1. Arikawa M, Goto H, Mineno K. {{Job support by occupational therapists for people with developmental disabilities: Two case studies}}. {Work};2013 (Mar 11)
The present report uses two cases to provide an overview of employment support by occupational therapists for people with developmental disabilities and investigates the roles occupational therapists should play and the support they should give. Case A was a man in his 30 s with Asperger disorder who used a trial employment program and received on-the-job training, leading to regular employment. Case B was a man in his 40 s with intellectual disability who used outreach supported employment and achieved financial stability through sheltered employment. These two cases suggest that occupational therapists can help people with developmental disabilities acquire stable employment by accelerating their adaptation to the workplace through the following steps: assessing the occupational performance of the individual and the work environment; understanding the characteristics of the job by experiencing the job first-hand; and adjusting or improving the work environment to match the capabilities of the individual.
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2. Baker E, Richdale A, Short M, Gradisar M. {{An investigation of sleep patterns in adolescents with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder compared with typically developing adolescents}}. {Dev Neurorehabil};2013 (Mar 11)
Objective: To investigate the sleep patterns and disturbances in a pure sample of adolescents with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (HFASD). Method: Adolescents completed a sleep questionnaire battery and a 7 d sleep diary. Actigraphic data were collected from a sub-sample of participants (55%) with HFASD and all typically developing (TD) adolescents. Results: Adolescents with HFASD were three times more likely to report a sleep problem than their TD peers (46.2% vs. 14.8%). Adolescents with HFASD had decreased sleep efficiency (diary) (p = 0.04, eta2 = 0.10), and more fatigue (p = 0.002, eta2 = 0.18) compared with TD adolescents. While TD adolescents generally experienced one symptom of insomnia, adolescents with HFASD were likely to experience two or three symptoms of insomnia (p = 0.02, V = 0.36). Conclusion: The findings suggest that adolescents with HFASD show a continuation of the maladaptive sleep patterns as seen in children with an autism spectrum disorder and these sleep disturbances are associated with increased daytime sleepiness.
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3. Beighley JS, Matson JL, Rieske RD, Jang J, Cervantes PE, Goldin RL. {{Comparing challenging behavior in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders according to the DSM-IV-TR and the proposed DSM-5}}. {Dev Neurorehabil};2013 (Mar 11)
Objective: The aim of the current study is to investigate challenging behavior in children who may no longer meet criteria for an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis according to the proposed fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5). Method: Children and adolescents (n = 459) were separated into three groups including those who met criteria for ASD according to the DSM-5 criteria (n = 219); those who will no longer qualify for an ASD diagnosis according to the DSM-5 but met criteria according to the DSM-IV-TR (n = 109); and a control group (n = 131). Scores on the Autism Spectrum Disorders – Problem Behaviors for Children (ASD-PB-C) were compared among groups. Results: The DSM-5 captured a slightly more impaired population in terms of problem behavior. Conclusion: Implications regarding access to treatment for those no longer meeting criteria need to be taken into consideration in the coming months.
