1. Chiang CH, Wu CC, Hou YM, Chu CL, Liu JH, Soong WT. {{Development of T-STAT for Early Autism Screening}}. {J Autism Dev Disord}. 2012.
This study’s purpose was to modify the Screening Tool for Autism in Two-Year-Olds (STAT) into a Taiwanese version called T-STAT. Study 1 included 15 children with Autism and 15 children with Developmental Delay (DD) or language impairment (LI) aged between 24 and 35 months. Study 2 had 77 young children with Autism, PDD-NOS, or DD/LI as a clinical-based validation sample. In Study 1, the signal detection procedure found that a cutoff score of 2 would yield high sensitivity and specificity in T-STAT. In Study 2, using a score of 2 as a cutoff, the agreement between T-STAT risk and ADOS classification was highly acceptable. Results were promising as a Level 2 screening tool for Autism for ages two to three.
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2. Douglas JF, Sanders KB, Benneyworth MH, Smith JL, Dejean VM, McGrew SG, Veenstra-Vanderweele J. {{Brief Report: Retrospective Case Series of Oxcarbazepine for Irritability/Agitation Symptoms in Autism Spectrum Disorder}}. {J Autism Dev Disord}. 2012.
We examined response to oxcarbazepine prescribed for irritability/agitation symptoms in a retrospective case series of 30 patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The average patient was 12.0 years old (range 5-21) and taking two other psychotropic medications (range 0-4). Fourteen patients (47 %) had a clinical global impression of improvement score of ‘much improved’ during treatment. Ten patients (33 %) showed an improvement on their clinical global impression of severity score. Seven patients (23 %) had a clinically significant adverse event or side effect leading to oxcarbazepine discontinuation. Without a placebo group, it is not possible to evaluate whether oxcarbazepine provides benefit for irritability/agitation symptoms in ASD. The high rate of adverse events suggests its use should be accompanied by caution.
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3. Magana S, Smith LE. {{The Use of the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised with a Latino Population of Adolescents and Adults with Autism}}. {J Autism Dev Disord}. 2012.
Research shows that Latinos are less likely to be diagnosed with autism than their non-Latino counterparts. One factor that may contribute to these differences is that autism diagnostic instruments have not been adapted for the Latino population. The present study compared scores from the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised for two groups: 48 Latino adolescents and adults with autism and a matched sample of 96 non-Latino Whites. There were no significant differences between the two groups in total impairments in social reciprocity or communication. However, lower levels of restrictive-and-repetitive behaviors were found among Latino adolescents and adults with autism compared to Whites. Findings suggest that there may be cultural equivalency in some domains, but others may warrant further exploration.
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4. McCary LM, Roberts JE. {{Early identification of autism in fragile X syndrome: a review}}. {J Intellect Disabil Res}. 2012.
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the leading genetic cause of autism, accounting for approximately 5% of autism cases with as many as 50% of individuals with FXS meeting DSM-IV-TR criteria for autistic disorder. Both FXS and idiopathic autism (IA) are attributed to genetic causes; however, FXS is an identified single gene disorder whereas autism is a complex disorder with multiple potential causes, some of which have been identified. Studies in IA have focused on the prospective longitudinal examination of infant siblings of children with autism as a target group due to their high risk of developing the disorder. We propose that this same model be applied to the study of infants with FXS. There is a lack of research focusing on the early development of autism within FXS and debate in the literature regarding how to best conceptualise this co-morbidity or whether it should be considered a co-morbid condition at all. Studying the emergence and stability of autism in infants with FXS has multiple benefits such as clarifying the underlying mechanisms of the development of autism in FXS and solidifying similarities and differences between co-morbid FXS with autism and IA. Infant research in both IA and FXS are discussed as well as conclusions and implications for practice and future research.
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5. Ozonoff S. {{Editorial Perspective: Autism Spectrum Disorders in DSM-5 – An historical perspective and the need for change}}. {J Child Psychol Psychiatry}. 2012.
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6. Payakachat N, Tilford JM, Kovacs E, Kuhlthau K. {{Autism spectrum disorders: a review of measures for clinical, health services and cost-effectiveness applications}}. {Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res}. 2012; 12(4): 485-503.
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are characterized by impairments in social interaction, communication and behavioral functioning that can affect the health-related quality-of-life outcomes of the affected child and the family. ASDs have increased in prevalence, leading to a demand for improved understanding of the comparative effectiveness of different pharmacologic, behavioral, medical and alternative treatments for children as well as systems for providing services. This review describes outcome instruments that can be used for clinical, health services and cost-effectiveness applications. There is a pressing need to identify the most appropriate instruments for measuring health-related quality-of-life outcomes in this population. Studies evaluating the cost-effectiveness of interventions or treatments for children with ASDs using the cost per quality-adjusted life year metric are lacking. Researchers have the potential to contribute greatly to the field of autism by quantifying outcomes that can inform optimal treatment strategies.
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7. Sunita, Bilszta JL. {{Early identification of autism: A comparison of the Checklist for Autism in Toddlers and the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers}}. {J Paediatr Child Health}. 2012.
There is still debate as to what is the most effective strategy for identifying the early signs of autism in very young children. Two levels of screening having been advocated: broad-based developmental surveillance and targeted screening. Two popular tools for use in developmental surveillance are the Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (CHAT) and the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT). The purpose of this article is to summarise the current evidence for screening for autistic symptoms in very young children using CHAT and M-CHAT. A systematic search was carried out of electronic database and other sources for original studies which evaluated the use of CHAT and M-CHAT in screening for autism in children younger than 5 years of age. Studies were included for review if they evaluated the sensitivity and/or specificity of CHAT or M-CHAT, or described the best age to administer these instruments. The available evidence suggests that characteristic behaviours in autism should be evident in simple forms before the age of 18 months, while screening at 24 months should be conducted to identify those who regress. Administering a screening tool during 18- to 24-month well-child visits improves early identification of autism, while the stability of diagnosis at the ages of 18 months and 24 months is confirmed. M-CHAT has slightly better sensitivity and specificity compared to CHAT, and is preferable to use as a developmental surveillance screening instrument.
