Pubmed du 07/01/18

Pubmed du jour

2018-01-07 12:03:50

1. {{Error in Source Data for Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder}}. {Jama}. 2018.

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2. Degroote S, Hunting D, Takser L. {{Periconceptional folate deficiency leads to autism-like traits in Wistar rat offspring}}. {Neurotoxicology and teratology}. 2018.

BACKGROUND: Folates in their role as key one carbon donors, are essential for two major pathways: the synthesis of DNA and RNA precursors and DNA methylation. A growing body of evidence from epidemiological studies indicates a possible association between nutritional and functional deficiency in folates and Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). However, there are no available behavioral animal studies on periconceptional onecarbon donor deficiency during gestation and the autistic phenotype. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine if the periconceptional alteration of onecarbon metabolism induced with a folate deficient diet would affect the behaviour of rat offspring. METHODS: Female Wistar rats were divided in two groups: control (basal diet, in compliance with standards of regular laboratory diets), or exposed during one month before breeding until Gestational Day 15 to a modified diet with no added folic acid (0.2mg/kg of food), reduced choline (750mg/kg of food), and added 1% SST (a non-absorbable antibiotic used to inhibit folate synthesis by gut bacteria). We administered behavioral tests to offspring, i.e., open field (P20), social interactions (P25), marble burying (P30), elevated plus maze (P35), and prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex (sensorimotor gating) (P45). Blood homocysteine levels were used to confirm the deficit in onecarbon donors. RESULTS: Compared to controls, offspring with the periconceptional deficit in folate showed: (i) congenital body malformations; (ii) reduced social interactions, with a ~30% decrease in social sniffing behavior; (iii) reduced exploration of the open arm by 50% in the elevated plus maze test, indicating increased anxiety; (iv) a ~160% increased number of marbles buried, indicating repetitive behaviors; and (v) altered sensorimotor gating, with a global 50% decrease in startle inhibition. CONCLUSION: Maternal periconceptional deficit in folate provokes alterations in the behavior of offspring relevant to the autistic-like phenotype.

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3. Ts J, Jacob P, Srinath S, G SK, L M, Gr G, Robins DL, K T. {{Toddlers at risk for Autism Spectrum Disorders from Kerala, India – A community based screening}}. {Asian J Psychiatr}. 2017; 31: 10-2.

AIMS: To study the at-risk rate for Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) on a parent-report questionnaire in toddlers between the ages of 16-24 months. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 6237 toddlers from Kerala, India selected by cluster random sampling were surveyed by community nurses using the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers – Revised (M-CHAT-R) translated to Malayalam and culturally adapted. RESULTS: 5.5% toddlers were at risk on M-CHAT-R and 2.7% on « Best Seven ». CONCLUSIONS: M-CHAT-R and its « Best Seven » could be viable community level screening instruments, albeit with further cultural adaptation for a primarily non-English speaking population in India.

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4. Vasa RA, Kreiser NL, Keefer A, Singh V, Mostofsky SH. {{Relationships between autism spectrum disorder and intolerance of uncertainty}}. {Autism Res}. 2018.

Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) is a dispositional risk factor involving maladaptive responding under conditions of uncertainty. Recent data indicate that IU is likely elevated in youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and is positively correlated with anxiety. This study examined whether IU may be associated with ASD independent of anxiety. Relationships between anxiety, ASD, and IU were examined in 57 children with ASD without co-occurring intellectual disability and 32 control participants, ages 7-16 years. Hierarchal linear regressions were run to examine whether ASD variables, including emotion dysregulation, were predictive of IU when controlling for anxiety. Severity of social communication deficits, repetitive behaviors, and emotion dysregulation were each related to IU when controlling for the effects of anxiety. When these variables were entered into the regression model together, emotion dysregulation was the only significant predictor of IU. These findings suggest that IU is directly related to features of ASD possibly due to shared genetic, neurological, or psychological underpinnings. Autism Res 2018. (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Youth with ASD without co-occurring intellectual disability experience high levels of intolerance of uncertainty (IU), which is related to anxiety. This study found that IU may also have a relationship with certain aspects of ASD, particularly emotion dysregulation.

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5. Xu G, Strathearn L, Liu B, Bao W. {{Corrected Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among US Children and Adolescents}}. {Jama}. 2018.

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