Pubmed du 14/10/25
1. AlSumur A, Ahubail MA, Alali HA, Alanazi AN, Alanazi WH, Alanazi FI, Mohammed NA, Albakr S, Alruwaili NSQ. Dental Caries and Autism: An Assessment of Prevalence and Risk Factors in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder in Arar, Saudi Arabia. Cureus;2025 (Sep);17(9):e92154.
BACKGROUND: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by challenges in social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors, which significantly impact oral health due to difficulties in maintaining oral hygiene. Understanding the prevalence of dental caries in children with ASD can guide healthcare providers in implementing better oral care practices and preventive strategies. This study investigates the prevalence of dental caries among children with ASD in Arar, Saudi Arabia. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Maternal and Children Hospital in Arar, Saudi Arabia. The study included 44 children aged 4 to 17 years diagnosed with ASD by pediatricians or psychologists. A self-administered questionnaire collected data on demographics and oral hygiene behaviors, followed by oral examinations adhering to WHO criteria using the DMFT (Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth) and deft (decayed, extracted, filled, teeth) indices. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 26 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA), with statistical tests including chi-square, Mann-Whitney U test, and binary logistic regression. RESULTS: Among the 44 participants, 81.8% were male subjects and 18.2% were female subjects. Most of the sample consists of younger children in the primary dentition stage (54.5%), followed by those in the mixed dentition stage (29.5%). The prevalence of dental caries was 38.6%. Age was significantly associated with caries prevalence (p = 0.022), whereas gender, number of siblings, birth order, level of education, teeth brushing frequency, flossing frequency, type of primary health institution, frequency of dental visits, parents’ education, and family income showed no significant association. The mean DMFT and deft scores were 0.64 ± 1.33 and 0.91 ± 1.78, respectively. CONCLUSION: The study revealed a high prevalence of dental caries among children with ASD in Arar, Saudi Arabia, with age being a significant factor. These findings highlight the need for targeted oral hygiene practices and regular dental visits for children with ASD to manage and prevent dental caries effectively. Further research is essential to develop preventive strategies and improve access to dental care for this vulnerable population.
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2. Asar MM, Amer RAR, Kabbash IA, Abdelhay MA. Assessment of psychometric properties of autism spectrum diagnostic profile (ASDP) among Egyptian children aged 2-12 years. BMC Psychiatry;2025 (Oct 13);25(1):974.
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3. Beltran F, Stetson A, Bizimana C, Kochis M, Griggs C. Removing Barriers to Bariatric Surgery: The Role of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities on Outcomes in Adolescents and Young Adults. Clin Obes;2025 (Oct 13):e70047.
Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) is an effective means of achieving weight loss for adolescents and young adults (AYA) with obesity. Intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) are not absolute contraindications for MBS treatment in AYA with obesity. We sought to determine whether a diagnosis of IDD is associated with weight loss after MBS. We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients ≤ 21 years who underwent MBS at a single institution, comparing outcomes among those with IDD and those without. A total of 103 patients were included. Nine were diagnosed with IDD preoperatively: two had Autism, two had Down Syndrome and five had unspecified IDD. Preoperative BMI was comparable in patients with IDD and those without. Postoperative weight loss was equivalent between AYA with and without IDD at 12 (24.7% vs. 28.9%), 24 (30.9% vs. 25.1%) and 36 months (25.3% vs. 20.8%). At 12 months, four non-IDD patients were deficient in B1, B12 or iron, while no patients with IDD were deficient in any micronutrients. AYA patients with IDD may derive equal weight loss benefit from MBS with comparable micronutrient status. Barriers to MBS in AYA with IDD need to be addressed to expand obesity treatment.
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4. Sarne V, Huber A, Beribisky AV, Hengstschläger M, Laccone F, Steinkellner H. Optimized clonal isolation and immortalization of Rett syndrome patient fibroblasts for in vitro modeling of MECP2 mutations. Sci Rep;2025 (Oct 13);15(1):35696.
Rett syndrome (RTT) is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder primarily caused by mutations in the X-linked MECP2 gene. Patient-derived fibroblasts serve as a practical system to study systemic aspects of RTT, however, their limited proliferative capacity due to cellular senescence poses a significant challenge. In this study, we establish a robust workflow to isolate and immortalize clonal fibroblast lines from female RTT patients heterozygous for two distinct MECP2 mutations (c.705delG and 1155del32). By employing single-cell cloning prior to hTERT-mediated immortalization, we generated stable, proliferative fibroblast clones with verified clonality and severely skewed X-chromosome inactivation. Wildtype clones exclusively expressed full-length MeCP2 protein, whereas mutant clones exhibit truncated or absent MeCP2. Immortalized lines retained elevated hTERT expression and sustained proliferation even at late passages. Notably, mutant clones recapitulated key molecular features of RTT, including histone hyperacetylation, dysregulation of oxidative stress markers, and aberrant expression of key signaling genes. Our approach provides a scalable and renewable in vitro model that faithfully captures critical aspects of RTT pathology and offers a complementary platform to existing animal and iPSC based systems. Moreover, the approach is adaptable for studying other X-linked genetic disorders and supports applications in mechanistic research and preclinical drug screening.
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5. Shen Y, Yu L, Wang L, Jin J, Yu C, Fan Y, Lang Y, Xu H, Jones BC, Liu Y, Wu J, Gao S, Chen F, Feng S. Biomimetic ferritin nanocages for synergistic co-delivery of metformin and rapamycin restore neurodevelopmental homeostasis in autism spectrum disorders. J Nanobiotechnology;2025 (Oct 14);23(1):670.
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a multifactorial neurodevelopmental disorder with limited treatment options, largely due to its complex etiology and the inadequate delivery of therapeutics to the central nervous system. Herein, we report a novel biomimetic nanocomposite, HFn@M/R, designed for the synergistic co-delivery of metformin (Met) and rapamycin (Rapa) to restore neurodevelopmental homeostasis in ASD. Heavy-chain ferritin (HFn) nanocages, produced via an Escherichia coli expression system, were employed as a dual-drug carrier owing to their high drug loading capacity and intrinsic blood-brain barrier permeability via transferrin receptor 1 targeting. Comprehensive physicochemical characterization confirmed structural integrity, optimal drug loading, and redox/pH-responsive release under pathological conditions. In neuronal models, HFn@M/R restored mitochondrial membrane potential, enhanced AMPK-CREB-BDNF signaling, and suppressed mTOR hyperactivation and autophagic blockade. In a valproic acid-induced rat model of ASD, HFn@M/R achieved robust brain accumulation, ameliorated behavioral deficits, and normalized hippocampal electroencephalogram patterns. Transcriptomic analyses further revealed that HFn@M/R modulated key neurodevelopmental, metabolic, and immune pathways, underscoring its capacity to orchestrate a multi-target therapeutic network. Collectively, our findings establish HFn@M/R as a promising precision nanomedicine platform for ASD treatment, with potential applicability to a broad range of neurodevelopmental and neuroinflammatory disorders.
