Pubmed du 12/11/23
1. Correction to: Is genetic liability to ADHD and ASD causally linked to educational attainment?. International journal of epidemiology. 2023.
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2. Dong S, Kifune T, Kato H, Wang L, Kong J, Hirofuji Y, Sun X, Sato H, Ito Y, Kato TA, Sakai Y, Ohga S, Fukumoto S, Masuda K. Effects of melatonin on dopaminergic neuron development via IP3-mediated mitochondrial Ca(2+) regulation in autism spectrum disorder. Biochemical and biophysical research communications. 2023; 681: 7-12.
Melatonin entrainment of suprachiasmatic nucleus-regulating circadian rhythms is mediated by MT1 and MT2 receptors. Melatonin also has neuroprotective and mitochondrial activating effects, suggesting it may affect neurodevelopment. We studied melatonin’s pharmacological effects on autism spectrum disorder (ASD) neuropathology. Deciduous tooth-derived stem cells from children with ASD were used to model neurodevelopmental defects and differentiated into dopaminergic neurons (ASD-DNs) with or without melatonin. Without melatonin, ASD-DNs had reduced neurite outgrowth, mitochondrial dysfunction, lower mitochondrial Ca(2+) levels, and Ca(2+) accumulation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) compared to control DNs from typically developing children-derived stem cells. Melatonin enhanced IP3-dependent Ca(2+) release from ER to mitochondria, improving mitochondrial function and neurite outgrowth in ASD-DNs. Luzindole, an MT1/MT2 antagonist, blocked these effects. Thus, melatonin supplementation may improve dopaminergic system development in ASD by modulating mitochondrial Ca(2+) homeostasis via MT1/MT2 receptors.
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3. Harris HK, Weissman L, Friedlaender EY, Neumeyer AM, Friedman AJ, Spence SJ, Rotman C, Krauss S, Broder-Fingert S, Weitzman C. Optimizing Care for Autistic Patients in Healthcare Settings: A Scoping Review and Call To Action. Academic pediatrics. 2023.
BACKGROUND: Within healthcare settings, morbidity and mortality for autistic individuals is high, with unmet health needs despite greater healthcare utilization. OBJECTIVE: We conducted a scoping review of interventions designed to improve the healthcare experiences of autistic individuals and assessed the methodology and outcomes used to evaluate them. DATA SOURCES: Literature from January 2005 to August 2023 was searched using PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO as well as hand searching. STUDY SELECTION: Studies included described an intervention for autistic individuals in inpatient or outpatient healthcare settings and evaluated the intervention using standardized methodology. DATA EXTRACTION: Results were exported to Covidence software. Ten reviewers completed abstract screening, full text review, and then systematic data extraction of the remaining articles. Two reviewers evaluated each article at each stage, with a third reviewer arbitrating differences. RESULTS: A total of 49 studies, including 6 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. Thirty-four (69%) took place in dental, psychiatric, or procedural settings. Interventions primarily focused on visit preparation and comprehensive care plans or pathways (N = 38, 78%). The most frequent outcome was procedural compliance (N=15), followed by improved problem behaviors (N=8).Two studies involved autistic individuals and caregivers in study design, and no studies assessed racial/ethnic diversity on intervention impact. LIMITATIONS: Articles may have been missed based on our search strategy and the key words chosen. CONCLUSION: Well-designed evaluations of interventions to support autistic individuals in pediatric healthcare settings are limited. There is a need to conduct large multi-site intervention implementation studies.
