Pubmed du 08/12/24
1. Bullen JC, Birkeneder SL, Zajic MC, Lerro LS, McIntyre N, Sparapani N, Mundy P. Longitudinal stability and Autism Diagnostic Observation Scale-2 predictors of the Childhood Joint Attention Rating Scale. Autism;2024 (Dec 7):13623613241304208.
This study tested a measure designed to capture social development in childhood and adolescence called the Childhood Joint Attention Rating Scale. This is important to study as most measures of social behavior are for preschool-aged children. We asked parents of 64 autistic children, 27 children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and 36 neurotypical children to fill out a new parent questionnaire designed to assess social skills. Specifically, our measure asks about both strengths and difficulties their child has with sharing experiences, engaging in cooperative efforts with others, and more. It is important to have strengths included in measures, as many autism measures only take difficulties into account. The findings of this study show that this new measure can assess social skill strengths and difficulties in children and adolescents. This measure may be useful in future research to help us understand how strengths and challenges in social behaviors develop or change throughout childhood and adolescence in autistic people.
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2. Dehnavi F, Khan A. Executive function among adults with autism spectrum disorder: An eye-tracking study. Appl Neuropsychol Adult;2024 (Dec 7):1-13.
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by social communication deficits and repetitive behaviors. Eye movement abnormalities are common in ASD, suggesting underlying cognitive impairments such as working memory and response inhibition. However, several investigations suggest deficits in inhibitory control and working memory among individuals with ASD, whereas others indicate performance levels similar to typically developing individuals. The variability observed in executive function (EF) profiles across various tasks and age cohorts underscores the intricate interplay between ASD and cognitive functioning. Therefore, to bridge these gaps and gain a comprehensive understanding of the specific components of EF affected by ASD, this study used eye-tracking technology to analyze cognitive processing. In the working memory task, the clinical group comprised adults with ASD (N = 52), aged between 25 and 47 years (M = 31.65 years, SD = 6.05), while the control group (non-ASD) included individuals (N = 53), aged between 25 and 55 years (M = 33.15 years, SD = 5.92). For the response inhibition task, the clinical group consisted of adults with ASD (N = 50), aged between 25 and 47 years (M = 31.66 years, SD = 6.153), and the control group comprising individuals (N = 56), aged between 25 and 55 years (M = 33.03 years, SD = 5.80). The study revealed that individuals with ASD demonstrate notable impairments and increased errors in EF, encompassing inhibitory control and working memory when compared to non-ASD individuals. Additionally, individuals with ASD exhibited differences in fixation duration, saccade count, and fixation count compared to their non-ASD counterparts, further highlighting the distinct cognitive profile associated with ASD. Analyzing EF in adults with ASD through eye movement patterns provides valuable insights into the underlying cognitive processes and attentional mechanisms at play.
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3. Gyamenah P, Burrows K, Rai D, Joinson C. Associations of Autistic Traits and Autism with Incontinence and Constipation in a UK Birth Cohort. J Autism Dev Disord;2024 (Dec 7)
There is evidence that children with autism/autistic traits have higher risks of incontinence and constipation, but no studies have examined this in a large community-based cohort. Aim/Research question: are autistic traits and diagnosed autism prospectively associated with increased odds of incontinence and constipation in children and adolescents? This was a population-based cohort study based on data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (n = 4233-4490 at age 9 years; n = 3403-3697 at age 14). We used multivariable logistic regression to examine associations of parent-reported autistic traits (sociability, repetitive behaviours, social-communication, coherence) (at ages 3-9 years) and autism with incontinence (bedwetting, daytime-wetting, soiling) and constipation (parent-reported at age 9, self-reported at age 14). We adjusted for parity, maternal age at delivery, child’s sex and developmental level, maternal depression, and anxiety (antenatal and postnatal), and indicators of family socioeconomic status. Social-communication and speech coherence difficulties showed the strongest associations with incontinence, e.g., adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association between social-communication difficulties and daytime-wetting was 2.21 (1.47-3.32) and for coherence was 2.34 (1.60-3.43). The odds of soiling were also higher in children with social-communication (OR: 1.88, 95% CI 1.28-2.75) and coherence difficulties (OR: 2.04, 95% CI 1.43-2.93). Diagnosed autism was only associated with an increase in the odds of daytime-wetting (OR: 3.18, 95% CI 1.44-7.02). At 14 years, there was less evidence of associations between autistic traits and incontinence but there was evidence of associations between autistic traits and constipation: social-communication (OR: 1.68, 95% CI 1.13-2.49), coherence difficulties (OR: 1.64, 95% CI 1.11-2.41). Early assessment and treatment of incontinence/constipation should be considered for children with autistic traits.
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4. Hossein Ranjbar A, Jabari A, Zarouni F. Comparison of DMFT in 6-12 Years Old Children with Autism Disorder Compared to Healthy Children. Iran Biomed J;2024 (Dec 1);28(7):1.
INTRODUCTION: Dental caries are the most common chronic disease, with risk factors including a high number of caries, high sugar consumption, inadequate saliva flow, poor oral hygiene, and poverty. To measure decay, an index must be reliable and countable. One of the most popular indicators is the DMFT index, which is very valuable for calculating the number of teeth affected by decay. METHODS AND MATERIALS: This cross-sectional control study included the experience of caries and DMFT index of 45 children of Khorramabad Autism Society in 1402 in Khorramabad City and 180 healthy children. Information about parents’ age, sex, and education level was recorded, and children were examined under natural light using explorers and mirrors. Data analysis was finally conducted using SPSS 26 software. RESULTS: After excluding uncooperative samples, 39 autistic and 176 healthy children entered the study, including 10 girls and 29 autistic boys and 66 girls and 110 healthy boys. The average age of autistic children was 9.4, and for healthy children was 9.2. The average DMFT for children with autism and healthy children was 5.71 and 3.44, respectively. The education level of more parents in the healthy group was a bachelor’s degree, while in the autism group, mothers predominantly held diplomas or lower, and fathers typically held bachelor’s degrees. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION: According to the findings of this study, the DMFT index in children with autism is higher than in healthy children. Additionally, the DMFT index does not appear to be related to the gender and education level of the parents. However, among autistic children whose mothers hold a bachelor’s degree, the DMFT index was found to decrease. Furthermore, the DMFT index tends to converge with age, increasing as children grow older.
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5. Menezo YJR, Elder K. Assessing the impact of medically assisted reproduction on autism spectrum disorder risk: The current scientific knowledge. J Assist Reprod Genet;2024 (Dec 7)
