Pubmed du 13/03/22
1. Abujamel TS, Al-Otaibi NM, Abuaish S, AlHarbi RH, Assas MB, Alzahrani SA, Alotaibi SM, El-Ansary A, Aabed K. Different Alterations in Gut Microbiota between Bifidobacterium longum and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Treatments in Propionic Acid Rat Model of Autism. Nutrients. 2022; 14(3).
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) consist of a range of neurodevelopmental conditions accompanied by dysbiosis of gut microbiota. Therefore, a number of microbiota manipulation strategies were developed to restore their balance. However, a comprehensive comparison of the various methods on gut microbiota is still lacking. Here, we evaluated the effect of Bifidobacterium (BF) treatment and fecal microbiota transplantation (FT) on gut microbiota in a propionic acid (PPA) rat model of autism using 16S rRNA sequencing. Following PPA treatment, gut microbiota showed depletion of Bacteroidia and Akkermansia accompanied by a concomitant increase of Streptococcus, Lachnospiraceae, and Paraeggerthella. The dysbiosis was predicted to cause increased levels of porphyrin metabolism and impairments of acyl-CoA thioesterase and ubiquinone biosynthesis. On the contrary, BF and FT treatments resulted in a distinct increase of Clostridium, Bifidobacterium, Marvinbryantia, Butyricicoccus, and Dorea. The taxa in BF group positively correlated with vitamin B12 and flagella biosynthesis, while FT mainly enriched flagella biosynthesis. In contrast, BF and FT treatments negatively correlated with succinate biosynthesis, pyruvate metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, beta-Lactam resistance, and peptidoglycan biosynthesis. Therefore, the present study demonstrated that BF and FT treatments restored the PPA-induced dysbiosis in a treatment-specific manner.
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2. Chicas VE, Steinway C, Chen J, Schwartz MC, Wright C, Cornacchia M, Davis TW, Berens JC, Riddle I, Woodward JF, Jan S. Identifying key components of a web-based long term care planning intervention for family caregivers of individuals with intellectual/developmental disabilities. Journal of applied research in intellectual disabilities : JARID. 2022; 35(3): 867-77.
BACKGROUND: Few family caregivers of individuals with intellectual or developmental disabilities develop long-term care (LTC) plans for their relative. Web-based interventions promoting LTC planning have potential for widespread adoption into clinical practice. METHODS: We conducted focus groups with 49 primary caregivers of individuals with intellectual or developmental disabilities in NY, PA, OH, DE, and TX to identify barriers and facilitators of LTC planning, review existing tools, and identify critical features for web-based LTC planning interventions. Participants also answered questions on demographic characteristics and functional status. RESULTS: NVivo qualitative analysis software was used to analyse focus groups using a grounded theory approach. Caregivers identified web tool accessibility and topics such as finances, housing, and government benefits as critical. Caregivers also described desired features for a LTC planning tool. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified desired characteristics of web-based LTC planning tools and ways in which existing web-based interventions might be adapted or enhanced.
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3. Hastedt I, Eisenhower A, Sheldrick RC, Carter AS. Bilingual and Monolingual Autistic Toddlers: Language and Social Communication Skills. Journal of autism and developmental disorders. 2022.
Parents of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) express concern about raising their children bilingually, and often hear advice from professionals against the use of bilingualism. The current study examined the relation between bilingualism and the language and social communication skills of toddlers diagnosed with ASD (N = 353) in the US, while controlling for socioeconomic risk factors. Structural equation modeling showed no differences in language skills between bilingual Spanish-English speaking children and monolingual English-speaking (p = .596) or monolingual Spanish-speaking (p = .963) children and showed a bilingual advantage on socialization skills when comparing bilingual and monolingual English-speaking children (p = .001). Parents of autistic children exposed to Spanish and English should be encouraged to raise their child bilingually if it best suits familial needs.
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4. Kılıç-Tülü B, Ökcün-Akçamuş M, Ergül C. Investigation of Early Literacy Skills in Children on the Autism Spectrum: The Case of Turkish-Speaking Children. Journal of autism and developmental disorders. 2022.
In this study, we aimed to compare the early literacy skills and home literacy environment (HLE) of children on the autism spectrum and typically developing (TD) children, and to determine the predictors of early literacy skills in children on the autism spectrum. The sample in this study consisted of 30 children on the autism spectrum and 31 TD children whose receptive language ages were matched. Results indicated that children on the autism spectrum had significantly higher letter knowledge and significantly lower phonological awareness and vocabulary compared with TD children. No significant difference was found between the groups in terms of the HLE. Moreover, nonverbal cognitive ability predicted letter knowledge, and language and working memory predicted both vocabulary and phonological awareness.
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5. Martinez K, Chlebowski C, Roesch S, Stadnick NA, Villodas M, Brookman-Frazee L. Psychometric Assessment of the Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory in Children with Autism in Community Settings. Journal of autism and developmental disorders. 2022.
The Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory (ECBI) is a frequently used measure to assess interfering behaviors in children and psychometric properties have recently been examined in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). There is a need to confirm the identified factors and examine the factor structure in a racially/ethnically diverse, community-based sample. The current study conducts a psychometric analysis of the ECBI in a sample of children with ASD receiving publicly-funded mental health services. Data were collected from 201 children with ASD ages 5-13 years (60% Hispanic/Latinx) participating in a community effectiveness trial. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated poor model fit using previously identified factors and a new four-factor solution was identified. Clinical and research implications of these findings are discussed.
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6. Prosperi M, Santocchi E, Guiducci L, Frinzi J, Morales MA, Tancredi R, Muratori F, Calderoni S. Interventions on Microbiota: Where Do We Stand on a Gut-Brain Link in Autism? A Systematic Review. Nutrients. 2022; 14(3).
The alteration of the microbiota-gut-brain axis has been recently recognized as a critical modulator of neuropsychiatric health and a possible factor in the etiopathogenesis of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). This systematic review offers practitioners an overview of the potential therapeutic options to modify dysbiosis, GI symptoms, and ASD severity by modulating the microbiota-gut-brain axis in ASD, taking into consideration limits and benefits from current findings. Comprehensive searches of PubMed, Scopus, the Web of Science Core Collection, and EMBASE were performed from 2000 to 2021, crossing terms referred to ASD and treatments acting on the microbiota-gut-brain axis. A total of 1769 publications were identified, of which 19 articles met the inclusion criteria. Data were extracted independently by two reviewers using a preconstructed form. Despite the encouraging findings, considering the variability of the treatments, the samples size, the duration of treatment, and the tools used to evaluate the outcome of the examined trials, these results are still partial. They do not allow to establish a conclusive beneficial effect of probiotics and other interventions on the symptoms of ASD. In particular, the optimal species, subspecies, and dosages have yet to be identified. Considering the heterogeneity of ASD, double-blind, randomized, controlled trials and treatment tailored to ASD characteristics and host-microbiota are recommended.
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7. Wen TH, Cheng A, Andreason C, Zahiri J, Xiao Y, Xu R, Bao B, Courchesne E, Barnes CC, Arias SJ, Pierce K. Large scale validation of an early-age eye-tracking biomarker of an autism spectrum disorder subtype. Scientific reports. 2022; 12(1): 4253.
Few clinically validated biomarkers of ASD exist which can rapidly, accurately, and objectively identify autism during the first years of life and be used to support optimized treatment outcomes and advances in precision medicine. As such, the goal of the present study was to leverage both simple and computationally-advanced approaches to validate an eye-tracking measure of social attention preference, the GeoPref Test, among 1,863 ASD, delayed, or typical toddlers (12-48 months) referred from the community or general population via a primary care universal screening program. Toddlers participated in diagnostic and psychometric evaluations and the GeoPref Test: a 1-min movie containing side-by-side dynamic social and geometric images. Following testing, diagnosis was denoted as ASD, ASD features, LD, GDD, Other, typical sibling of ASD proband, or typical. Relative to other diagnostic groups, ASD toddlers exhibited the highest levels of visual attention towards geometric images and those with especially high fixation levels exhibited poor clinical profiles. Using the 69% fixation threshold, the GeoPref Test had 98% specificity, 17% sensitivity, 81% PPV, and 65% NPV. Sensitivity increased to 33% when saccades were included, with comparable validity across sex, ethnicity, or race. The GeoPref Test was also highly reliable up to 24 months following the initial test. Finally, fixation levels among twins concordant for ASD were significantly correlated, indicating that GeoPref Test performance may be genetically driven. As the GeoPref Test yields few false positives (~ 2%) and is equally valid across demographic categories, the current findings highlight the ability of the GeoPref Test to rapidly and accurately detect autism before the 2nd birthday in a subset of children and serve as a biomarker for a unique ASD subtype in clinical trials.
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8. Zhang M, Cao X, Li N, Duan G, Zhang X. Autism spectrum disorder in a boy with congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis: a case report. BMC pediatrics. 2022; 22(1): 126.
BACKGROUND: In this case report, we described the past history, clinical manifestations, genetic characteristics and cognitive evaluation of a boy with congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (CIPA) who developed autism spectrum disorder (ASD). CASE PRESENTATION: The boy had an early onset of CIPA at the age of 48 months, and was later diagnosed with ASD at 5 years old. Developmental delays in communication, social skills and the presence of maladaptive behaviors were observed in the patient. Professional treatments significantly improved the developmental delays. CONCLUSIONS: This case demonstrated that ASD may develop in children with CIPA, and pediatricians should be aware that if they suspect or identify a child with CIPA that they should also be screened for ASD using similar examination and diagnostic tools as shown in the present report. Moreover, therapeutic interventions for ASD was helpful for the remission of both diseases.
