Pubmed du 16/10/22
1. Ge H, Liu F, Yuen HK, Chen A, Yip V. Comprehension of Prosodically and Syntactically Marked Focus in Cantonese-Speaking Children With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of autism and developmental disorders. 2022.
This study investigated the comprehension of prosodically and syntactically marked focus by 5- to 8-year-old Cantonese-speaking children with and without autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Children listened to question-answer dialogues while looking at pictures depicting the scenarios, and judged whether the answers were correct responses to the questions. The results showed that children with ASD exhibited typically developing (TD)-like performance in the use of syntactic cues to understand focus, although they were significantly slower than their TD peers. However, children with ASD had more difficulties than their TD peers in utilizing prosodic cues in focus comprehension. These findings suggest that the comprehension difficulties found in children with ASD are domain-selective, and children with ASD are sensitive to language-specific focus marking strategies.
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2. Losada-Montes G, Peñalver-García DM, León-Estrada I, Gutiérrez-Ortega M. [Towards an early differential diagnosis in autism spectrum disorders and fragile X syndrome. A systematic review]. Revista de neurologia. 2022; 75(8): 213-23.
INTRODUCTION: Nearly 60% of those diagnosed with fragile X syndrome show comorbidity with autism. Thus, there are similarities and differences between both conditions that lead to very different clinical manifestations. However, an early differential diagnosis may help professionals to detect deficits and enhance strengths to apply the best suitable intervention. The purpose of this scoping review was to provide a comprehensive overview of the relation and the differences between autism and fragile X syndrome to orientate diagnosis and intervention. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The research for articles was carried out in PsycInfo, Medline, SCOPUS and Web of Science, including scientific articles published from 2010 to 2020 and children aged 0-6 years. The scoping review followed the PRISMA-ScR criteria. RESULTS: 22 studies were selected. Results were reviewed in terms of structural and morphological changes and cognitive, communicative, social-emotional and sensory-motor skills. CONCLUSIONS: Different growing cerebral patterns are observed in both conditions. Besides, there are early signs from the different developmental areas studied that show comorbidity or allow early differentiation. However, attentional function or repetitive mannerisms, among others, need further research.
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3. Syu GD, Sutandy FXR, Chen K, Cheng Y, Chen CS, Shih JC. Autoantibody profiling of monoamine oxidase A knockout mice, an autism spectrum disorder model. Brain, behavior, and immunity. 2022; 107: 193-200.
Monoamine oxidase A (MAO A) is the critical enzyme to degrade serotonin in the brain and the knockout mouse exhibits hyperserotonemia and abnormalities that are observed in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Thus, the MAO A knockout mouse is a valuable model for studying neurological and behavioral impairments in ASD. Based on the immune dysfunction hypothesis, dysregulated humoral immunity may cause neurological impairments. To address this hypothesis, we use high-density proteome microarray to profile the serum antibodies in both wild-type and MAO A knockout mice. The distingue autoantibody signatures were observed in the MAO A knockout and wild-type controls and showed 165 up-regulated and 232 down-regulated autoantibodies. The up-regulated autoantibodies were prone to target brain tissues while down-regulated ones were enriched in sex organs. The identified autoantibodies help bridge the gap between ASD mouse models and humoral immunity, not only yielding insights into the pathological mechanisms but also providing potential biomarkers for translational research in ASD.
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4. van den Bos N, Houwen S, Schoemaker M, Rozenblum S. Using Structural Equation Modeling to analyze handwriting of children and youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of autism and developmental disorders. 2022.
This study tests a handwriting model for children and youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) that displays the relationships between handwriting process and product characteristics, and the predictors of these characteristics. Structural Equation Modelling was used to test the model for children and youth with ASD (n = 50) and typically developing peers (n = 50), ages 10 to 15, for a copying and freestyle handwriting task. Findings suggest a generic handwriting model applying to both groups and both handwriting tasks. Unique effects for children and youth with ASD were identified for: (1) high interdependence of handwriting process characteristics, (2) longer pen stroke in air leading to better legibility, and (3) lower scores for executive functions leading to lower scores for legibility.
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5. Wantzen P, Clochon P, Doidy F, Wallois F, Mahmoudzadeh M, Desaunay P, Mille C, Guilé JM, Guénolé F, Eustache F, Baleyte JM, Guillery-Girard B. Correction: EEG resting-state functional connectivity: evidence for an imbalance of external/internal information integration in autism. Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders. 2022; 14(1): 55.
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6. Yokota S, Tanaka M. Less Negative Implicit Attitudes Toward Autism Spectrum Disorder in University Students: A Comparison with Physical Disabilities. Journal of autism and developmental disorders. 2022.
People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience stigmatization rooted in negative attitudes or prejudice toward them due to social awkwardness. However, little is known about implicit attitudes toward ASD, especially differences in attitudes compared to those of more visible conditions; physical disabilities. In this study, we implemented implicit association tests (IATs) to assess implicit attitudes. Sixty-three university students participated in IATs and answered questionnaires that measured explicit attitudes, social desirability, knowledge about-and familiarity with-disorders. The results demonstrated that implicit attitude toward ASD was significantly less negative than toward physical disabilities. Regarding the discrepancy, not socially awkward behavior but appearance of people with ASD can be evaluated as ‘in-group’ members and lead to less negative attitude compared with physical disabilities.
