1. Ahmed T, Sarhat E. ASSOCIATION OF ADIPOKINES AND VITAMIN D IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER. Georgian Med News. 2025; (367): 212-5.

BACKGROUND: This study tested the serum concentration of vitamin D, leptin as a biomolecule in serum of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). METHODS: Blood samples were obtained from (50) patients with autism, compared with healthy group as a control (30). Leptin, irisin and visfatin was detected. RESULTS: The amounts of leptin and visfatin were much higher in autistic group than healthy control group. Also, there was a significant reduction in vitamin D and irisin in the serum vitamin D, and irisin in autistic patients in comparison with control groups (p<0.0001 and p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Children presented with ASD presented with lower levels of serum vitamin D, and irisin. Also, another common factor in the diagnosis in autistic children, were higher levels of visfatin, and leptin possibly contributing to the onset and severity of ASD.

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

2. Almulla AA, Ayasrah MN. Identifying Core Joint Attention Behaviors and Exploring Pathways to Autistic Traits in School-Aged Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Network Analysis Study. J Autism Dev Disord. 2025.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify core joint attention behaviors and examine their network structures and associations with autistic traits in school-aged children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). METHODS: A total of 183 children with ASD (mean age = 7.33 ± 1.11 years; 67.8% male) were recruited. Participants were assessed using the Childhood Joint Attention Rating Scale (C-JARS) and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). Network models of joint attention behaviors were estimated to identify central and bridge behaviors relating to core autistic traits. RESULTS: Network analysis revealed key behavioral dyads including sharing interests with cooperative digital play, and conversational engagement paired with gaze aversion during requests. Central hub behaviors such as helping others, hyperfocus on inanimate objects, and recalling shared positive experiences showed the highest influence within the joint attention network. Gaze avoidance and lack of shared interest were less central. Bridge analysis demonstrated that imitation and relating to people had strong negative associations with joint attention difficulties, suggesting that greater joint attention corresponds to lower severity of certain autistic traits. CONCLUSION: The findings highlight distinct joint attention profiles in children with ASD and underscore imitation as a critical intervention target to improve social communication. This network-based approach offers nuanced insights into social communication deficits and supports the development of tailored therapeutic strategies for ASD.

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

3. Barros RCB, Ferreira EB, Silva P, Khalil MM, Oliveira APM. Intervention characteristics and speech therapy strategies in care for autistic children in health services: a scoping review. Codas. 2025; 37(6): e20250012.

PURPOSE: to identify and systematize speech therapy practices with autistic children in healthcare services reported as an evaluative and therapeutic strategy in Brazil. RESEARCH STRATEGIES: a scoping review following the guidelines of the Joanna Briggs Institute and PRISMA-ScR. Articles, essays, reviews, and gray literature available until July 4, 2024, were retrieved from databases such as PubMed, Scielo, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest Central, Embase, EBSCOhost, BVS, BDTD, and Google Scholar. Reference lists and relevant systematic reviews were also checked for additional documents. SELECTION CRITERIA: based on the PCC format (Participants: autistic children aged 2 to 12 years; Concept: speech therapy assessment and treatment strategies; Context: Brazil). DATA ANALYSIS: data were extracted using a pre-designed matrix considering author, type/year of publication, objective, sample, autism concept, type/strategy of intervention, setting, and conclusion. Descriptive quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed. RESULTS: a total of 49 studies were included in the review, allowing the identification that speech therapy practices targeting autistic children in Brazilian healthcare services predominantly involve therapeutic and evaluative approaches, mainly carried out in university clinics. CONCLUSION: although speech therapy has advanced in the personalization of care and adaptation of therapeutic strategies, there is still a predominance of interventions focused on diagnosis and rehabilitation, with a limited number of studies addressing health promotion and social inclusion actions.

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

4. Bjørklund G. Zinc deficiency and zinc/copper ratio imbalance in autism spectrum disorder: a reanalysis of six multinational studies. Biometals. 2025.

Disturbances in zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) homeostasis have emerged as reproducible biochemical features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study presents an integrative reanalysis of six investigations (2014-2025) encompassing serum, whole-blood, and plasma measurements in ASD cases and controls, and one supplementation trial. Three case-control studies reporting mean ± SD values in circulating matrices were meta-analyzed. Circulating Zn levels were significantly lower in ASD (fixed-effect Hedges’ g = -0.95; 95% CI -1.22 to -0.68; Q = 1.72, p = 0.42; I(2) = 0%; Egger intercept = 4.86, one-sided p = 0.044). The Zn/Cu ratio showed greater dispersion (random-effects g = -1.28; 95% CI -2.59 to 0.03; Q = 39.5, p < 0.001; I(2) = 95%), driven primarily by one cohort (leave-one-out g = -0.63; 95% CI -0.99 to -0.26). In Brazilian subjects, plasma Zn and Cu fell within reference ranges, consistent with short-term plasma buffering of marginal deficits. In an Egyptian 12-week oral elemental Zn intervention in children with ASD, serum Cu fell by ~8%, circulating metallothionein (MT) protein increased, and CARS and TGMD-2 motor scores improved. MT-1A gene expression changed with Zn. Taken together, the evidence indicates that Zn insufficiency and altered Cu homeostasis are recurring features of ASD and that oral elemental Zn lowers serum Cu and increases MT.

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

5. Brown D, Procyshyn TL, Allison C, Neyroud E, Baron-Cohen S. Neurodiversity in Custody: Screening Results for ADHD and Autistic Traits in Individuals Arrested by the London Metropolitan Police. Crim Behav Ment Health. 2025.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have identified high rates of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism in incarcerated populations. Despite such findings and the potential benefits of screening for undiagnosed autism and ADHD at earlier stages of police contact, such efforts are rare. AIMS: To screen arrested individuals for ADHD and autistic traits while in police custody. METHODS: Over an 8-week period, individuals arrested and detained at six police custody centres in London, UK, were offered screening for ADHD and autistic traits. ADHD traits were assessed using a modified version of the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) and autistic traits using the 10-item Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ-10). Screening was carried out in person at the custody site by a healthcare professional, designated detention officer or arresting police officer. Individuals who screened above the thresholds (≥ 21 for ASRS, ≥ 6 for AQ-10) were informed and provided additional information on how to seek a formal diagnosis. RESULTS: Of 303 eligible arrestees, 216 (71.3%) consented to screening. The screening tools identified 50% and 5% of arrestees without an existing diagnosis as warranting further assessment for ADHD and autism, respectively. ADHD and autism trait scores were correlated (r = 0.30, p < 0.01). Nearly 60% of individuals arrested for drug offences had an existing diagnosis or positive screening result for ADHD. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest high rates of ADHD and autistic traits in arrestees, particularly among individuals arrested for drug offences. Screening for ADHD and autism at early stages of police contact could serve as a key opportunity to identify undiagnosed individuals and inform appropriate management.

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

6. Buckles D, Seward R, Redner R. A comparison of the Don’t Stop! Game and the Step it UP! Game to increase step counts of adults with disabilities. J Appl Behav Anal. 2026; 59(1): e70044.

The Step it UP! Game, a modified version of the Good Behavior Game (GBG), has previously been shown to increase physical activity levels among elementary school children and adults with disabilities. The purpose of this study was to compare a novel modification of the GBG targeting physical activity, the Don’t Stop! Game, with the Step it UP! Game. Participants included 14 young adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Three conditions were alternated randomly within a multielement design: baseline, Step it UP! Game (in which the team with the most steps wins a prize), and Don’t Stop! Game (in which the team with the fewest demerits for standing still wins a prize). All 14 participants had higher steps per minute during intervention conditions relative to baseline, but the degree of difference between intervention conditions differed across participants. The Don’t Stop! Game was preferred by more participants.

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

7. Cavenaghi A, Mallah NEZ, Navarro L, Martinón-Torres F, Gómez-Carballa A, Salas A. Decoding the peripheral transcriptomic and meta-genomic response to music in autism spectrum disorder via saliva-based RNA sequencing. Front Mol Biosci. 2025; 12: 1696704.

INTRODUCTION: Behavioral interventions for autism spectrum disorder show variable outcomes, highlighting the need for complementary therapies. Music-based interventions are promising, yet their molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Saliva-based RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) provides a non-invasive framework to monitor neuroimmune and metabolic dynamics, but its application in autism remains underexplored. METHODS: We explored the buccal transcriptional effects of music exposure in five individuals with autism (8-37 years; 60% female). To overcome saliva-specific limitations, we combined Poly-A selection and Human-Enriched protocols preparation methods to enhance human transcript detection and reproducibility while capturing microbial signals. RESULTS: Individually, each dataset revealed a few differentially expressed genes, but integrated analysis improved biological resolution. Consistently modulated genes included HERC6, TSPAN5, and REM2, involved in neurodevelopmental and immune functions. Enrichment analyses highlighted pathways associated with immune regulation, oxidative phosphorylation, and epithelial differentiation, hallmarks of autism, such as immune dysregulation and mitochondrial dysfunction. Co-expression network analysis identified modules correlated with music exposure. The AKNA module, previously linked to autism, was downregulated and enriched for Ras-related GTPase and immune pathways, suggesting modulation of intracellular signaling and inflammation. Conversely, upregulation of the UBE2D3 module indicated activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress responses, a contributor to autism. Exploratory metagenomics identified 15 microbial species responsive to music exposure, including Acidipropionibacterium acidipropionici and Propionibacterium freudenreichii, producers of propionic acid, a metabolite associated with autism-like behaviors and neuroinflammation. CONCLUSION: Saliva-based RNA-seq can stably capture transcriptomic and microbial responses to behavioral stimuli. Music exposure modulates neuroimmune pathways relevant to autism, supporting the biological plausibility of music therapy and demonstrating saliva-based RNA-seq as a viable, non-invasive tool for monitoring intervention outcomes.

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

8. Cheak-Zamora N, Smith J, Howard M, Malow B, Sohl K, Mazurek M. The Power of ECHO Autism: Improving Confidence and Holistic Care for Autistic Adults. J Intellect Disabil Res. 2025.

BACKGROUND: Autistic adults describe difficulties accessing high-quality primary care services. Primary care practitioners (PCPs) report a lack of confidence and knowledge in working with autistic adults. The Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO) model is a longitudinal clinician education program that utilises a ‘hub and spoke’ model, community-building strategies and peer case-based learning to improve the care of patients with medical complexity. METHODS: The present study utilised the ECHO model (‘ECHO Autism Adult Healthcare’) to train PCPs in how to best care for autistic adults. We used a qualitative approach to examine the PCPs’ subjective experiences of participating in the training. We used a qualitative descriptive framework to explore the experiences of 22 PCPs who completed the ECHO Autism Adult Healthcare program. Semi-structured Zoom interviews examined the support and education needs of PCPs and the benefits and challenges of the program. Three researchers worked collaboratively to code transcripts, testing inter-rater reliability to establish reliability and coding consistency. RESULTS: Four themes were identified: (1) the benefits of hearing from a wide range of perspectives, (2) establishing and supporting an interactive and engaging climate, (3) building a sense of community and (4) the meaningfulness and usability of resources and information. Overall, participants appreciated the multidisciplinary hub team members’ expertise, especially those with lived experiences. Several participants enjoyed the ECHO format, as it encourages active discussion and engagement. PCPs indicated that they felt connected with the hub team and participants. They remarked on the usefulness of provided resources and their ability to implement them into clinical care. CONCLUSION: These results can guide the development and implementation of future training programs. The ECHO model has the potential to become a best practice for delivering medical education. Broad implementation of the ECHO model shows significant benefits for PCPs and patients with medical complexity compared to more traditional forms of CME.

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

9. Chen Y, Fu S, Sit TPH, Wynshaw-Boris A. PTEN variant and genetic backgrounds combine to modify cerebellar neuronal differentiation in autism spectrum disorder. Hum Mol Genet. 2025.

Mutations in the PTEN gene have been implicated in autism spectrum disorders (ASD), particularly among individuals with comorbid macrocephaly. In our previous study, we demonstrated that the PTEN p.Ile135Leu variant, in an ASD-related genetic background dependent fashion, disrupts both cortical neurogenesis and gliogenesis. While abnormal cerebellar development is a recognized feature of ASD, the specific cellular targets and timing of disruptions during cerebellar differentiation and development remain poorly understood. To investigate these aspects, we applied our previously established cerebellar organoid protocol and used isogenic human iPSC lines harboring this PTEN-variant. We examined the expression of Purkinje cells, granule cells, interneurons, and glial cells prior to 22 weeks of differentiation, assessed genes expression at 8 weeks, and evaluated spontaneous spikes activity in Purkinje cells after 11 weeks. We observed that cell-type-specific expression patterns differed between the PTEN p.Ile135Leu variant in control versus ASD-genetic backgrounds. However, these background differences were diminished in PTEN knockout lines across both backgrounds. Our single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) dataset revealed that the PTEN p.Ile135Leu variant increased the number of interneuron progenitor cells, whereas PTEN knockout led to an expansion of meningeal-like cells in both genetic contexts. Moreover, both the PTEN p.Ile135Leu variant and PTEN knockout abolished spontaneous simple spikes activity in Purkinje cells across both backgrounds, including PTEN-corrected patient-derived lines. Together, these findings provide direct evidence linking PTEN dysfunction and genetic background to altered cerebellar differentiation and neuronal network activity in human cerebellar organoids.

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

10. Cho YJ, Kim E, Kim YS, Kim HH, Kim J, Shin B, Di Martino A, Leventhal BL. Impact of COVID-19 on Adaptive Skills and Psychiatric Symptoms in South Korean Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder. JAACAP Open. 2025; 3(4): 1118-28.

OBJECTIVE: We examine the effect of COVID-19 on South Korean children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), using a comprehensive online caregiver survey. METHOD: Caregivers of 132 children were recruited among 292 children identified with ASD in a large general population epidemiologic cohort from a suburban South Korean city. Using the Korean translation of the CoRonavIruS Health Impact Survey, adapted for autism and related neurodevelopmental conditions (CRISIS-AFAR), data were collected at 3 time points (3 months before the pandemic, from January to June of 2021, and 3-4 months after). Changes in adaptive living skills, lower- and higher-order restrictive and repetitive behaviors (RRBs), co-occurring problem behaviors (activity/attention, oppositional, and anxiety/affect) were assessed over time. Characteristics of more vulnerable subgroups were identified. RESULTS: Among 132 children with ASD (81.1% boys, mean 12.6 ± 1.88 years of age), a significantly larger proportion maintained their initial level of adaptive living skills (43.9%), RRBs (39.4%-51.5%), and co-occurring problem behaviors (>75%) when compared with the proportion of children who worsened or fluctuated (p < .001). Less than 25% of the participants showed worsening in any domain from the first to second time point and from the second to third time point. Participants who demonstrated stability in activity/attention problem behaviors and lower-order RRBs had significantly better baseline physical health (p = .032) and higher intelligence, greater ability to attend general education, and milder language deficits (all p = .027). CONCLUSION: The majority of South Korean children with ASD demonstrated stability despite the lack of consistency or structure during the pandemic. A 2-year longitudinal follow-up study is underway. Caregivers of 132 South Korean children with autism rated their children's behaviors at 3 months before the pandemic began and at two timepoints during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021. A larger group of children maintained their initial levels of adaptive functioning, autism symptoms, and co-occurring behavioral problems. Fewer than 25% showed progressive worsening over time, highlighting the resilience of a majority of children with autism during this difficult period. The study also found that better physical health was protective against behavioral challenges, while children with more severe autism symptoms, or cognitive difficulties, needed additional support—especially in environments lacking consistency and structure. eng.

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

11. Darghouthi M, Soltani I, Bahia W, Slaymi C, Guedria A, Gaddour N, Almawi WY, Ferchichi S. Genetic Association and Functional Prediction of PTEN and TSC1 3’UTR Variants in Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Tunisian Patients. Mol Neurobiol. 2025; 63(1): 280.

ASD etiology may be influenced by non-coding single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 3′ untranslated regions (3’UTRs). These variations can affect post-transcriptional regulation by altering RNA structure and miRNA binding patterns. PTEN and TSC1, two key regulators of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, are promising candidate genes for ASD. We performed a case-control study involving 108 individuals diagnosed with ASD and 184 healthy matched controls from the Tunisian population. Four specific 3’UTR SNPs (PTEN: rs701848, rs34140758; TSC1: rs739442, rs2809244) were analyzed through genotyping. Statistical associations were assessed using various genetic inheritance models, with multivariate logistic regression adjusting for gender, family psychiatric history, and parental age. A thorough bioinformatics approach was applied, which included miRNASNP-v3 for predicting altered miRNA binding sites, RNAhybrid for calculating the minimum free energy (MFE) of miRNA-mRNA duplexes, PhyloP and phastCons for evolutionary conservation analysis, and mfold for modeling RNA secondary structures. PTEN rs701848 showed a significant statistical association with ASD risk that remained significant after correction for multiple testing (corrected p < .0004), while TSC1 rs739442 showed a suggestive association (p = .009, corrected p = .036). Systematic functional assessment using multi-criteria evaluation identified rs701848 as having high predicted functional impact (extensive miRNA binding changes, including loss of neurodevelopmental miR-129 sites, high conservation (PhyloP = 2.24), and altered RNA stability), while rs739442 showed moderate impact, and rs2809244 minimal predicted functional significance. For mutant alleles, RNA structure modeling showed slight decreases in mRNA stability, which might affect transcript accessibility to regulatory factors. Evolutionary conservation analysis demonstrated that rs701848 and rs34140758 reside in highly conserved areas, whereas rs739442 and rs2809244 are in less evolutionarily conserved regions. By integrating population-genetics data with bioinformatics predictions, this study supports the relevance of non-coding SNPs as biological risk factors for ASD. It emphasizes their functional significance in modulating post-transcriptional gene regulation mechanisms.

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

12. de Wit MM, Morgan MJ, Libedinsky I, Austerberry C, Begeer S, Abdellaoui A, Ronald A, Polderman TJC. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Phenotypic Correlates of the Autism Polygenic Score. JAACAP Open. 2025; 3(4): 839-51.

OBJECTIVE: Genetic factors play a substantial role in the etiology of autism and its co-occurrence with other conditions and traits. The primary objective of this study was to clarify the associations between the autism polygenic score and autism diagnosis, autistic traits, and related behavioral and neurobiological traits. METHOD: Peer-reviewed studies written in English reporting univariate associations were included. PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Scopus were systematically searched on November 2, 2022, and January 6, 2023. The quality of included studies was assessed using the QUIPS tool, systematic review with best-evidence synthesis was applied, and meta-analyses were performed if >5 studies were conducted on similar phenotypes. RESULTS: Of 72 eligible studies (pooled N = 720,087), 61 received high-quality ratings. Meta-analysis of 9 studies revealed strong evidence for an association between the autism polygenic score and autism diagnosis (meta-analytic r = 0.158 [95% CI 0.067-0.249]). The systematic review revealed strong evidence for an association with social behavior, depression, and motor skills and weak evidence for physical activity. Associations with other outcomes were inconclusive, and effect sizes were generally small (median r = 0.03). CONCLUSION: The autism polygenic score is consistently associated with autism diagnosis and a small number of co-occurring traits. Associations with many other traits and conditions are not significant. Due to its inconsistent associations and limited generalizability, it must be emphasized that the autism polygenic score does not have clinical utility and should be applied only for scientific purposes, with improvements needed for a deeper understanding of the polygenic underpinnings of autism. DIVERSITY & INCLUSION STATEMENT: One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented sexual and/or gender groups in science. We actively worked to promote sex and gender balance in our author group. While citing references scientifically relevant for this work, we also actively worked to promote sex and gender balance in our reference list. The author list of this paper includes contributors from the location and/or community where the research was conducted who participated in the data collection, design, analysis, and/or interpretation of the work. STUDY REGISTRATION INFORMATION: The Association Between Polygenic Scores for Autism Spectrum Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder and Associated Traits: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42022307993. This systematic review examined how the autism genetic risk score is linked to autism diagnosis and related traits. The findings showed a consistent link between the autism genetic score and autism diagnosis, as well as some related traits like social behavior, depression, and motor skills, though most other associations were small or inconclusive. The results emphasize that while the autism polygenic score (PGS) provides important insights for research, it lacks clinical utility at this time. eng.

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

13. Furukawa M, Wada-Hiraike O, Enomoto Y, Tsuchimochi S, Iriyama T, Sasabuchi Y, Yasunaga H, Hirota Y, Osuga Y. Association of maternal endometriosis with autism spectrum disorder in offspring: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2025.

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

14. Gardiner JHt. « Why can’t you be normal? »: an urgent call for social and institutional inclusivity of neurodivergent scientists in STEM workplaces. mBio. 2025; 16(12): e0087325.

The number of autistic people is growing rapidly. Among other traits, autism results in significantly more rational and objective thought patterns, and thus, neurodivergent students pursue education and employment in STEM fields at higher rates. However, autistic scientists experience discrimination and more career setbacks than neurotypical scientists. Despite the myth of scientific meritocracy, there are pervasive social expectations to « behave normally » and « fit in, » encouraging the camouflaging of autistic traits, which can contribute to anxiety, depression, and suicidality. The literature is conclusive: it is the obligation not of autistic scientists to change but of their managers, coworkers, administrators, and society to be more inclusive, accommodating, and tolerant of neurodivergent perspectives in work environments.

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

15. Hoffmann A, Berry-Kravis E, Brady N. Early Pragmatic Communication in Autism and Fragile X Syndrome. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2025; 68(12): 5978-93.

PURPOSE: Autism and fragile X syndrome (FXS) are both associated with pragmatic communication difficulties, but the pattern of strengths and weaknesses varies. Early pragmatic communication skills include using communication for different functions, such as behavior regulation or establishing/maintaining joint attention. This study examines naturalistic samples of communication to assess pragmatic function variables in very young children with autism, FXS, and typical development (TD). METHOD: Using the Communication Complexity Scale, standardized communication samples were collected from children with autism (n = 10), FXS (n = 10), and TD (n = 10), matched on spoken word count. Patterns of overall communication and pragmatic functions are provided. The relationships between pragmatic communication and cognition, receptive language, expressive language, and autistic symptomatology were assessed. Group differences in the amount and complexity of the pragmatic functions of behavior regulation and joint attention were analyzed. RESULTS: Descriptively different patterns of overall communication and pragmatic functions emerged between groups, with lower amounts of joint attention in the group with autism. Trends toward significant correlations between expressive language and both pragmatic functions in FXS as well as behavior regulation and cognition in the FXS and TD groups emerged. There were no significant group differences. CONCLUSIONS: Findings highlight possible early differences in pragmatic communication between autism and FXS. Clinicians need to consider nuanced differences between groups.

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

16. Lee H, Tran NB, Lee SJ. Astrocytic gatekeeping of neural circuitry and synaptic balance in an autism mouse model: mechanistic insights beyond Gryllus bimaculatus extract-derived therapy. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2025; 13: 1677851.

BACKGROUND: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by impaired synaptic development and disrupted excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance. While neuronal mechanisms have been extensively studied, accumulating evidence indicates that glial cells-particularly astrocytes-play a crucial role in maintaining synaptic homeostasis and regulating neurotransmission during brain development. However, the functional contribution of astrocytes to ASD pathogenesis remains insufficiently defined. METHODS: This study aimed to explore astrocyte-mediated regulation of E/I balance in ASD using Gryllus bimaculatus (Gb) extract as a neuroprotective biological probe. A valproic acid (VPA)-induced ASD mouse model was established, and glial-neuronal interactions were assessed through analyses of neural progenitor cells, primary cortical neurons, astrocytes, and neuron-astrocyte co-cultures. RESULTS: Gb extract reversed VPA-induced alterations in neural progenitor proliferation and differentiation and restored expression of key synaptic proteins (neuroligins, neurexin, synaptophysin). Notably, astrocyte-specific markers (GFAP, EAAT1/2) and E/I-related transporters (vGluT1, VGAT, GABA R1α, NMDA R1) were dysregulated in the ASD model and normalized by Gb treatment. Co-culture experiments demonstrated that astrocytes from VPA-treated animals, rather than neurons alone, were primarily responsible for E/I imbalance and synaptic abnormalities. Gb extract acted as a modulator of astrocytic function, restoring synaptic integrity and neurodevelopmental stability. CONCLUSION: Our findings underscore the pivotal role of astrocytes in the development and modulation of ASD-related synaptic pathology. Gb extract served as a valuable biological tool to reveal glial contributions to synaptic regulation and E/I balance. These insights support targeting astrocytic pathways with Gb extract as a novel therapeutic strategy for ASD.

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

17. Liao X, Long J, Wang X, Han K, Tang Z, Chen J, Zhang Y, Zhang H. Correction: Multi-omics reveals cross-tissue regulatory mechanisms of autism risk loci via gut microbiota-immunity-brain axis. AMB Express. 2025; 15(1): 176.

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

18. Libster N, Adams RE, Bishop S, Zheng S, Taylor JL. Associations Between Negative Social Experiences and Depressive Symptoms in Autistic Sexual and Gender Minority Youth. JAACAP Open. 2025; 3(4): 1006-15.

OBJECTIVE: Autistic lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer/questioning (LGBTQ+) youth are at increased risk for negative mental health; however, no known studies have examined associations between specific social experiences and psychological distress within this group. The current study examined the effects of gender minority status and sexual minority status on negative social experiences (peer victimization and low degrees of authenticity) and depressive symptoms among autistic transition-aged youth, and explored whether associations between negative social experiences and depressive symptoms differed across gender/sexual identity. METHOD: Autistic youth (N = 203) between 15 and 26 years of age (mean = 18.69, SD = 2.58) were recruited through research registries. Youth and parents completed questionnaires, and youth participated in an interview. Biological sex, gender identity, and sexual orientation were collected from youth. Responses were coded into 3 gender/sexual identity groups: cisgender heterosexual (sex and gender match, heterosexual; n = 126), cisgender sexual minority (sex and gender match, sexual minority; n = 59), and gender minority (sex and gender do not match; n = 18). Youth questionnaires included measures of peer victimization, degree of authenticity when interacting with others, and depressive symptoms. RESULTS: Peer victimization and authenticity did not differ across gender/sexual identity groups; however, gender minority youth reported greater depressive symptoms than cisgender heterosexual youth. Higher frequencies of peer victimization and lower degrees of authenticity were associated with depressive symptoms. The effects of peer victimization and authenticity on depressive symptoms were amplified for gender minority youth compared to cisgender heterosexual youth. CONCLUSION: The current study demonstrates how certain social experiences negatively affect the psychological well-being of autistic youth, especially those who identify as gender minorities. LGBTQ+ youth with autism are at increased risk for negative mental health outcomes; however, no known studies have examined associations between specific social experiences and psychological distress within this group. In this study, measures of peer victimization, authenticity, and depressive symptoms were collected among youth with autism and compared across gender/sexual identity (cisgender heterosexual, cisgender sexual minority, and gender minority). Gender minority youth reported greater depressive symptoms than cisgender heterosexual youth, and peer victimization and authenticity had more negative effects on the depressive symptoms of gender minority youth compared to cisgender heterosexual youth. This study demonstrates how key social experiences may negatively impact the psychological well-being of youth with autism, especially those who identify as gender minorities. It also highlights the need for early intervention to support the mental health of these high-risk youth. eng.

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

19. Lin G, Xinying G, Jingwen Q, Ziwen S, Xingrong S, Lei P. Deficiency of the innate immune protein IFITM3 impairs phagocytosis and promotes autism-like behaviors in mice. Int Immunopharmacol. 2025; 167: 115599.

Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) plays a protective role in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a condition characterized by neuronal degradation and loss. The clearance of apoptotic neurons via efferocytosis activates resolution signaling pathways, driven by phagolysosome-mediated degradation of dying cells. We found that this degradation by phagolysosomal IFITM3 activates the Mer receptor tyrosine kinase/ musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene family B pathway, which drives the proliferation of anti-inflammatory microglia. This efferocytosis-induced microglial proliferation (EIMP) promotes the expansion of resolving microglia. In dexamethasone-induced regression models, IFITM3 depletion inhibits EIMP, reduces apoptotic neuron clearance, and hinders tissue resolution. In conclusion, IFITM3 promotes apoptotic neuron clearance and EIMP in ASD, thereby mediating the resolution of inflammation. These findings suggest that IFITM3 could serve as a potential therapeutic target for modulating neuroinflammation in ASD.

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

20. Liu H, Chen J, He J, Li X. Association between zinc status and autism spectrum disorder in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies. Front Nutr. 2025; 12: 1710999.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to further corroborate a previously reported connection between zinc nutritional status and the occurrence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) among children and adolescents. METHODS: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted. The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and PsyclNFO databases were searched for all relevant case-control studies published until January 2024. Cohen’s kappa was computed to assess reviewer agreement. This meta-analysis used a random-effects model to summarize the overall association between zinc levels and ASD. The Q-test and I(2) statistics were used to evaluate the heterogeneity of the studies, while funnel plots, Begg’s test, and Egger’s test were used to evaluate publication bias. RESULTS: We included 25 case-control studies with 4,763 children and adolescents, comprising 2,499 cases and 2,264 typical controls. The random-effects meta-analysis revealed that whole blood and plasma/serum zinc levels were negatively associated with ASD (standardized mean difference [SMD] = -0.44, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.63 to -0.25; SMD = -1.79, 95% CI: -2.74 to -0.84), whereas hair (SMD = -0.01, 95% CI: -0.40 to 0.37) and urinary (SMD = -0.17, 95% CI: -0.87 to 0.53) zinc levels were not associated with ASD. Moreover, we observed statistically significant heterogeneity among the included studies (plasma/serum zinc: I(2) = 98.8%, P<0.001; hair zinc: I(2) = 88.4%, P<0.001; urinary zinc: I(2) = 88.0%, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Blood zinc levels were associated with ASD among children and adolescents. Therefore, screening blood zinc levels in children with ASD may be warranted. Further prospective studies are warranted to elucidate the role of zinc in the etiology of ASD.

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

21. Mandorfer M, Jachs M, Carvalho T, Reiberger T. Editorial: ICG-R15 by PDD-A Simple Dynamic Tool for Refining Risk Stratification in Compensated Advanced Chronic Liver Disease. Authors’ Reply. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2025.

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

22. McCalla K, McGuire JF. Optimizing cognitive Behavioral therapy to treat anxiety among youth with autism spectrum disorders. Expert Rev Neurother. 2025.

INTRODUCTION: Anxiety disorders are among the most common co-occurring mental health conditions for autistic youth. While sometimes challenging to recognize, symptoms of anxiety can cause significant distress, functional impairment, and lead to a reduced quality of life. Thus, the effective treatment of co-occurring anxiety among autistic youth has considerable clinical importance. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has been shown to effectively treat clinically significant anxiety among children and adolescents, with specific modifications made to address challenges that often accompany autism spectrum disorders (ASD). AREAS COVERED: The authors have based this article on a comprehensive literature search that identified the extant evidence-based literature on CBT for anxiety among autistic youth in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). This review identified and synthesized modifications used to enhance treatment engagement and therapeutic efficacy. EXPERT OPINION: There are several evidence-based CBT protocols for autistic youth with anxiety disorders which include key modifications. Given the limited training opportunities in CBT for autistic youth, these protocol provide an initial framework for therapists to use when implementing CBT to treat anxiety disorders among autistic youth. It can also provide a path forward for personalized treatment approaches among this vulnerable and underserved population, as well as future directions for treatment (e.g. CBT protocols for depression).

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

23. Micheel J, Zapf H, Hohmann S, Bindt C, Boettcher J. Emotion regulation in autistic adolescents: a mixed methods systematic review. J Neurodev Disord. 2025.

BACKGROUND: Emotion regulation (ER) difficulties are common in autistic individuals and may contribute to co-occurring psychopathology during adolescence. However, age-group heterogeneity in existing research limits understanding of ER processes in autistic adolescents. Therefore, this mixed methods systematic review synthesizes current knowledge on ER in autistic adolescents aged 10-24 years. METHODS: We systematically searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Scopus for empirical studies on ER in autistic adolescents. 32 studies (including two qualitative) met inclusion criteria and were synthesized using a convergent integrated approach. RESULTS: Autistic adolescents consistently exhibited more ER difficulties than non-autistic peers, which were associated with internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Greater autism symptom severity, lower theory of mind, and social challenges were frequently linked to lower ER, while no consistent associations with age, gender, or IQ were found. Few studies examined physiological or neurobiological factors, but evidence suggested associations between ER difficulties, lower heart rate variability, and atypical neural responses. Cognitive-behavioral and mindfulness-based interventions generally led to improvements in ER, though results varied and discrepancies between self- and proxy-reports were common. CONCLUSION: ER challenges are pronounced in autistic adolescents and are closely associated with mental health symptoms. While interventions show promise, future research should address measurement heterogeneity, examine neurobiological underpinnings, and include more longitudinal and ecologically valid designs. TRIAL REGISTRATION: CRD42024529184 (registered April 06, 2024).

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

24. Naples AJ, Yang Y, Gravel P, Toyonaga T, Sadabad FE, Koohsari S, Pittman B, Gallezot JD, Pisani L, Finn C, Cramer-Benjamin S, Herman N, Rosenthal LH, Franke CJ, Walicki BM, Rodden IG, Hillmer AT, Esterlis I, Ropchan J, Nabulsi N, Huang Y, Wolf JM, Carson RE, McPartland JC, Matuskey D. Imaging Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 and Excitatory Neural Activity in Autism. Am J Psychiatry. 2025: appiajp20241084.

OBJECTIVE: Autism spectrum disorder is a prevalent and heterogeneous condition with features ranging from social and communication differences to sensory sensitivities. Differences in excitatory neurotransmission have been identified in autism, but the molecular underpinnings are poorly understood. To investigate the mechanism underlying these observed differences, the authors assessed glutamatergic receptor density in autistic adults using positron emission tomography (PET) and related it to a functional EEG measure of excitatory activity. METHODS: Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5) availability was compared in autistic (N=16) and neurotypical (N=16) adults between 18 and 36 years of age, using the PET tracer 3-[(18)F]fluoro-5-(2-pyridinylethynyl) benzonitrile ([(18)F]FPEB). The PET outcome measure was volume of distribution (V(T)) computed with equilibrium analysis using a venous input function and partial volume correction. Group differences were quantified using mixed-model analyses. Heterogeneity was further parsed within the autistic group by quantifying the relationship between receptor availability and the slope of the EEG power spectrum, an index of excitatory-inhibitory balance. Correlations between EEG and V(T) were calculated using Spearman’s rho. RESULTS: Across all brain regions, mGlu5 availability was significantly lower (by ~15%) in autistic relative to neurotypical control participants. Group differences were generally greatest in the cerebral cortex. Within the autistic group, mGlu5 availability in all regions was significantly correlated with the slope of the EEG (e.g., cerebral cortex, r=0.67), such that shallower slope was associated with lower mGlu5 availability. CONCLUSIONS: This brain-wide investigation of mGlu5 availability with PET revealed pervasive lower mGlu5 availability across multiple brain areas in autism. Additionally, multimethod analyses revealed associations with a noninvasive electrophysiological index of excitatory neurotransmission. These results indicate that lower brain-wide mGlu5 availability may represent a molecular mechanism underlying altered excitatory neurotransmission that has the potential to stratify the heterogeneous autism phenotype.

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

25. Nitzan MW, Lamash L, Hedley D, Bury SM, Gal E. Letter to the editor: Employment of autistic individuals in the age of AI integration: Challenges and opportunities. Autism. 2025: 13623613251401556.

As artificial intelligence (AI) reshapes the modern workplace, the implications for neurodivergent populations, particularly autistic adults, warrant attention. Autistic people remain underrepresented in the workforce, facing persistent barriers to sustained employment. In this letter, we consider whether AI may compound these barriers or offer opportunities for autistic people: With thoughtful design and implementation, could AI foster more inclusive and accessible workplaces? We call for critical reflection on AI’s potential impact on autistic employment. We argue that facilitating inclusion of autistic individuals in the workforce in the age of AI will require care, collaboration, and a commitment to neurodiversity.Lay AbstractAs artificial intelligence (AI) becomes more common in workplaces, it could affect autistic people in important ways. Today, many autistic adults still face difficulties finding and keeping jobs. In this letter, we ask whether AI will make things harder for autistic people or whether it might help. Could AI be designed in a way that supports autistic workers and creates more inclusive workplaces? We believe that the answer depends on how AI is used. We call for thoughtful planning and teamwork between employers, autistic people, and designers to make sure AI is used in ways that support neurodiversity and employment inclusion.

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

26. Ohlis A, Ahlberg R, Tiger A, Sörberg Wallin A. [Co-occurring diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder and borderline personality disorder]. Lakartidningen. 2025; 122.

Co-occurring diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD) have received growing attention in recent years. In a register-based study of ASD and BPD diagnoses established among individuals aged 18-40 in the Stockholm region, we examined cases where both diagnoses were present. The number of individuals diagnosed with co-occurring ASD and BPD increased markedly between 2012 and 2022. This group demonstrated significantly higher risk (odds ratio) of other psychiatric diagnoses and inpatient care compared to individuals with only ASD, only BPD, or a clinical comparison group. Notably, there was a twenty-fold increased risk of suicide attempts and severe self-harm. These findings underscore the need for targeted treatment interventions for this vulnerable population.

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

27. Prasad S, Travis L, Mei C, Younis R. Understanding Complications of Sinusitis in Paediatric Patients With Autism: A KID Database Study. Clin Otolaryngol. 2025.

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the risk of orbital and neurological complications of acute sinusitis in pediatric patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to neurotypical peers. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Analysis of data from the 2019 Kids’ Inpatient Database (KID), a nationally representative sample of pediatric inpatient hospitalizations. METHODS: Paediatric patients discharged with acute sinusitis were identified using ICD-10-CM codes and stratified by the presence of an ASD diagnosis. Primary outcomes included orbital complications (e.g., eye pain, chemosis, cellulitis, abscess) and neurological complications (e.g., seizures, meningitis, stroke). Secondary outcomes included surgical interventions, length of stay (LOS), and hospital costs. One-to-one propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to adjust for patient- and hospital-level factors. RESULTS: Of 3763 hospitalised children with acute sinusitis, 125 (3.4%) had ASD. After matching, ASD patients had significantly higher rates of seizures (26.4% vs. 6.3%; OR = 3.52; p < 0.001) but were less likely to undergo maxillary sinus surgery (OR = 0.46; p = 0.037). Orbital complications, including eye pain, were more frequent in the ASD group (4% vs. 1.4%; p = 0.043). LOS and hospital costs did not differ significantly between groups after matching. CONCLUSION: Children with ASD hospitalized for acute sinusitis appear to be at higher risk for seizures but less likely to undergo certain sinus surgeries. These findings underscore the need for tailored neurological management and exploration of factors influencing surgical decisions in this population.

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

28. Pultsina KI, Kozunova GL, Chernyshev BV, Prokofyev AO, Tretyakova VD, Novikov AY, Rytikova AM, Stroganova TA. Neural adaptation to expected uncertainty in neurotypical adults and high-functioning adults with autism spectrum disorder. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci. 2025.

The ability to adjust brain resources to manage expected uncertainty is hypothesized to be impaired in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), although the evidence remains limited. To investigate this, we studied 29 neurotypical (NT) and 29 high-functioning adults with ASD performing a probabilistic two-alternative value-based task while undergoing magnetoencephalography (MEG) and pupillometry. The task comprised five sequential blocks with stable reward probabilities (70%:30%), but varying stimulus pairs and reward values, enabling assessment of behavioral and neural adaptation to expected uncertainty. We analyzed a hit rate of advantageous choices, response times, and computational measures of prior belief strength and precision. To examine cortical activation during decision-making, we used MEG source reconstruction to quantify α-β oscillation suppression in decision-relevant cortical regions within the predecision time window. Linear mixed models assessed trial-by-trial effects. Behaviorally, ASD participants exhibited lower overall belief precision but intact probabilistic rule generalization, showing gradual performance improvement and strengthening of prior beliefs across blocks. However, unlike NT individuals, they did not show progressive downscaling of neural activation during decision-making or reduction in neural response to feedback signals as performance improved. Furthermore, on a trial-by-trial basis, increased belief precision in ASD was not associated with reduced cortical activation, a pattern observed in NT individuals. These findings suggest an atypically rigid and enhanced allocation of neural resources to advantageous decisions in individuals with ASD, although they, as NT individuals, rationally judge such decisions as optimal. This pattern may reflect an aversive response to the irreducible uncertainty inherent in probabilistic decision-making.

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

29. Rosen BF, Sumaria K, Miller CE, Arbuckle C, McNamara T, Callaghan T, Mazhani T, Rowley L, Rivalta-Dallal A, English K, Foulkes E, Julies P. ‘See me Autism’: improving the experience and safety of autistic children in the paediatric emergency department. Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed. 2025.

Implementation of co-produced training and resources can improve the experience and safety of autistic children in a paediatric emergency department.

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

30. Wolfer P, Baumeister F, Borrellas EV, Czypionka A, Naigles LR, Durrleman S. Does Balance of Multilingual Exposure Impact Gesture Comprehension in Autistic Children?. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2025; 68(12): 6043-58.

PURPOSE: This study explores whether and how balance of multilingual exposure (BME) impacts gesture comprehension in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). METHOD: Eighty-six autistic children (aged 4-12 years) varying in their balance of exposure to different languages completed a gamified task assessing the comprehension of deictic, iconic, and conventional gestures presented in four communicative modalities: (a) gesture presented alone (e.g., gesturing DRIVE), (b) with reinforcing speech (e.g., gesturing DRIVE and saying « driving »), (c) with supplementing speech (e.g., gesturing DRIVE and saying « lady »), compared to (d) speech alone (e.g., saying « driving »). A BME score reflected the participants’ balance of exposure to more than one language since birth, based on parental reports. RESULTS: Overall, children with ASD performed well on the task (i.e., above chance level). Accounting for age, biological sex, socioeconomic status, autism severity, nonverbal IQ and general language skills, mixed-effects logistic regressions showed no differential effect of BME on the comprehension of deictic, iconic, and conventional gestures. Age and language skills were significant independent positive predictors of the performance, highlighting the maturating process of gesture comprehension over time on the one hand, and reflecting the importance of language for gesture comprehension on the other. CONCLUSION: This preliminary study paves the way for future research exploring the impact of multilingualism on the gesture comprehension abilities of individuals with ASD and provides new evidence suggesting that multilingual exposure is not detrimental to their communicative development.

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

31. Wong OWH, Lam AMW, Moore T, Ruparel K, Chan SSM, Gur RE, Gur RC. Psychometric properties and validity of the Hong Kong version of the Penn computerized neurocognitive battery (CNB-HK) in Chinese children with and without autism spectrum disorder. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2025: 1-12.

OBJECTIVE: Neurocognitive assessment is an essential research instrument for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), as the clinical manifestations are rooted in diverse neurocognitive processes that cause variation in clinical presentation. Few instruments comprehensively capture relevant neurocognitive domains, and most require professional assessors. The Penn Computerized Neurocognitive Battery (CNB) is widely used in child and adolescent psychiatry research across cultures. This study adapted and validated the CNB for a clinical ASD cohort in Hong Kong. METHOD: In this Hong Kong version of the CNB (CNB-HK), thirteen cognitive tasks were translated and adapted, with one task for sensorimotor speed and twelve belonging to four specific domains (episodic memory, social cognition, complex cognition, and executive function). The CNB-HK was administered to 636 normal-IQ children with ASD (mean age: 8.4 years, 87.1% male) and 412 children without ASD (mean age: 8.6 years, 55.1% male). Factor structure was examined using factor analyses. RESULTS: The CNB-HK had high feasibility for children with ASD, with <7% invalid data across all tasks. The original four-factor and bi-factor structures were replicated with good model fit, and partial scalar invariance was achieved between children with and without ASD. The factor scores correlated positively with estimated IQ in the ASD group. The ASD group had worse performance across all four cognitive domains and the g factor compared to the group without ASD. CONCLUSIONS: The CNB-HK is a valid, multi-domain cognitive assessment tool for children with ASD in Hong Kong, offering a feasible and reliable approach for research and clinical settings.

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

32. Wu X, Huangfu J, Zhang W, Hu Y, Yang L, Wei J, Chen Z, Geng S, Xue S, Yi P, Mao Y, Qian D, Wang X, Zhang P, Long H. Efficacy and Safety of Neuromodulation Interventions for Autism Spectrum Disorders with Comorbidities: A Systematic Review. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2025; 21: 2759-82.

PURPOSE: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in social communication and stereotyped, repetitive behaviors or interests. Neuromodulation interventions have been employed in ASD, which can improve behavioral and cognitive outcomes in ASD, especially relief of comorbidities, as shown in preliminary evidence. However, their efficacy and safety remain unclear owing to the lack of high-quality synthetic evidence. We aim to systematically evaluate the therapeutic potential of neurostimulation in ASD and explore its underlying mechanisms. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A narrative synthesis of peer-reviewed literature from 2000 to 2025 was conducted, sourced from the PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. Seventy-three relevant studies were identified in this paper. RESULTS: Up to date, noninvasive brain stimulation has become a potential intervention to reduce autism-related symptoms and improve neuropsychological function in ASDs, while a marked alleviation of comorbidities including aggression, anxiety and epilepsy was observed following invasive brain stimulation interventions. Both of the neuromodulation techniques are believed to be safe and well-tolerated. CONCLUSION: Neuromodulation interventions could be a hopeful option to improve patients’ symptoms and control comorbidities of ASD. Further high-quality trials should be conducted to optimize long-term prognosis of ASD.

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

33. Zhang Y, Chen S, Li M, Li B, Lu S, Chan A, Ge H, Tang T, Chen Z. Sung Speech Training Improves Prosodic Focus Marking in a Nondominant Language in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2025; 68(12): 5833-53.

INTRODUCTION: Music and speech prosody share notable parallels, and music-based interventions have shown promise in fostering language development and social responsiveness. Song-based training, leveraging acoustic similarities between song and speech, is especially effective. This study examined whether short-term song-based training could enhance prosodic focus-marking in nondominant languages for autistic children. Specifically, it explored improvements in focus-marking strategies, such as on-focus expansion (OFE) and post-focus compression (PFC), and the number of prosodic correlates used. METHOD: A short-term sung speech training intervention was designed, aligning melodic patterns with Mandarin’s prosodic focus marking. Eighteen native Cantonese-speaking children with autism spectrum disorder underwent short-term sung speech training, and their pre- and posttraining performance was compared with two control groups: 18 Cantonese-speaking and 20 Mandarin-speaking typically developing children. Comparisons were made across participant groups as well as within the autistic group before and after the training. RESULTS: Sung speech training improved OFE use, particularly in fundamental frequency range, for noncontrastive focus marking in autistic children. Effects on PFC were less evident, and the training primarily enhanced OFE rather than increasing the number of prosodic correlates used. Control Cantonese-speaking participants showed no comparable improvements. CONCLUSION: These findings highlight the potential of short-term, perception-based sung speech training as a supplementary intervention for improving prosodic focus marking in trilingual autistic children’s nondominant languages, indicating positive cross-domain effects on speech-processing abilities. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL: https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.30347731.

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

34. Zhu Y, Li J. Editorial: ICG-R15 by PDD-A Simple Dynamic Tool for Refining Risk Stratification in Compensated Advanced Chronic Liver Disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2025.

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)