to rely more on individual parts of the face for identification than on the overall configuration. Therefore, this neuroimaging evidence might reflect differential visual attention systems in face recognition. It was hypothesized that differential brain function is shown between ASD and control participants with face recognition tasks presenting parts of faces separately. Nine adults with high-functioning ASD and 24 age-matched normal comparison participants were studied using a 3T-MR scanner. We investigated brain activation when processing whole faces and parts of faces displaying positive or negative expressions. The control group showed bilateral amygdalae activation to the whole face, but not to parts of the face. The ASD group showed bilateral amygdalae activation to the lower face (mainly mouth region), but not to the whole face and upper face (mainly eye region). These findings suggest that differential amygdala function for face processing exists in ASD. This aberrant amygdala function might cause abnormalities in gaze processing or recognition of emotional expressions, shown clinically in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2010.10.005 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=114
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 5-2 (April-June 2011) . - p.910-919[article] Differential amygdala response to lower face in patients with autistic spectrum disorders: An fMRI study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Makoto ISHITOBI, Auteur ; Hirotaka KOSAKA, Auteur ; Masao OMORI, Auteur ; Yukiko MATSUMURA, Auteur ; Toshio MUNESUE, Auteur ; Kimiko MIZUKAMI, Auteur ; Tomohiro SHIMOYAMA, Auteur ; Tetsuhito MURATA, Auteur ; Norihiro SADATO, Auteur ; Hidehiko OKAZAWA, Auteur ; Yuji WADA, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.910-919.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 5-2 (April-June 2011) . - p.910-919
Mots-clés : Autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) Pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) Amygdala Mouth Salience Eye gaze Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Much functional neuroimaging evidence indicates that autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) demonstrate marked brain abnormalities in face processing. Most of these findings were obtained from studies using tasks related to whole faces. However, individuals with ASD tend to rely more on individual parts of the face for identification than on the overall configuration. Therefore, this neuroimaging evidence might reflect differential visual attention systems in face recognition. It was hypothesized that differential brain function is shown between ASD and control participants with face recognition tasks presenting parts of faces separately. Nine adults with high-functioning ASD and 24 age-matched normal comparison participants were studied using a 3T-MR scanner. We investigated brain activation when processing whole faces and parts of faces displaying positive or negative expressions. The control group showed bilateral amygdalae activation to the whole face, but not to parts of the face. The ASD group showed bilateral amygdalae activation to the lower face (mainly mouth region), but not to the whole face and upper face (mainly eye region). These findings suggest that differential amygdala function for face processing exists in ASD. This aberrant amygdala function might cause abnormalities in gaze processing or recognition of emotional expressions, shown clinically in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2010.10.005 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=114 Face-viewing patterns predict audiovisual speech integration in autistic children / S. FENG in Autism Research, 14-12 (December 2021)
[article]
Titre : Face-viewing patterns predict audiovisual speech integration in autistic children Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : S. FENG, Auteur ; H. LU, Auteur ; Q. WANG, Auteur ; T. LI, Auteur ; J. FANG, Auteur ; L. CHEN, Auteur ; L. YI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2592-2602 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Acoustic Stimulation Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications Autistic Disorder/complications Child Child, Preschool Female Humans Mouth Speech Speech Perception Visual Perception McGurk effect atypical face-viewing patterns audiovisual speech integration autistic children eye movements Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic children show audiovisual speech integration deficits, though the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The present study examined how audiovisual speech integration deficits in autistic children could be affected by their looking patterns. We measured audiovisual speech integration in 26 autistic children and 26 typically developing (TD) children (4- to 7-year-old) employing the McGurk task (a videotaped speaker uttering phonemes with her eyes open or closed) and tracked their eye movements. We found that, compared with TD children, autistic children showed weaker audiovisual speech integration (i.e., the McGurk effect) in the open-eyes condition and similar audiovisual speech integration in the closed-eyes condition. Autistic children viewed the speaker's mouth less in non-McGurk trials than in McGurk trials in both conditions. Importantly, autistic children's weaker audiovisual speech integration could be predicted by their reduced mouth-looking time. The present study indicated that atypical face-viewing patterns could serve as one of the cognitive mechanisms of audiovisual speech integration deficits in autistic children. LAY SUMMARY: McGurk effect occurs when the visual part of a phoneme (e.g., "ga") and the auditory part of another phoneme (e.g., "ba") uttered by a speaker were integrated into a fused perception (e.g., "da"). The present study examined how McGurk effect in autistic children could be affected by their looking patterns for the speaker's face. We found that less looking time for the speaker's mouth in autistic children could predict weaker McGurk effect. As McGurk effect manifests audiovisual speech integration, our findings imply that we could improve audiovisual speech integration in autistic children by directing them to look at the speaker's mouth in future intervention. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2598 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450
in Autism Research > 14-12 (December 2021) . - p.2592-2602[article] Face-viewing patterns predict audiovisual speech integration in autistic children [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / S. FENG, Auteur ; H. LU, Auteur ; Q. WANG, Auteur ; T. LI, Auteur ; J. FANG, Auteur ; L. CHEN, Auteur ; L. YI, Auteur . - p.2592-2602.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 14-12 (December 2021) . - p.2592-2602
Mots-clés : Acoustic Stimulation Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications Autistic Disorder/complications Child Child, Preschool Female Humans Mouth Speech Speech Perception Visual Perception McGurk effect atypical face-viewing patterns audiovisual speech integration autistic children eye movements Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic children show audiovisual speech integration deficits, though the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The present study examined how audiovisual speech integration deficits in autistic children could be affected by their looking patterns. We measured audiovisual speech integration in 26 autistic children and 26 typically developing (TD) children (4- to 7-year-old) employing the McGurk task (a videotaped speaker uttering phonemes with her eyes open or closed) and tracked their eye movements. We found that, compared with TD children, autistic children showed weaker audiovisual speech integration (i.e., the McGurk effect) in the open-eyes condition and similar audiovisual speech integration in the closed-eyes condition. Autistic children viewed the speaker's mouth less in non-McGurk trials than in McGurk trials in both conditions. Importantly, autistic children's weaker audiovisual speech integration could be predicted by their reduced mouth-looking time. The present study indicated that atypical face-viewing patterns could serve as one of the cognitive mechanisms of audiovisual speech integration deficits in autistic children. LAY SUMMARY: McGurk effect occurs when the visual part of a phoneme (e.g., "ga") and the auditory part of another phoneme (e.g., "ba") uttered by a speaker were integrated into a fused perception (e.g., "da"). The present study examined how McGurk effect in autistic children could be affected by their looking patterns for the speaker's face. We found that less looking time for the speaker's mouth in autistic children could predict weaker McGurk effect. As McGurk effect manifests audiovisual speech integration, our findings imply that we could improve audiovisual speech integration in autistic children by directing them to look at the speaker's mouth in future intervention. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2598 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450 The Role of Alexithymia in Reduced Eye-Fixation in Autism Spectrum Conditions / Geoffrey BIRD in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41-11 (November 2011)
[article]
Titre : The Role of Alexithymia in Reduced Eye-Fixation in Autism Spectrum Conditions Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Geoffrey BIRD, Auteur ; Clare PRESS, Auteur ; Daniel C. RICHARDSON, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.1556-1564 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Alexithymia Eye-tracking Eye Mouth Face Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Eye-tracking studies have demonstrated mixed support for reduced eye fixation when looking at social scenes in individuals with Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASC). We present evidence that these mixed findings are due to a separate condition—alexithymia—that is frequently comorbid with ASC. We find that in adults with ASC, autism symptom severity correlated negatively with attention to faces when watching video clips. However, only the degree of alexithymia, and not autism symptom severity, predicted eye fixation. As well as potentially resolving the contradictory evidence in this area, these findings suggest that individuals with ASC and alexithymia may form a sub-group of individuals with ASC, with emotional impairments in addition to the social impairments characteristic of ASC. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-011-1183-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=147
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 41-11 (November 2011) . - p.1556-1564[article] The Role of Alexithymia in Reduced Eye-Fixation in Autism Spectrum Conditions [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Geoffrey BIRD, Auteur ; Clare PRESS, Auteur ; Daniel C. RICHARDSON, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.1556-1564.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 41-11 (November 2011) . - p.1556-1564
Mots-clés : Autism Alexithymia Eye-tracking Eye Mouth Face Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Eye-tracking studies have demonstrated mixed support for reduced eye fixation when looking at social scenes in individuals with Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASC). We present evidence that these mixed findings are due to a separate condition—alexithymia—that is frequently comorbid with ASC. We find that in adults with ASC, autism symptom severity correlated negatively with attention to faces when watching video clips. However, only the degree of alexithymia, and not autism symptom severity, predicted eye fixation. As well as potentially resolving the contradictory evidence in this area, these findings suggest that individuals with ASC and alexithymia may form a sub-group of individuals with ASC, with emotional impairments in addition to the social impairments characteristic of ASC. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-011-1183-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=147