Pubmed du 18/06/23
1. Angulo-Ruiz BY, Ruiz-Martínez FJ, Rodríguez-Martínez EI, Ionescu A, Saldaña D, Gómez CM. Linear and Non-linear Analyses of EEG in a Group of ASD Children During Resting State Condition. Brain Topogr;2023 (Jun 18)
This study analyses the spontaneous electroencephalogram (EEG) brain activity of 14 children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) compared to 18 children with normal development, aged 5-11 years. (i) Power Spectral Density (PSD), (ii) variability across trials (coefficient of variation: CV), and (iii) complexity (multiscale entropy: MSE) of the brain signal analysis were computed on the resting state EEG. PSD (0.5-45 Hz) and CV were averaged over different frequency bands (low-delta, delta, theta, alpha, low-beta, high-beta and gamma). MSE were calculated with a coarse-grained procedure on 67 time scales and divided into fine, medium and coarse scales. In addition, significant neurophysiological variables were correlated with behavioral performance data (Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test (KBIT) and Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ)). Results show increased PSD fast frequency bands (high-beta and gamma), higher variability (CV) and lower complexity (MSE) in children with ASD when compared to typically developed children. These results suggest a more variable, less complex and, probably, less adaptive neural networks with less capacity to generate optimal responses in ASD children.
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2. Miller HL, Licari MK, Bhat A, Aziz-Zadeh LS, Van Damme T, Fears NE, Cermak SA, Tamplain PM. Motor problems in autism: Co-occurrence or feature?. Dev Med Child Neurol;2023 (Jun 18)
Motor features of autism have long been acknowledged by clinicians, researchers, and community stakeholders. Current DSM-5 and ICD-11 guidelines allow clinicians to assign a co-occurring diagnosis of developmental [motor] coordination disorder (DCD) for autistic individuals with significant motor problems. DCD is characterized by poor motor proficiency with an onset of symptoms in early development. Studies have shown considerable overlap in the behavioral motor features observed in autism and DCD. However, others indicate that motor problems in autism and DCD may stem from different underlying sensorimotor mechanisms. Regardless of whether autism has a unique motor phenotype or an overlap with DCD, changes need to be made in the clinical pipeline to address motor problems in autism at the stages of recognition, assessment, diagnosis, and intervention. Consensus is needed to address unmet needs in research on the etiology of motor problems in autism and their overlap with DCD, to optimize clinical practice guidelines. The development of screening and assessment tools for motor problems that are valid and reliable for use with autistic individuals is essential, and an evidence-based clinical pipeline for motor problems in autism is urgently needed.
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3. Tonizzi I, Usai MC. Math abilities in autism spectrum disorder: A meta-analysis. Res Dev Disabil;2023 (Jun 15);139:104559.
BACKGROUND: Studies focusing on math abilities in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are limited and often provide inconsistent results. AIM: This meta-analysis was conducted to investigate math abilities in people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to typically developing (TD) participants. METHODS AND PROCEDURES: According with PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search strategy was adopted. First, 4405 records were identified through database searching; then, the title-abstract screening led to the identification of 58 potentially relevant studies and, finally, after the full-text screening, 13 studies were included. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: Results shows that the group with ASD (n = 533) performed lower than the TD group (n = 525) with a small-to-medium effect (g=0.49). The effect size was not moderated by task-related characteristics. Instead, sample-related characteristics, specifically age, verbal intellectual functioning, and working memory, were significant moderators. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: This meta-analysis shows that people with ASD have poorer math skills than their TD peers, suggesting the importance of investigating math abilities in autism, taking into account the role of moderating variables.
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4. Vorstman JAS, Scherer SW. Contemplating syndromic autism. Genet Med;2023 (Jun 15):100919.
Genetic factors contribute to the etiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a group of neurodevelopmental conditions with an estimated population prevalence of 2.3%. Further elucidation of the genetic architecture underlying ASD continues. Against this backdrop, we review history and current use of the concept « syndromic autism », which refers to both genetic etiology and phenotypic co-comorbidity. We question whether this term is still helpful, both in clinical and in research contexts. We will outline the arguments in support of potentially abandoning usage of this construct and propose alternative strategies to facilitate the identification of clinically relevant subsets of individuals diagnosed with ASD. The emergence of the concept of syndromic autism, while understandable from a historical perspective, erroneously conflates two different attributions: genetic etiology and phenotypic co-morbidity. Current evidence indicates that these two components are independent, not only when the concept is used to describe individual patients, but also when used as a descriptor of (groups of) genes. Continued usage of distinction between syndromic versus non-syndromic autism may slow scientific progress and negatively affect clinical care. We propose that the use of scientifically valid and clinically useful distinctions will strengthen the evidence-base of clinical and research practice.
