1. Andalib S, Emamhadi MR, Yousefzadeh-Chabok S, Shakouri SK, Hoilund-Carlsen PF, Vafaee MS, Michel TM. {{Maternal SSRI exposure increases the risk of autistic offspring: A meta-analysis and systematic review}}. {Eur Psychiatry}. 2017; 45: 161-6.
BACKGROUND: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the most common antidepressants used to preclude maternal pregnancy depression. There is a growing body of literature assessing the association of prenatal exposure to SSRIs with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The present systematic review and meta-analysis reviewed the medical literature and pooled the results of the association of prenatal exposure to SSRIs with ASD. METHODS: Published investigations in English by June 2016 with keywords of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, SSRI, autism spectrum disorder, ASD, pregnancy, childhood, children, neurodevelopment were identified using databases PubMed and PMC, MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar. Cochran’s Q statistic-value (Q), degree of freedom (df), and I2 indices (variation in odds ratio [OR] attributable to heterogeneity) were calculated to analyze the risk of heterogeneity of the within- and between-study variability. Pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were reported by a Mantel-Haenszel test. RESULTS: There was a non-significant heterogeneity for the included studies ([Q=3.61, df=6, P=0.730], I2=0%). The pooled results showed a significant association between prenatal SSRI exposure and ASD (OR=1.82, 95% CI=1.59-2.10, Z=8.49, P=0.00). CONCLUSION: The evidence from the present study suggests that prenatal exposure to SSRIs is associated with a higher risk of ASD.
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2. Catala-Lopez F, Hutton B, Page MJ, Ridao M, Driver JA, Alonso-Arroyo A, Fores-Martos J, Macias Saint-Gerons D, Vieta E, Valencia A, Tabares-Seisdedos R. {{Risk of mortality among children, adolescents, and adults with autism spectrum disorder or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and their first-degree relatives: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies}}. {Syst Rev}. 2017; 6(1): 189.
BACKGROUND: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are childhood onset neurodevelopmental disorders that may persist into adulthood. ASD and ADHD tend to run in families and may have a significant negative impact on the health and longevity of those with the disorder and their relatives. The aim of this study will be to analyze the risk of mortality among children, adolescents, and adults with ASD or ADHD and their first-degree relatives. METHODS/DESIGN: We will conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Searches of PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, SCOPUS, and ISI Web of Science will be used to identify epidemiological studies. Eligible studies will be observational studies reporting study-specific data for all-cause mortality or cause-specific mortality in children, adolescents, or adults with ASD or ADHD and/or their first-degree relatives. Cohort studies and case-control studies will be included. The primary outcome will be all-cause mortality. The secondary outcome will be cause-specific mortality. Two reviewers will independently screen references identified by the literature search, as well as potentially relevant full-text articles. Data will be abstracted, and study risk of bias/methodological quality will be appraised by two reviewers independently. The methodological quality of epidemiological studies will be appraised using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Conflicts at all levels of screening and abstraction will be resolved through discussion. Random-effects meta-analyses of primary studies will be conducted where appropriate. Subgroup analyses for exploring statistical heterogeneity, if feasible, will include gender, age group, ethnicity, comorbidities, classification of cause of death, and relevant study characteristics. DISCUSSION: Our study will establish the extent of the epidemiological evidence underlying the risk of mortality among children, adolescents, and adults with ASD or ADHD and their first-degree relatives. We anticipate that our findings will be of interest to patients, their families, caregivers, healthcare professionals, scientists, and policy makers. Implications for future epidemiological research will be discussed. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42017059955 .
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3. Gomez L, Vidal B, Maragoto C, Morales LM, Berrillo S, Vera Cuesta H, Baez M, Denis M, Marin T, Cabrera Y, Sanchez A, Alarcon C, Selguera M, Llanez Y, Dieguez L, Robinson M. {{Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Short-Term Outcome Study}}. {Behav Sci (Basel)}. 2017; 7(3).
Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation (NIBS) is a relatively new therapeutic approach that has shown beneficial effects in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). One question to be answered is how enduring its neuromodulatory effect could be. Twenty-four patients with ASD (mean age: 12.2 years) received 20 sessions of NIBS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (L-DLPFC). They were randomized into two groups with two (G1) or three (G2) clinical evaluations before NIBS. Both groups had a complete follow-up at six months after the intervention, with the aim of determining the short-term outcome using the total score on the Autism Behavior Checklist, Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist, and the Autism Diagnostic Interview. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) was used in ASD patients aged <11 years, and repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) for 11-13-year-olds. Observation points were at one, three, and six months after completing all the sessions of NIBS. A significant reduction in the total score on the three clinical scales was observed and maintained during the first six months after treatment, with a slight and non-significant tendency to increase the scores in the last evaluation. Twenty sessions of NIBS over the L-DLPFC improves autistic symptoms in ASD children, with a lasting effect of six months. Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)
4. Roberts CA, Hunter J, Cheng AL. {{Resilience in Families of Children With Autism and Sleep Problems Using Mixed Methods}}. {J Pediatr Nurs}. 2017.
PURPOSE: About 80% of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have sleep problems that may disrupt optimal family functioning. We explored the impact of sleep problems on families’ resilience. DESIGN AND METHODS: An explanatory sequential mixed methods design was used to discern whether resilience differed between families whose children with ASD have or do not have sleep problems, to seek predictors for family hardiness/resilience, and to determine whether narrative findings support, expand, or conflict quantitative findings. RESULTS: Seventy complete surveys were returned from parents of children with ASD to compare sleep and family functioning. Fifty-seven children had sleep problems and six interviews regarding eight of these children were conducted. Parents of children with ASD and sleep problems had lower levels of resilience than those who slept well. Predictors of hardiness were social support, coping-coherence (stress management), and lower strain scores. Qualitative content analysis revealed a journey analogy with themes: finding the trailhead, dual pathways, crossing paths and choosing travel companions, forging new paths, resting along the way, and seeing the vistas. CONCLUSIONS: Qualitative findings supported quantitative findings regarding the impact of sleep problems but also expanded them by illustrating how families’ resilience and children’s socialization improved over time. Social support predicted family hardiness. Parents revealed that sleep issues contributed to family strains and described their progression to resilience and embracing their child. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Findings support the need for community and provider advocacy and implicates a need for development of sleep interventions on behalf of families and children with ASD.
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5. Zheng Z, Zhang L, Li S, Zhao F, Wang Y, Huang L, Huang J, Zou R, Qu Y, Mu D. {{Association among obesity, overweight and autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis}}. {Sci Rep}. 2017; 7(1): 11697.
Obesity, overweight and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remain serious public health problems. Although lots of studies have recently explored the association among obesity, overweight and ASD, the findings are inconsistent. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies to examine the association among obesity, overweight and ASD. PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were used for literature searches to identify eligible studies published in English before November 15, 2016. Relevant studies estimating the association among obesity, overweight and ASD were included. Fifteen studies encompassing 49,937,078 participants and 1,045,538 individuals with ASD were included in this study. A random effects model was chosen to synthesize the effect sizes of individual studies. The prevalence of obesity was significantly higher in individuals with ASD than in controls (OR = 1.84, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.37-2.48, P < 0.001). However, the prevalence of overweight in individuals with ASD was not significantly different from that in controls (OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 0.83-1.38, P = 0.62). Both sensitivity analysis and publication bias testing revealed that the findings were robust. The meta-analysis showed a significant association between obesity and ASD. However, no significant association was identified between overweight and ASD. Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)
