Peripherally administered IL-1α interferes with scopolamine-induced amnesia in mice / Mauro BIANCHI in Cognitive Brain Research (1-4, December 1993)

Public ISBD [article]  inCognitive Brain Research > 1-4 (December 1993) . - p.257-259 Titre : Peripherally administered IL-1α interferes with scopolamine-induced amnesia in mice Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Mauro BIANCHI, Auteur; Alberto E. PANERAI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.257-259 Langues : Anglais (eng)   Résumé : We studied the effects of human recombinant interleukin-1α on scopolamine-induced amnesia for a passive avoidance response in the mouse. Post-training intraperitoneal administration of the cytokine (0.25 or 0.50 μg/mouse) significantly reduced the amnesic effect of scopolamine (1.0 mg/kg i.p.). Our results indicate that peripheral interleukin-1α can influence behavior and suggest the involvement of the cholinergic system in the neuromodulatory actions of this cytokine. Plan de Classement : PER Périodiques [article] Peripherally administered IL-1α interferes with scopolamine-induced amnesia in mice [texte imprimé] / Mauro BIANCHI, Auteur; Alberto E. PANERAI, Auteur . - p.257-259. Langues : Anglais (eng) inCognitive Brain Research > 1-4 (December 1993) . - p.257-259   Résumé : We studied the effects of human recombinant interleukin-1α on scopolamine-induced amnesia for a passive avoidance response in the mouse. Post-training intraperitoneal administration of the cytokine (0.25 or 0.50 μg/mouse) significantly reduced the amnesic effect of scopolamine (1.0 mg/kg i.p.). Our results indicate that peripheral interleukin-1α can influence behavior and suggest the involvement of the cholinergic system in the neuromodulatory actions of this cytokine. Plan de Classement : PER Périodiques

The influence of long-term practice on mental rotation of 3-D objects / Gilles LEONE in Cognitive Brain Research (1-4, December 1993)

Public ISBD [article]  inCognitive Brain Research > 1-4 (December 1993) . - p.241-255 Titre : The influence of long-term practice on mental rotation of 3-D objects Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Gilles LEONE, Auteur; Marie Claire TAINE, Auteur; Jacques DROULEZ, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.241-255 Langues : Anglais (eng)   Résumé : We evaluated the influence of long-term practice on the performance of a mental rotation task in which subjects judged whether two 3-D objects presented in different orientations were identical. Stimuli and experimental conditions were analogous to those used by Shepard and Metzler. Sixteen subjects were selected, to test the influence of aptitude for mental imagery on this learning process. Subjects participated in 12 to 15 sessions over 6 weeks. Two catalogues of different stimuli were alternatively used during three (or six) consecutive sessions to determine the influence of complexity and familiarity of figures. For all subjects, the inverse of the velocity of mental rotation along the sessions was adequately fitted by a decreasing exponential curve. However, evidence for mental rotation did not disappear, even after 15 sessions. Asymptotic variations can be attributed to differences in stimuli as well as imaging skills of subjects. Our results lead to a new interpretation of the mental rotation process. Mots-clés : Mental-rotation  3-D-object  Practice  Imaging-skill  Complexity Plan de Classement : PER Périodiques [article] The influence of long-term practice on mental rotation of 3-D objects [texte imprimé] / Gilles LEONE, Auteur; Marie Claire TAINE, Auteur; Jacques DROULEZ, Auteur . - p.241-255. Langues : Anglais (eng) inCognitive Brain Research > 1-4 (December 1993) . - p.241-255   Résumé : We evaluated the influence of long-term practice on the performance of a mental rotation task in which subjects judged whether two 3-D objects presented in different orientations were identical. Stimuli and experimental conditions were analogous to those used by Shepard and Metzler. Sixteen subjects were selected, to test the influence of aptitude for mental imagery on this learning process. Subjects participated in 12 to 15 sessions over 6 weeks. Two catalogues of different stimuli were alternatively used during three (or six) consecutive sessions to determine the influence of complexity and familiarity of figures. For all subjects, the inverse of the velocity of mental rotation along the sessions was adequately fitted by a decreasing exponential curve. However, evidence for mental rotation did not disappear, even after 15 sessions. Asymptotic variations can be attributed to differences in stimuli as well as imaging skills of subjects. Our results lead to a new interpretation of the mental rotation process. Mots-clés : Mental-rotation  3-D-object  Practice  Imaging-skill  Complexity Plan de Classement : PER Périodiques

Anatomical substrates of auditory selective attention: behavioral and electrophysiological effects of posterior association cortex lesions / D.L. WOODS in Cognitive Brain Research (1-4, December 1993)

Public ISBD [article]  inCognitive Brain Research > 1-4 (December 1993) . - p.227-240 Titre : Anatomical substrates of auditory selective attention: behavioral and electrophysiological effects of posterior association cortex lesions Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : D.L. WOODS, Auteur; R.T. KNIGHT, Auteur; D. SCABINI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.227-240 Langues : Anglais (eng)   Résumé : Even-related brain potentials (ERPs) and reaction times (RTs) were recorded in an auditory selective attention task in control subjects and two groups of patients with lesions centered in (1) the temporal/parietal junction (T/P, n = 9); and (2) the inferior parietal lobe (IPL, n = 7). High pitched tones were presented to one ear and low pitched tones to the other in random sequences that included infrequent longer-duration tones and occasional novel sounds. Subjects attended to a specified ear and pressed a button to the longer-duration tones in that ear. IPL and T/P lesions slowed reaction times (RTs) and increased error rates, but improved one aspect of performance — patients showed less distraction than controls when targets followed novel sounds. T/P lesions reduced the amplitude of early sensory ERPs, initially over the damaged hemisphere (N1a, 70–110 ms) and then bilaterally (N1b, 110–130 ms, and N1c 130–160 ms). The reduction was accentuated for tones presented contralateral to the lesion, suggesting that N1 generators receive excitatory input primarily from the contralateral ear. IPL lesions reduced N1 amplitudes to both low frequency tones and novel sounds. Nd components associated with attentional selection were diminished over both hemispheres in the T/P group and over the lesioned hemisphere in the IPL group independent of ear of stimulation. Target and novel N2s tended to be diminished by IPL lesions but were unaffected by T/P lesions. The mismatch negativity was unaffected by either T/P or IPL lesions. The results support different roles of T/P and IPL cortex in auditory selective attention. Mots-clés : Attention  Auditory  Event-related-potential  Temporal  Parietal  Cortex  Orienting  Hemisphere  Reaction-time  Lesion Plan de Classement : PER Périodiques [article] Anatomical substrates of auditory selective attention: behavioral and electrophysiological effects of posterior association cortex lesions [texte imprimé] / D.L. WOODS, Auteur; R.T. KNIGHT, Auteur; D. SCABINI, Auteur . - p.227-240. Langues : Anglais (eng) inCognitive Brain Research > 1-4 (December 1993) . - p.227-240   Résumé : Even-related brain potentials (ERPs) and reaction times (RTs) were recorded in an auditory selective attention task in control subjects and two groups of patients with lesions centered in (1) the temporal/parietal junction (T/P, n = 9); and (2) the inferior parietal lobe (IPL, n = 7). High pitched tones were presented to one ear and low pitched tones to the other in random sequences that included infrequent longer-duration tones and occasional novel sounds. Subjects attended to a specified ear and pressed a button to the longer-duration tones in that ear. IPL and T/P lesions slowed reaction times (RTs) and increased error rates, but improved one aspect of performance — patients showed less distraction than controls when targets followed novel sounds. T/P lesions reduced the amplitude of early sensory ERPs, initially over the damaged hemisphere (N1a, 70–110 ms) and then bilaterally (N1b, 110–130 ms, and N1c 130–160 ms). The reduction was accentuated for tones presented contralateral to the lesion, suggesting that N1 generators receive excitatory input primarily from the contralateral ear. IPL lesions reduced N1 amplitudes to both low frequency tones and novel sounds. Nd components associated with attentional selection were diminished over both hemispheres in the T/P group and over the lesioned hemisphere in the IPL group independent of ear of stimulation. Target and novel N2s tended to be diminished by IPL lesions but were unaffected by T/P lesions. The mismatch negativity was unaffected by either T/P or IPL lesions. The results support different roles of T/P and IPL cortex in auditory selective attention. Mots-clés : Attention  Auditory  Event-related-potential  Temporal  Parietal  Cortex  Orienting  Hemisphere  Reaction-time  Lesion Plan de Classement : PER Périodiques

Cognitive impairment following traumatic brain injury: the effect of pre- and post-injury administration of scopolamine and MK-801 / Robert J. HAMM in Cognitive Brain Research (1-4, December 1993)

Public ISBD [article]  inCognitive Brain Research > 1-4 (December 1993) . - p.223-226 Titre : Cognitive impairment following traumatic brain injury: the effect of pre- and post-injury administration of scopolamine and MK-801 Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Robert J. HAMM, Auteur; Dianne M. O'DELL, Auteur; Brian R. PIKE; Bruce G. LYETH Article en page(s) : p.223-226 Langues : Anglais (eng)   Résumé : In order to examine the effectiveness of pre- and post-injury administration of muscarinic cholinergic and NMDA antagonists in reducing cognitive deficits following traumatic brain injury (TBI), rats were injected with either scopolamine (1 mg/kg) or MK-801 (0.3 mg/kg) 15 min prior to or 15 min after fluid percussion TBI. Cognitive performance was assessed with the Morris water maze procedure on days 11–15 after TBI or sham injury. When scopolamine and MK-801 were injected 15 min before injury, Morris water maze deficits were significantly reduced (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). When scopolamine and MK-801 were injected 15 min after TBI, neither drug was effective in attenuating Morris water maze deficits. Consistent with other research, these results suggest that the cognitive deficits produced by TBI are the consequence of a brief period of excessive excitation of cholinergic and NMDA receptor systems. The results of this experiment also suggest that the temporal therapeutic window for the treatment of cognitive dysfunction with receptor antagonist intervention appears to be quite brief ( < 15 min) in the rat. Mots-clés : Traumatic-brain-injury  Morris-water-maze  Scopolamine;MK-801  Rat Plan de Classement : PER Périodiques [article] Cognitive impairment following traumatic brain injury: the effect of pre- and post-injury administration of scopolamine and MK-801 [texte imprimé] / Robert J. HAMM, Auteur; Dianne M. O'DELL, Auteur; Brian R. PIKE; Bruce G. LYETH . - p.223-226. Langues : Anglais (eng) inCognitive Brain Research > 1-4 (December 1993) . - p.223-226   Résumé : In order to examine the effectiveness of pre- and post-injury administration of muscarinic cholinergic and NMDA antagonists in reducing cognitive deficits following traumatic brain injury (TBI), rats were injected with either scopolamine (1 mg/kg) or MK-801 (0.3 mg/kg) 15 min prior to or 15 min after fluid percussion TBI. Cognitive performance was assessed with the Morris water maze procedure on days 11–15 after TBI or sham injury. When scopolamine and MK-801 were injected 15 min before injury, Morris water maze deficits were significantly reduced (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). When scopolamine and MK-801 were injected 15 min after TBI, neither drug was effective in attenuating Morris water maze deficits. Consistent with other research, these results suggest that the cognitive deficits produced by TBI are the consequence of a brief period of excessive excitation of cholinergic and NMDA receptor systems. The results of this experiment also suggest that the temporal therapeutic window for the treatment of cognitive dysfunction with receptor antagonist intervention appears to be quite brief ( < 15 min) in the rat. Mots-clés : Traumatic-brain-injury  Morris-water-maze  Scopolamine;MK-801  Rat Plan de Classement : PER Périodiques

Influence of reading habits on line bisection / Sylvie CHOKRON in Cognitive Brain Research (1-4, December 1993)

Public ISBD [article]  inCognitive Brain Research > 1-4 (December 1993) . - p.219-222 Titre : Influence of reading habits on line bisection Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Sylvie CHOKRON, Auteur; Michel IMBERT, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.219-222 Langues : Anglais (eng)   Résumé : The effect of scanning direction on perception of space is studied with a visuo-motor bisection task, among 120 normal dextrals with opposite reading habits (60 French subjects, 60 Israeli subjects). Bisection is found to depend upon subject's reading habits. Israeli bisected the line to the right of the objective centre, while French subjects placed their subjective middle to the left of the objective one. Results are discussed with respect to hemispheric activation theories, directional hypotheses and the neglect syndrome. Mots-clés : Reading-habit  Line-bisection  Hemispheric-activation  Neglect-syndrome Plan de Classement : PER Périodiques [article] Influence of reading habits on line bisection [texte imprimé] / Sylvie CHOKRON, Auteur; Michel IMBERT, Auteur . - p.219-222. Langues : Anglais (eng) inCognitive Brain Research > 1-4 (December 1993) . - p.219-222   Résumé : The effect of scanning direction on perception of space is studied with a visuo-motor bisection task, among 120 normal dextrals with opposite reading habits (60 French subjects, 60 Israeli subjects). Bisection is found to depend upon subject's reading habits. Israeli bisected the line to the right of the objective centre, while French subjects placed their subjective middle to the left of the objective one. Results are discussed with respect to hemispheric activation theories, directional hypotheses and the neglect syndrome. Mots-clés : Reading-habit  Line-bisection  Hemispheric-activation  Neglect-syndrome Plan de Classement : PER Périodiques

The effects of inferior temporal and dorsolateral frontal lesions on serial-order behavior and visual imagery in monkeys / Michael COLOMBO in Cognitive Brain Research (1-4, December 1993)

Public ISBD [article]  inCognitive Brain Research > 1-4 (December 1993) . - p.211-217 Titre : The effects of inferior temporal and dorsolateral frontal lesions on serial-order behavior and visual imagery in monkeys Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Michael COLOMBO, Auteur; Anne E. EICKHOFF, Auteur; Charles G. GROSS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.211-217 Langues : Anglais (eng)   Résumé : Four monkeys were trained preoperatively on a serial-order task to respond to a set of five visual stimuli in a fixed sequence independent of their location. They were then given a test of visual imagery in which only two of the five stimuli appeared at a time, and the animals were required to respond to them in the order in which they appeared in the original sequence. The monkeys then received bilateral lesions of either inferior temporal cortex or dorsolateral frontal cortex. Dorsolateral frontal lesions had no effect on either serial-order behavior or visual imagery. In contrast, inferior temporal lesions severely impaired serial-order behavior. Once the serial-order task was relearned, however, the inferior temporal animals were completely normal on the test of visual imagery. Mots-clés : Inferior-temporal-cortex  Dorsolateral-frontal-cortex  Serial-order-behavior  Visual-imagery Plan de Classement : PER Périodiques [article] The effects of inferior temporal and dorsolateral frontal lesions on serial-order behavior and visual imagery in monkeys [texte imprimé] / Michael COLOMBO, Auteur; Anne E. EICKHOFF, Auteur; Charles G. GROSS, Auteur . - p.211-217. Langues : Anglais (eng) inCognitive Brain Research > 1-4 (December 1993) . - p.211-217   Résumé : Four monkeys were trained preoperatively on a serial-order task to respond to a set of five visual stimuli in a fixed sequence independent of their location. They were then given a test of visual imagery in which only two of the five stimuli appeared at a time, and the animals were required to respond to them in the order in which they appeared in the original sequence. The monkeys then received bilateral lesions of either inferior temporal cortex or dorsolateral frontal cortex. Dorsolateral frontal lesions had no effect on either serial-order behavior or visual imagery. In contrast, inferior temporal lesions severely impaired serial-order behavior. Once the serial-order task was relearned, however, the inferior temporal animals were completely normal on the test of visual imagery. Mots-clés : Inferior-temporal-cortex  Dorsolateral-frontal-cortex  Serial-order-behavior  Visual-imagery Plan de Classement : PER Périodiques

Source localization of brain electric field frequency bands during conscious, spontaneous, visual imagery and abstract thought / D. LEHMANN in Cognitive Brain Research (1-4, December 1993)

Public ISBD [article]  inCognitive Brain Research > 1-4 (December 1993) . - p.203-210 Titre : Source localization of brain electric field frequency bands during conscious, spontaneous, visual imagery and abstract thought Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : D. LEHMANN, Auteur; B. HENGGELER, Auteur; M. KOUKKOU, Auteur; C.M. MICHEL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.203-210 Langues : Anglais (eng)   Résumé : This paper addresses the issue of mind-brain correspondence, using a novel way to reduce brain electric field data in the frequency domain to estimates of intracerebral model source locations, and applying this method to brain electric data collected during the 2-s epochs immediately before the randomly solicited reports of spontaneous, conscious, covert experiences from 12 normal volunteers. The mentation reports were classified into visual imagery and abstract thought. The mean locations of the EEG model sources associated with abstract thoughts were generally more anterior and deeper than those of visual imagery, particularly significant for the delta/theta band; the finding was common across subjects. Thus, different brain functional states involving different geometries of activated neural populations exist during conscious, spontaneous, task-free mentations of the visual imagery type and of the abstract thought type. Mots-clés : Source-localization  EEG-frequency-band  Mentation-class  Consciousness  Spontaneous-thought  Visual-imagery Plan de Classement : PER Périodiques [article] Source localization of brain electric field frequency bands during conscious, spontaneous, visual imagery and abstract thought [texte imprimé] / D. LEHMANN, Auteur; B. HENGGELER, Auteur; M. KOUKKOU, Auteur; C.M. MICHEL, Auteur . - p.203-210. Langues : Anglais (eng) inCognitive Brain Research > 1-4 (December 1993) . - p.203-210   Résumé : This paper addresses the issue of mind-brain correspondence, using a novel way to reduce brain electric field data in the frequency domain to estimates of intracerebral model source locations, and applying this method to brain electric data collected during the 2-s epochs immediately before the randomly solicited reports of spontaneous, conscious, covert experiences from 12 normal volunteers. The mentation reports were classified into visual imagery and abstract thought. The mean locations of the EEG model sources associated with abstract thoughts were generally more anterior and deeper than those of visual imagery, particularly significant for the delta/theta band; the finding was common across subjects. Thus, different brain functional states involving different geometries of activated neural populations exist during conscious, spontaneous, task-free mentations of the visual imagery type and of the abstract thought type. Mots-clés : Source-localization  EEG-frequency-band  Mentation-class  Consciousness  Spontaneous-thought  Visual-imagery Plan de Classement : PER Périodiques

Intensity to force translation: a new effect of stimulus-response compatibility revealed by analysis of response time and electromyographic activity of a prime mover / Patricia ROMAIGUERE in Cognitive Brain Research (1-3, October 1993)

Public ISBD [article]  inCognitive Brain Research > 1-3 (October 1993) . - p.197-201 Titre : Intensity to force translation: a new effect of stimulus-response compatibility revealed by analysis of response time and electromyographic activity of a prime mover Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Patricia ROMAIGUERE, Auteur; Thierry HASBRIUCQ, Auteur; Camille-Aimé POSSAMAI, Auteur; John SEAL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.197-201 Langues : Anglais (eng)   Résumé : In reaction time studies of stimulus-response compatibility, emphasis has been placed on the influence of spatial stimulus-response relationships, but what seems to be essential for the emergence of an effect of stimulus-response compatibility is the existence of a conceptual match between stimulus and response variables. This notion was at the origin of the present study to assess the compatibility relationship between the intensity of a visual stimulus and the force of a voluntary muscle contraction. A stimulus-response compatibility effect was demonstrated. This effect was entirely due to premotoric processes. Mots-clés : Fractionated-reaction-time  Visual-stimulus-intensity  Isometric-contraction  Man Plan de Classement : PER Périodiques [article] Intensity to force translation: a new effect of stimulus-response compatibility revealed by analysis of response time and electromyographic activity of a prime mover [texte imprimé] / Patricia ROMAIGUERE, Auteur; Thierry HASBRIUCQ, Auteur; Camille-Aimé POSSAMAI, Auteur; John SEAL, Auteur . - p.197-201. Langues : Anglais (eng) inCognitive Brain Research > 1-3 (October 1993) . - p.197-201   Résumé : In reaction time studies of stimulus-response compatibility, emphasis has been placed on the influence of spatial stimulus-response relationships, but what seems to be essential for the emergence of an effect of stimulus-response compatibility is the existence of a conceptual match between stimulus and response variables. This notion was at the origin of the present study to assess the compatibility relationship between the intensity of a visual stimulus and the force of a voluntary muscle contraction. A stimulus-response compatibility effect was demonstrated. This effect was entirely due to premotoric processes. Mots-clés : Fractionated-reaction-time  Visual-stimulus-intensity  Isometric-contraction  Man Plan de Classement : PER Périodiques

Chronometrical analysis of event-related potentials and reaction time in patients with multiple lacunar infarcts / Hisao TACHIBANA in Cognitive Brain Research (1-3, October 1993)

Public ISBD [article]  inCognitive Brain Research > 1-3 (October 1993) . - p.193-196 Titre : Chronometrical analysis of event-related potentials and reaction time in patients with multiple lacunar infarcts Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Hisao TACHIBANA, Auteur; Kazuo TODA, Auteur; Kazumi ARAGANE, Auteur; Minoru SUGITA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.193-196 Langues : Anglais (eng)   Résumé : We measured the visual event-related potentials (ERPs) and reaction time (RT) in 31 patients with multiple lacunar infarcts and 18 age-equivalent normal subjects. The N2 and RT latencies of the patients were significantly longer than those of normal subjects, although P2 and P3 latencies did not differ between the two groups. However, the time from N2 to RT did not differ between the two groups. These observations suggest that the impairment of cognitive information processing in these patients arises from an uncertainty in classifying the perceived event, while motor organization time is relatively well preserved. In addition, the N2 latency may be more sensitive in detecting cognitive impairment in such patients. Mots-clés : Event-related-potential  P3  N2  Reaction-time  Multiple-lacunar-infarct  Cognition Plan de Classement : PER Périodiques [article] Chronometrical analysis of event-related potentials and reaction time in patients with multiple lacunar infarcts [texte imprimé] / Hisao TACHIBANA, Auteur; Kazuo TODA, Auteur; Kazumi ARAGANE, Auteur; Minoru SUGITA, Auteur . - p.193-196. Langues : Anglais (eng) inCognitive Brain Research > 1-3 (October 1993) . - p.193-196   Résumé : We measured the visual event-related potentials (ERPs) and reaction time (RT) in 31 patients with multiple lacunar infarcts and 18 age-equivalent normal subjects. The N2 and RT latencies of the patients were significantly longer than those of normal subjects, although P2 and P3 latencies did not differ between the two groups. However, the time from N2 to RT did not differ between the two groups. These observations suggest that the impairment of cognitive information processing in these patients arises from an uncertainty in classifying the perceived event, while motor organization time is relatively well preserved. In addition, the N2 latency may be more sensitive in detecting cognitive impairment in such patients. Mots-clés : Event-related-potential  P3  N2  Reaction-time  Multiple-lacunar-infarct  Cognition Plan de Classement : PER Périodiques

Event-related brain potentials during natural speech processing: effects of semantic, morphological and syntactic violations / Angela D. FRIEDERICI in Cognitive Brain Research (1-3, October 1993)

Public ISBD [article]  inCognitive Brain Research > 1-3 (October 1993) . - p.183-192 Titre : Event-related brain potentials during natural speech processing: effects of semantic, morphological and syntactic violations Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Angela D. FRIEDERICI, Auteur; Erdmut PFEIFER, Auteur; Anja HAHNE Article en page(s) : p.183-192 Langues : Anglais (eng)   Résumé : The present study investigated different aspects of auditory language comprehension. The sentences which were presented as connected speech were either correct or incorrect including a semantic error (selectional restriction), a morphological error (verb inflection), or a syntactic error (phrase structure). After each sentence, a probe word was presented auditorily, and subjects had to decide whether this word was part of the preceding sentence or not. Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were recorded from 7 scalp electrodes. The ERPs evoked by incorrect sentences differed significantly from the correct ones as a function of error type. Semantic anomalies evoked a ‘classical’ N400 pattern. Morphological errors elicited a pronounced negativity between 300 and 600 ms followed by late positivity. Syntactic errors, in contrast, evoked an early negativity peaking around 180 ms followed by a negativity around 400 ms. The early negativity was only significant over the left anterior electrode. The present data demonstrate that linguistic errors of different categories evoke different ERP patterns. They indicate that with using connected speech as input, different aspects of language comprehension processes cannot only be described with respect to their temporal structure, but eventually also with respect to possible brain systems subserving these processes. Mots-clés : Event-related-potential  N400  Auditory-word-processing  Semantic-priming  Syntactic-priming Plan de Classement : PER Périodiques [article] Event-related brain potentials during natural speech processing: effects of semantic, morphological and syntactic violations [texte imprimé] / Angela D. FRIEDERICI, Auteur; Erdmut PFEIFER, Auteur; Anja HAHNE . - p.183-192. Langues : Anglais (eng) inCognitive Brain Research > 1-3 (October 1993) . - p.183-192   Résumé : The present study investigated different aspects of auditory language comprehension. The sentences which were presented as connected speech were either correct or incorrect including a semantic error (selectional restriction), a morphological error (verb inflection), or a syntactic error (phrase structure). After each sentence, a probe word was presented auditorily, and subjects had to decide whether this word was part of the preceding sentence or not. Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were recorded from 7 scalp electrodes. The ERPs evoked by incorrect sentences differed significantly from the correct ones as a function of error type. Semantic anomalies evoked a ‘classical’ N400 pattern. Morphological errors elicited a pronounced negativity between 300 and 600 ms followed by late positivity. Syntactic errors, in contrast, evoked an early negativity peaking around 180 ms followed by a negativity around 400 ms. The early negativity was only significant over the left anterior electrode. The present data demonstrate that linguistic errors of different categories evoke different ERP patterns. They indicate that with using connected speech as input, different aspects of language comprehension processes cannot only be described with respect to their temporal structure, but eventually also with respect to possible brain systems subserving these processes. Mots-clés : Event-related-potential  N400  Auditory-word-processing  Semantic-priming  Syntactic-priming Plan de Classement : PER Périodiques

A dynamical analysis of oscillatory responses in the optic tectum / Sergio NEUENSCHWANDER in Cognitive Brain Research (1-3, October 1993)

Public ISBD [article]  inCognitive Brain Research > 1-3 (October 1993) . - p.175-181 Titre : A dynamical analysis of oscillatory responses in the optic tectum Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Sergio NEUENSCHWANDER, Auteur; Jacques MARTINERIE, Auteur; Bernard RENAULT, Auteur; Fransisco J. VARELA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.175-181 Langues : Anglais (eng)   Résumé : Multi-unit recordings from the optic tectum of an awake pigeon displaying oscillatory behavior evoked by visual stimulus are highly non-stationary and contain a broad band of frequencies under a time-window analysis. Here we extend these observations by a non-linear dynamical analysis of these oscillatory signals (local fields potentials) in successive epochs during background activity and visual responses. Two numerical estimates have been obtained from the original data every 200 ms: (1) correlation dimension and (2) non-linear forecasting of the trajectories. Results from eight different recording sites analyzed are consistent and indicate, in the average, an increase in complexity of the signal during the oscillatory periods. Mots-clés : Optic-tectum  Oscillatory-response  Local-field-potential  Correlation-dimension  Non-linear-forecasting Plan de Classement : PER Périodiques [article] A dynamical analysis of oscillatory responses in the optic tectum [texte imprimé] / Sergio NEUENSCHWANDER, Auteur; Jacques MARTINERIE, Auteur; Bernard RENAULT, Auteur; Fransisco J. VARELA, Auteur . - p.175-181. Langues : Anglais (eng) inCognitive Brain Research > 1-3 (October 1993) . - p.175-181   Résumé : Multi-unit recordings from the optic tectum of an awake pigeon displaying oscillatory behavior evoked by visual stimulus are highly non-stationary and contain a broad band of frequencies under a time-window analysis. Here we extend these observations by a non-linear dynamical analysis of these oscillatory signals (local fields potentials) in successive epochs during background activity and visual responses. Two numerical estimates have been obtained from the original data every 200 ms: (1) correlation dimension and (2) non-linear forecasting of the trajectories. Results from eight different recording sites analyzed are consistent and indicate, in the average, an increase in complexity of the signal during the oscillatory periods. Mots-clés : Optic-tectum  Oscillatory-response  Local-field-potential  Correlation-dimension  Non-linear-forecasting Plan de Classement : PER Périodiques

Motion-onset visual-evoked potentials as a function of retinal eccentricity in man / Ljudmila SCHLYKOWA in Cognitive Brain Research (1-3, October 1993)

Public ISBD [article]  inCognitive Brain Research > 1-3 (October 1993) . - p.169-174 Titre : Motion-onset visual-evoked potentials as a function of retinal eccentricity in man Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Ljudmila SCHLYKOWA, Auteur; Bob W. VAN DIJK, Auteur; Walter H. EHRENSTEIN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.169-174 Langues : Anglais (eng)   Résumé : Visual-evoked potentials were elicited by the motion-onset of a black-and-white square-wave grating of 2.4 cycles/deg that drifted from right to left at a velocity of 3 deg/s. The center of the 2x2 deg stimulus field was binocularly viewed either foveally or at eccentricities of 6, 12, or 20 deg in the lower visual field along the vertical meridian. Peak-to-peak amplitudes P1-N2 and N2-P2 were found to decrease non-linearly as a function of eccentricity. The VEP-amplitudes were standardized by setting each foveal value to 100%, and a relative measure was derived for peripheral values given by the ratio of the peripheral to the foveal values. The decrease of the relative VEP-values with eccentricity was significantly smaller than that of the relative cortical magnification factor of striate cortex in man, whereas it agreed fairly well with that of the relative point-image size of the area MT in Macaque monkey. In this respect, the motion-onset VEP is distinct from the pattern-reversal VEP, the amplitude of which decreases much more rapidly with retinal eccentricity; hence, it may involve different generating structures of the brain. Mots-clés : Visual-motion  Visual-evoked-potential  Retinal-eccentricity  Cortical-magnification-factor  Man Plan de Classement : PER Périodiques [article] Motion-onset visual-evoked potentials as a function of retinal eccentricity in man [texte imprimé] / Ljudmila SCHLYKOWA, Auteur; Bob W. VAN DIJK, Auteur; Walter H. EHRENSTEIN, Auteur . - p.169-174. Langues : Anglais (eng) inCognitive Brain Research > 1-3 (October 1993) . - p.169-174   Résumé : Visual-evoked potentials were elicited by the motion-onset of a black-and-white square-wave grating of 2.4 cycles/deg that drifted from right to left at a velocity of 3 deg/s. The center of the 2x2 deg stimulus field was binocularly viewed either foveally or at eccentricities of 6, 12, or 20 deg in the lower visual field along the vertical meridian. Peak-to-peak amplitudes P1-N2 and N2-P2 were found to decrease non-linearly as a function of eccentricity. The VEP-amplitudes were standardized by setting each foveal value to 100%, and a relative measure was derived for peripheral values given by the ratio of the peripheral to the foveal values. The decrease of the relative VEP-values with eccentricity was significantly smaller than that of the relative cortical magnification factor of striate cortex in man, whereas it agreed fairly well with that of the relative point-image size of the area MT in Macaque monkey. In this respect, the motion-onset VEP is distinct from the pattern-reversal VEP, the amplitude of which decreases much more rapidly with retinal eccentricity; hence, it may involve different generating structures of the brain. Mots-clés : Visual-motion  Visual-evoked-potential  Retinal-eccentricity  Cortical-magnification-factor  Man Plan de Classement : PER Périodiques

The effects of age on the N200 component of the auditory event-related potentials / Hideo ENOKI in Cognitive Brain Research (1-3, October 1993)

Public ISBD [article]  inCognitive Brain Research > 1-3 (October 1993) . - p.161-167 Titre : The effects of age on the N200 component of the auditory event-related potentials Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Hideo ENOKI, Auteur; Satoshi SANADA, Auteur; Harumi YOSHINAGA, Auteur; Eiji OKA, Auteur; Shunsuke OHTAHARA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.161-167 Langues : Anglais (eng)   Résumé : This study was undertaken to determine the effects of development and aging on N200 of event-related potentials from childhood to adulthood. Event-related potentials were recorded from 164 normal subjects ranging in age from 4 to 77 years. A total of 127 of the 164 subjects demonstrated N200 peaks. N200 showed marked developmental changes. During childhood, the N200 latency decreased rapidly with age to the minimum (217±17.3 ms) at 16 years of age, while it was prolonged gradually with age during adulthood. The latency/age slope in the subjects from 5 to 15 years of age was -9.03 ms/year, while +0.97 ms/year in those from 16 to 77. The N200-P300 interpeak latency remained constant in all age groups and showed no age-related changes. The N200 amplitude decreased as age increased. Nineteen young cases showed N200 peaks to the frequent stimuli. Their ages ranged from 5 to 17 years. Our study suggests that N200 is valuable in evaluating the developmental and aging processes in the central nervous system. The results of this study could be used as normative data in clinical practices. Mots-clés : Event-related-potential  N200  P300  Child  Development  Aging Plan de Classement : PER Périodiques [article] The effects of age on the N200 component of the auditory event-related potentials [texte imprimé] / Hideo ENOKI, Auteur; Satoshi SANADA, Auteur; Harumi YOSHINAGA, Auteur; Eiji OKA, Auteur; Shunsuke OHTAHARA, Auteur . - p.161-167. Langues : Anglais (eng) inCognitive Brain Research > 1-3 (October 1993) . - p.161-167   Résumé : This study was undertaken to determine the effects of development and aging on N200 of event-related potentials from childhood to adulthood. Event-related potentials were recorded from 164 normal subjects ranging in age from 4 to 77 years. A total of 127 of the 164 subjects demonstrated N200 peaks. N200 showed marked developmental changes. During childhood, the N200 latency decreased rapidly with age to the minimum (217±17.3 ms) at 16 years of age, while it was prolonged gradually with age during adulthood. The latency/age slope in the subjects from 5 to 15 years of age was -9.03 ms/year, while +0.97 ms/year in those from 16 to 77. The N200-P300 interpeak latency remained constant in all age groups and showed no age-related changes. The N200 amplitude decreased as age increased. Nineteen young cases showed N200 peaks to the frequent stimuli. Their ages ranged from 5 to 17 years. Our study suggests that N200 is valuable in evaluating the developmental and aging processes in the central nervous system. The results of this study could be used as normative data in clinical practices. Mots-clés : Event-related-potential  N200  P300  Child  Development  Aging Plan de Classement : PER Périodiques

Topographic differences of slow event-related brain potentials in blind and sighted adult human subjects during haptic mental rotation / Frank ROSLER in Cognitive Brain Research (1-3, October 1993)

Public ISBD [article]  inCognitive Brain Research > 1-3 (October 1993) . - p.145-159 Titre : Topographic differences of slow event-related brain potentials in blind and sighted adult human subjects during haptic mental rotation Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Frank ROSLER, Auteur; Brigitte RODER, Auteur; Martin HEIL; Erwin HENNIGHAUSEN Article en page(s) : p.145-159 Langues : Anglais (eng)   Résumé : Twelve blindfolded sighted, nine congenitally blind, and seven adventitiously blind subjects were tested in a haptic mental rotation task while slow event-related potentials in the EEG were recorded from 17 scalp locations. The overall topography of the slow wave pattern which prevailed during the task differed for sighted and for blind, but not for congenitally and adventitiously blind subjects. While the tactile stimuli were encoded, the blind showed a pronounced occipital and the sighted a pronounced frontal activation. The task-specific amplitude increment of a negative slow wave which can be understood as a manifestation of the process of mental rotation proper, showed a different topography for sighted and for blind subjects too. It had its maximum over central to parietal cortical areas in both groups, but it extended more towards occipital regions in the blind. In both groups, the effects were very similar to those observed in former studies with visual versions of the mental rotation task, i.e. the slow wave amplitude over central to parietal areas increased monotonously with an increasing angular disparity of the two stimuli to be compared. These results are discussed with respect to the question of whether visual deprivation in the blind can cause a reorganization of cortical representational maps. Mots-clés : Blindness  Electroencephalogram  Slow-wave  Functional-organization-of-the-cortex  Cortical-plasticity  Haptic-mental-rotation  Cognition Plan de Classement : PER Périodiques [article] Topographic differences of slow event-related brain potentials in blind and sighted adult human subjects during haptic mental rotation [texte imprimé] / Frank ROSLER, Auteur; Brigitte RODER, Auteur; Martin HEIL; Erwin HENNIGHAUSEN . - p.145-159. Langues : Anglais (eng) inCognitive Brain Research > 1-3 (October 1993) . - p.145-159   Résumé : Twelve blindfolded sighted, nine congenitally blind, and seven adventitiously blind subjects were tested in a haptic mental rotation task while slow event-related potentials in the EEG were recorded from 17 scalp locations. The overall topography of the slow wave pattern which prevailed during the task differed for sighted and for blind, but not for congenitally and adventitiously blind subjects. While the tactile stimuli were encoded, the blind showed a pronounced occipital and the sighted a pronounced frontal activation. The task-specific amplitude increment of a negative slow wave which can be understood as a manifestation of the process of mental rotation proper, showed a different topography for sighted and for blind subjects too. It had its maximum over central to parietal cortical areas in both groups, but it extended more towards occipital regions in the blind. In both groups, the effects were very similar to those observed in former studies with visual versions of the mental rotation task, i.e. the slow wave amplitude over central to parietal areas increased monotonously with an increasing angular disparity of the two stimuli to be compared. These results are discussed with respect to the question of whether visual deprivation in the blind can cause a reorganization of cortical representational maps. Mots-clés : Blindness  Electroencephalogram  Slow-wave  Functional-organization-of-the-cortex  Cortical-plasticity  Haptic-mental-rotation  Cognition Plan de Classement : PER Périodiques

Chronic nicotine reverses working memory deficits caused by lesions of the fimbria or medial basalocortical projection / Edward D. LEVIN in Cognitive Brain Research (1-3, October 1993)

Public ISBD [article]  inCognitive Brain Research > 1-3 (October 1993) . - p.137-143 Titre : Chronic nicotine reverses working memory deficits caused by lesions of the fimbria or medial basalocortical projection Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Edward D. LEVIN, Auteur; N. Channelle CHRISTOPHER, Auteur; Sandra J. BRIGGS, Auteur; Jed E. ROSE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.137-143 Langues : Anglais (eng)   Résumé : Nicotine has been found in a variety of studies to improve performance in memory tasks. This study was conducted to determine if chronic nicotine administration is useful in counteracting the working memory deficits seen after lesions of the fimbria or the medial basalocortical projection. Rats were trained to asymptotic performance on a working memory version of the radial-arm maze. Then, they were given knife cut lesions of the fimbria or the medial basalocortical projection or underwent sham surgeries. At the time of surgery, rats in each treatment group were implanted with either nicotine-containing or placebo glass and Silastic pellets. Rats with fimbria or basalocortical lesions showed a significant decline in working memory performance. Chronic nicotine significantly improved choice accuracy in both lesioned and unlesioned rats. Nicotine treatment restored performance of the lesioned rats to control levels. These data show that in addition to improving memory performance in normal rats, nicotine can counteract lesion-induced memory impairments. Nicotine also may be useful for treatment of disease-related memory impairments such as seen in Alzheimer's disease. Mots-clés : Nicotine  Chronic  Lesion  Fimbria  Basalocortical-projection  Memory  Nicotinic-acetycholine  Radial-arm-maze Plan de Classement : PER Périodiques [article] Chronic nicotine reverses working memory deficits caused by lesions of the fimbria or medial basalocortical projection [texte imprimé] / Edward D. LEVIN, Auteur; N. Channelle CHRISTOPHER, Auteur; Sandra J. BRIGGS, Auteur; Jed E. ROSE, Auteur . - p.137-143. Langues : Anglais (eng) inCognitive Brain Research > 1-3 (October 1993) . - p.137-143   Résumé : Nicotine has been found in a variety of studies to improve performance in memory tasks. This study was conducted to determine if chronic nicotine administration is useful in counteracting the working memory deficits seen after lesions of the fimbria or the medial basalocortical projection. Rats were trained to asymptotic performance on a working memory version of the radial-arm maze. Then, they were given knife cut lesions of the fimbria or the medial basalocortical projection or underwent sham surgeries. At the time of surgery, rats in each treatment group were implanted with either nicotine-containing or placebo glass and Silastic pellets. Rats with fimbria or basalocortical lesions showed a significant decline in working memory performance. Chronic nicotine significantly improved choice accuracy in both lesioned and unlesioned rats. Nicotine treatment restored performance of the lesioned rats to control levels. These data show that in addition to improving memory performance in normal rats, nicotine can counteract lesion-induced memory impairments. Nicotine also may be useful for treatment of disease-related memory impairments such as seen in Alzheimer's disease. Mots-clés : Nicotine  Chronic  Lesion  Fimbria  Basalocortical-projection  Memory  Nicotinic-acetycholine  Radial-arm-maze Plan de Classement : PER Périodiques