Centre d'Information et de documentation du CRA Rhône-Alpes
CRA
Informations pratiques
-
Adresse
Centre d'information et de documentation
du CRA Rhône-Alpes
Centre Hospitalier le Vinatier
bât 211
95, Bd Pinel
69678 Bron CedexHoraires
Lundi au Vendredi
9h00-12h00 13h30-16h00Contact
Tél: +33(0)4 37 91 54 65
Mail
Fax: +33(0)4 37 91 54 37
-
Résultat de la recherche
6 recherche sur le mot-clé 'criminal justice'
Affiner la recherche Générer le flux rss de la recherche
Partager le résultat de cette recherche Faire une suggestion
Autism and the criminal justice system: An analysis of 93 cases / Rachel SLAVNY-CROSS in Autism Research, 15-5 (May 2022)
[article]
Titre : Autism and the criminal justice system: An analysis of 93 cases Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Rachel SLAVNY-CROSS, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Sarah GRIFFITHS, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.904-914 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult Autism Spectrum Disorder/psychology Autistic Disorder Criminal Law Humans Police Surveys and Questionnaires autism criminal justice mitigation offending reasonable adjustments Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We investigate whether autistic people's vulnerability is taken into account at each stage of the criminal justice system (CJS). Defense lawyers from 12 nations were included in the study although the sample was predominantly from the UK. Lawyers completed an online survey regarding one case in which they had defended an autistic client between January 2015 and January 2020; and on one case in which they had defended a nonautistic client charged with a similar offense, to provide a comparison group. Ninety-three lawyers (85% in the UK) reported on one autistic case, and 53 also reported on one nonautistic case. 75% of autistic clients were not given reasonable adjustments during the process. Only 43% were offered an appropriate adult during police investigations, even though they had an existing diagnosis of autism. 59% of prosecution barristers and 46% of judges said or did something during the trial that made the lawyers concerned that they did not have an adequate understanding of autism. Lawyers were 7.58 times more likely to be concerned about their autistic client's effective participation in court and were 3.83 times more likely to be concerned that their autistic clients would engage in self-harm, compared with their nonautistic clients. There is a failure to identify and address autistic peoples' disability within the CJS. There is a need for mandatory autism training for police officers and the judiciary, with a focus on identifying autism and understanding the needs of autistic people so that reasonable adjustments are offered in all cases. LAY SUMMARY: This study sought to investigate if the needs of autistic people are being overlooked by the police and other professionals within the CJS. Results show that autistic people are not always given the support they need during police questioning or in court. The experience of being involved with the police may also have a more negative impact on autistic peoples' mental health than that of nonautistic people. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2690 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473
in Autism Research > 15-5 (May 2022) . - p.904-914[article] Autism and the criminal justice system: An analysis of 93 cases [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Rachel SLAVNY-CROSS, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Sarah GRIFFITHS, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur . - p.904-914.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 15-5 (May 2022) . - p.904-914
Mots-clés : Adult Autism Spectrum Disorder/psychology Autistic Disorder Criminal Law Humans Police Surveys and Questionnaires autism criminal justice mitigation offending reasonable adjustments Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We investigate whether autistic people's vulnerability is taken into account at each stage of the criminal justice system (CJS). Defense lawyers from 12 nations were included in the study although the sample was predominantly from the UK. Lawyers completed an online survey regarding one case in which they had defended an autistic client between January 2015 and January 2020; and on one case in which they had defended a nonautistic client charged with a similar offense, to provide a comparison group. Ninety-three lawyers (85% in the UK) reported on one autistic case, and 53 also reported on one nonautistic case. 75% of autistic clients were not given reasonable adjustments during the process. Only 43% were offered an appropriate adult during police investigations, even though they had an existing diagnosis of autism. 59% of prosecution barristers and 46% of judges said or did something during the trial that made the lawyers concerned that they did not have an adequate understanding of autism. Lawyers were 7.58 times more likely to be concerned about their autistic client's effective participation in court and were 3.83 times more likely to be concerned that their autistic clients would engage in self-harm, compared with their nonautistic clients. There is a failure to identify and address autistic peoples' disability within the CJS. There is a need for mandatory autism training for police officers and the judiciary, with a focus on identifying autism and understanding the needs of autistic people so that reasonable adjustments are offered in all cases. LAY SUMMARY: This study sought to investigate if the needs of autistic people are being overlooked by the police and other professionals within the CJS. Results show that autistic people are not always given the support they need during police questioning or in court. The experience of being involved with the police may also have a more negative impact on autistic peoples' mental health than that of nonautistic people. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2690 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473 A Systematic Review of People with Autism Spectrum Disorder and the Criminal Justice System / Claire KING in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44-11 (November 2014)
[article]
Titre : A Systematic Review of People with Autism Spectrum Disorder and the Criminal Justice System Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Claire KING, Auteur ; Glynis H. MURPHY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2717-2733 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism ASD ASC Asperger syndrome Crime Offending Criminal justice Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This paper provides a systemic review of the available literature on people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the criminal justice system (CJS). The review considers two main types of study: those that examined the prevalence of people with ASD in the CJS and those that examined the prevalence of offending in populations with ASD. In addition, types of offences in people with ASD, co-morbid psychiatric diagnoses, and characteristics of people with ASD who commit offences (including predisposing factors) are considered. A combination of search terms was used in a variety of databases in order to find all of the available literature on this topic, and research studies were included based on specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. It was found that whilst there is an emerging literature base on this topic, there are a wide variety of methodologies used, making direct comparison difficult. Nevertheless it can be concluded so far that people with ASD do not seem to be disproportionately over-represented in the CJS, though they commit a range of crimes and seem to have a number of predisposing features. There is poor evidence of the presence of comorbid psychiatric diagnoses (except in mental health settings) amongst offenders with ASD, and little evidence of the oft-asserted over-representation of certain kinds of crimes. It is recommended that further research of good quality is required in this area, rather than studies that examine populations that are not representative of all those with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2046-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=241
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 44-11 (November 2014) . - p.2717-2733[article] A Systematic Review of People with Autism Spectrum Disorder and the Criminal Justice System [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Claire KING, Auteur ; Glynis H. MURPHY, Auteur . - p.2717-2733.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 44-11 (November 2014) . - p.2717-2733
Mots-clés : Autism ASD ASC Asperger syndrome Crime Offending Criminal justice Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This paper provides a systemic review of the available literature on people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the criminal justice system (CJS). The review considers two main types of study: those that examined the prevalence of people with ASD in the CJS and those that examined the prevalence of offending in populations with ASD. In addition, types of offences in people with ASD, co-morbid psychiatric diagnoses, and characteristics of people with ASD who commit offences (including predisposing factors) are considered. A combination of search terms was used in a variety of databases in order to find all of the available literature on this topic, and research studies were included based on specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. It was found that whilst there is an emerging literature base on this topic, there are a wide variety of methodologies used, making direct comparison difficult. Nevertheless it can be concluded so far that people with ASD do not seem to be disproportionately over-represented in the CJS, though they commit a range of crimes and seem to have a number of predisposing features. There is poor evidence of the presence of comorbid psychiatric diagnoses (except in mental health settings) amongst offenders with ASD, and little evidence of the oft-asserted over-representation of certain kinds of crimes. It is recommended that further research of good quality is required in this area, rather than studies that examine populations that are not representative of all those with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2046-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=241 Brief Report: Autism in the Courtroom: Experiences of Legal Professionals and the Autism Community / Katie L. MARAS in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47-8 (August 2017)
[article]
Titre : Brief Report: Autism in the Courtroom: Experiences of Legal Professionals and the Autism Community Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Katie L. MARAS, Auteur ; Laura CRANE, Auteur ; Sue MULCAHY, Auteur ; Tamsyn HAWKEN, Auteur ; Penny COOPER, Auteur ; David WURTZEL, Auteur ; Amina MEMON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2610-2620 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Disability Law Courts Solicitors Criminal justice Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Online surveys were used to sample the views of judges, barristers and solicitors (n?=?33) about their engagement with autistic individuals in criminal courts in England and Wales. Despite an understanding of some of the difficulties experienced by individuals with autism, and the adjustments suitable for supporting them, legal professionals reported constraints arising from a lack of understanding by others within the criminal justice system. These results are considered alongside the views and perspectives of autistic adults (n?=?9) and parents of children on the autism spectrum (n?=?19), who had encountered the criminal courts as witnesses or defendants and were largely dissatisfied with their experiences. Training, understanding and the provision of appropriate adjustments were identified as key issues by all respondent groups. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3162-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=315
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 47-8 (August 2017) . - p.2610-2620[article] Brief Report: Autism in the Courtroom: Experiences of Legal Professionals and the Autism Community [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Katie L. MARAS, Auteur ; Laura CRANE, Auteur ; Sue MULCAHY, Auteur ; Tamsyn HAWKEN, Auteur ; Penny COOPER, Auteur ; David WURTZEL, Auteur ; Amina MEMON, Auteur . - p.2610-2620.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 47-8 (August 2017) . - p.2610-2620
Mots-clés : Autism Disability Law Courts Solicitors Criminal justice Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Online surveys were used to sample the views of judges, barristers and solicitors (n?=?33) about their engagement with autistic individuals in criminal courts in England and Wales. Despite an understanding of some of the difficulties experienced by individuals with autism, and the adjustments suitable for supporting them, legal professionals reported constraints arising from a lack of understanding by others within the criminal justice system. These results are considered alongside the views and perspectives of autistic adults (n?=?9) and parents of children on the autism spectrum (n?=?19), who had encountered the criminal courts as witnesses or defendants and were largely dissatisfied with their experiences. Training, understanding and the provision of appropriate adjustments were identified as key issues by all respondent groups. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3162-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=315 Brief report: Perceived credibility of autistic witnesses and the effect of diagnostic information on credibility ratings / Katie MARAS in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 68 (December 2019)
[article]
Titre : Brief report: Perceived credibility of autistic witnesses and the effect of diagnostic information on credibility ratings Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Katie MARAS, Auteur ; Laura CRANE, Auteur ; Ian WALKER, Auteur ; Amina MEMON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.101442 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Witness Credibility Diagnosis disclosure Interviewing Jurors Perceptions Criminal justice Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background People with autism spectrum disorder (henceforth, autism) exhibit a number of atypical behaviours that may be relied upon by jurors when making judgements about their credibility as witnesses. The current study aimed to: (1) examine whether autistic witnesses were perceived as less credible than typically developing (TD) witnesses, irrespective of the number of correct details they reported; and (2) determine whether mock jurors’ credibility ratings of autistic witnesses improved if they were aware of their autism diagnoses and were provided with information about autism. Method One-hundred-and-twenty-five mock jurors rated the credibility of video testimony of 17 autistic and 17 TD witness participants recalling an event. Half of the juror participants were informed that some of the witnesses were autistic and were provided with information about autism; the other half received no information about witnesses’ diagnoses. Results Contrary to predictions, autistic witnesses were seen to be as credible as TD witnesses when no information about their diagnosis was provided. However, when jurors were informed that a witness was autistic and were also provided with further information about autism, they were rated as slightly more credible than TD witnesses. Credibility ratings were only predicted by jurors’ prior knowledge/experience of autism when they were explicitly informed of witnesses’ autism diagnoses. Conclusions These results indicate that disclosing one’s autism diagnosis (alongside further information about autism) may result in a positive bias in terms of witnesses’ perceived credibility. Implications for jury instructions and future research directions are discussed. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2019.101442 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=408
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 68 (December 2019) . - p.101442[article] Brief report: Perceived credibility of autistic witnesses and the effect of diagnostic information on credibility ratings [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Katie MARAS, Auteur ; Laura CRANE, Auteur ; Ian WALKER, Auteur ; Amina MEMON, Auteur . - p.101442.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 68 (December 2019) . - p.101442
Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Witness Credibility Diagnosis disclosure Interviewing Jurors Perceptions Criminal justice Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background People with autism spectrum disorder (henceforth, autism) exhibit a number of atypical behaviours that may be relied upon by jurors when making judgements about their credibility as witnesses. The current study aimed to: (1) examine whether autistic witnesses were perceived as less credible than typically developing (TD) witnesses, irrespective of the number of correct details they reported; and (2) determine whether mock jurors’ credibility ratings of autistic witnesses improved if they were aware of their autism diagnoses and were provided with information about autism. Method One-hundred-and-twenty-five mock jurors rated the credibility of video testimony of 17 autistic and 17 TD witness participants recalling an event. Half of the juror participants were informed that some of the witnesses were autistic and were provided with information about autism; the other half received no information about witnesses’ diagnoses. Results Contrary to predictions, autistic witnesses were seen to be as credible as TD witnesses when no information about their diagnosis was provided. However, when jurors were informed that a witness was autistic and were also provided with further information about autism, they were rated as slightly more credible than TD witnesses. Credibility ratings were only predicted by jurors’ prior knowledge/experience of autism when they were explicitly informed of witnesses’ autism diagnoses. Conclusions These results indicate that disclosing one’s autism diagnosis (alongside further information about autism) may result in a positive bias in terms of witnesses’ perceived credibility. Implications for jury instructions and future research directions are discussed. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2019.101442 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=408 Mock Juror Perceptions of Child Witnesses on the Autism Spectrum: The Impact of Providing Diagnostic Labels and Information About Autism / Laura CRANE in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 50-5 (May 2020)
[article]
Titre : Mock Juror Perceptions of Child Witnesses on the Autism Spectrum: The Impact of Providing Diagnostic Labels and Information About Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Laura CRANE, Auteur ; Rachel WILCOCK, Auteur ; Katie L. MARAS, Auteur ; Wing CHUI, Auteur ; Carmen MARTI-SANCHEZ, Auteur ; Lucy A HENRY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1509-1519 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Credibility Criminal justice Eyewitness memory Jury Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Research suggests that autistic children can provide accurate and forensically useful eyewitness evidence. However, members of a jury also rely on non-verbal behaviours when judging the credibility of a witness, and this could determine the verdict of a case. We presented mock jurors with videos (from an experimental study) of one of two child witnesses on the autism spectrum being interviewed about a mock minor crime. Results demonstrated that providing jurors with generic information about autism and/or informing them of the child's diagnostic label differentially affected credibility ratings, but not for both children. Implications for how to present information about child witnesses with autism to a jury-highlighting the need for approaches tailored to individual children-are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-3700-0 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=422
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 50-5 (May 2020) . - p.1509-1519[article] Mock Juror Perceptions of Child Witnesses on the Autism Spectrum: The Impact of Providing Diagnostic Labels and Information About Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Laura CRANE, Auteur ; Rachel WILCOCK, Auteur ; Katie L. MARAS, Auteur ; Wing CHUI, Auteur ; Carmen MARTI-SANCHEZ, Auteur ; Lucy A HENRY, Auteur . - p.1509-1519.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 50-5 (May 2020) . - p.1509-1519
Mots-clés : Autism Credibility Criminal justice Eyewitness memory Jury Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Research suggests that autistic children can provide accurate and forensically useful eyewitness evidence. However, members of a jury also rely on non-verbal behaviours when judging the credibility of a witness, and this could determine the verdict of a case. We presented mock jurors with videos (from an experimental study) of one of two child witnesses on the autism spectrum being interviewed about a mock minor crime. Results demonstrated that providing jurors with generic information about autism and/or informing them of the child's diagnostic label differentially affected credibility ratings, but not for both children. Implications for how to present information about child witnesses with autism to a jury-highlighting the need for approaches tailored to individual children-are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-3700-0 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=422 Mock Juror Perceptions of Credibility and Culpability in an Autistic Defendant / K. MARAS in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49-3 (March 2019)
Permalink