Pubmed du 07/06/21
1. Ishikuro M, Murakami K, Yokozeki F, Onuma T, Noda A, Ueno F, Obara T, Kuriyama S. Hypertension in pregnancy as a possible factor for child autistic behavior at two years old. Pregnancy hypertension. 2021; 25: 88-90.
We investigated the association between hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) subtypes and child autistic behavior to accumulate the evidence. We found the association between superimposed preeclampsia and autistic behavior in children aged two years old by investigating 6794 mother-child pairs in the birth cohort study. Since early intervention for autism-spectrum disorder might be effective, it suggests that early prediction is necessary for children born of mothers who developed particularly superimposed preeclampsia to support their development. Not only for introducing early prediction, but also research for establishing effective intervention is necessary.
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2. Jaini R, Wolf MR, Yu Q, King AT, Frazier TW, Jr., Eng C. Maternal genetics influences fetal neurodevelopment and postnatal autism spectrum disorder-like phenotype by modulating in-utero immunosuppression. Translational psychiatry. 2021; 11(1): 348.
Genetic studies in ASD have mostly focused on the proband, with no clear understanding of parental genetic contributions to fetal neurodevelopment. Among parental etiological factors, perinatal maternal inflammation secondary to autoimmunity, infections, and toxins is associated with ASD. However, the inherent impact of maternal genetics on in-utero inflammation and fetal neurodevelopment in the absence of strong external inflammatory exposures is not known. We used the Pten(WT/m3m4) mouse model for ASD to demonstrate the impact of maternal genetics on the penetrance of ASD-like phenotypes in the offspring. Pten(WT/m3m4) (Mom(m3m4)) or Pten(WT/WT) (Mom(WT)) females, their offspring, and placental interface were analyzed for inflammatory markers, gene expression, and cellular phenotypes at E17.5. Postnatal behavior was tested by comparing pups from Mom(m3m4) vs. Mom(WT). Mothers of the Pten(WT/m3m4) genotype (Mom(m3m4)) showed inadequate induction of IL-10 mediated immunosuppression during pregnancy. Low IL-10 in the mother was directly correlated with decreased complement expression in the fetal liver. Fetuses from Mom(m3m4) had increased breakdown of the blood-brain-barrier, neuronal loss, and lack of glial cell maturation during in-utero stages. This impact of maternal genotype translated to a postnatal increase in the risk of newborn mortality, visible macrocephaly and ASD-like repetitive and social behaviors. Depending on maternal genotype, non-predisposed (wildtype) offspring showed ASD-like phenotypes, and phenotypic penetrance was decreased in predisposed pups from Mom(WT). Our study introduces the concept that maternal genetics alone, without any added external inflammatory insults, can modulate fetal neurodevelopment and ASD-related phenotypes in the offspring via alteration of IL-10 mediated materno-fetal immunosuppression.
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3. Khullar V, Singh HP, Agarwal AK. Spoken buddy for individuals with autism spectrum disorder. Asian journal of psychiatry. 2021; 62: 102712.
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4. Pérez-Vigil A, Ilzarbe D, Garcia-Delgar B, Morer A, Pomares M, Puig O, Lera-Miguel S, Rosa M, Romero M, Calvo Escalona R, Lázaro L. Theory of mind in neurodevelopmental disorders: Beyond autistic spectrum disorder. Neurologia (Barcelona, Spain). 2021.
INTRODUCTION: Theory of mind (ToM) is the human ability to perceive, interpret, and attribute the mental states of other people, and the alteration of this cognitive function is a core symptom of autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). In such other neurodevelopmental disorders as childhood-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and Tourette syndrome (TS) that can present with cognitive dysfunctions, ToM has been less extensively studied, especially in the young population. The aim of the study was to compare advanced ToM between groups of young people diagnosed with OCD, TS, or ASD and a control group. METHODS: Clinical interviews were conducted with male patients aged between 11 and 17 years with a main diagnosis of OCD (n=19), TS (n=14), or ASD (n=18), and a control group (n=20). We administered instruments for estimating intelligence quotient and severity of psychiatric symptoms, and tasks to evaluate ToM (the « Stories from everyday life » task and the « Reading the mind in the eyes » test). RESULTS: Young people with TS and with ASD present similar difficulties in solving advanced ToM tasks, whereas patients with childhood-onset OCD present similar results to controls. CONCLUSIONS: ToM is altered in other neurodevelopmental disorders beyond ASD, such as TS.
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5. Perrel F. Integrative review about somatic care improvement tools for people with autistic syndrome disorder. Perspectives in psychiatric care. 2021.
PURPOSE: Perform an integrative literature review on ways to improve somatic care access for people with autistic spectrum disorders (PASD). DESIGN AND METHODS: Integrative review as described by Whittemore and Kanfl methodology has been chosen by the author to concatenate knowledge about somatic care situation and existing processes that could improve its access for PASD. The PRISMA diagram was applied for its synthetic and visual modeling of the research process. FINDINGS: Barriers that reduce somatic care access were discussed by five of the six selected articles, which suggest fields of improvement by using bio-psycho-sensorial profiling tools for PASD, healthcare preparation protocols, or visual pathway tools to prevent behavioral disorders. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Somatic care access for people with autism is improved by the tools presented in this review.
