1. Cheak-Zamora NC, Thullen M. {{Disparities in Quality and Access to Care for Children with Developmental Disabilities and Multiple Health Conditions}}. {Matern Child Health J};2016 (Jul 16)
BACKGROUND: The Maternal Child Health Bureau identified six indicators of quality and accessibility essential in achieving coordinated, family-centered, community-based care for children with special healthcare needs (CSHCN). Previous research examined associations between children with single conditions and individual indicators. We sought to identify disparities in meeting quality and accessibility indicators for children with different condition types. METHODS: The 2009-2010 National Survey of CSHCN is a nationally representative cross-sectional study with caregiver’s reports on 40,242 children (0-17 years). Children were categorized into one of seven conditions groups: physical health (PHC), mental health (MHC), developmental disability (DD), physical and mental (PHC and MHC), physical and developmental (PHC and DD), mental and developmental (MHC and DD) and physical, mental and developmental (PHC, MHC, and DD). Unadjusted and adjusted analyses determined associations between condition group and quality and access indicators. RESULTS: Children with DD, alone or in combination with another condition, were significantly less likely to meet each indicator (p < 0.01) after adjusting for individual demographic, child's activity limitations and family-related characteristics. Compared with children with PHC, those with all three conditions (PHC, MHC, and DD) had the lowest odds of access to medical home (61 % decreased odds (DO)), community services (67 % DO), and adequate insurance (26 % DO); MHC and DD had the lowest odds of partnering in decision making (51 % DO); DD had the lowest odds of healthcare transition service (66 % DO). CONCLUSIONS: Children with DD and multiple conditions experience disparities in quality and access to healthcare services, meeting most indictors half as often as other CSHCN. Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)
2. Chmielewski WX, Wolff N, Muckschel M, Roessner V, Beste C. {{Effects of multisensory integration processes on response inhibition in adolescent autism spectrum disorder}}. {Psychol Med};2016 (Jul 18):1-12.
BACKGROUND: In everyday life it is often required to integrate multisensory input to successfully conduct response inhibition (RI) and thus major executive control processes. Both RI and multisensory processes have been suggested to be altered in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It is, however, unclear which neurophysiological processes relate to changes in RI in ASD and in how far these processes are affected by possible multisensory integration deficits in ASD. METHOD: Combining high-density EEG recordings with source localization analyses, we examined a group of adolescent ASD patients (n = 20) and healthy controls (n = 20) using a novel RI task. RESULTS: Compared to controls, RI processes are generally compromised in adolescent ASD. This aggravation of RI processes is modulated by the content of multisensory information. The neurophysiological data suggest that deficits in ASD emerge in attentional selection and resource allocation processes related to occipito-parietal and middle frontal regions. Most importantly, conflict monitoring subprocesses during RI were specifically modulated by content of multisensory information in the superior frontal gyrus. CONCLUSIONS: RI processes are overstrained in adolescent ASD, especially when conflicting multisensory information has to be integrated to perform RI. It seems that the content of multisensory input is important to consider in ASD and its effects on cognitive control processes.
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3. Connolly A, Rinehart N, Johnson B, Papadopoulous N, Fielding J. {{Voluntary saccades in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Looking into the relationship between motor impairment and Autism Spectrum Disorder symptoms}}. {Neuroscience};2016 (Jul 14)
Although there is little overlap in core diagnostic criteria for ADHD and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), ASD symptoms are estimated to co-occur in children with ADHD in 20-50% of cases. As motor control deficits are common to both disorders, we investigated the impact of ASD symptoms on ocular motor control in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder-Combined Type (ADHD-CT), using a cued saccade paradigm sensitive to cerebellar ocular motor impairment in ASD. Basic saccade metrics (latency, velocity and accuracy), trial-to-trial variability, and main sequences relationships (saccade velocity for a given amplitude) were assessed, for 14 males with ADHD-CT and 14 typically developing (TD) males (aged 8-14, IQ>80). Our results revealed that saccade profiles of the ADHD-CT group showed a pattern of hypermetria and altered main sequence. As the cerebellum is crucially involved in the regulation of saccade parameters, we propose that this pattern of deficit in ADHD-CT is consistent with the widely reported morphological abnormalities in ocular motor vermis (cerebellar lobules VI-VII) in ADHD-CT and ASD.
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4. Di Giorgio E, Frasnelli E, Rosa Salva O, Scattoni ML, Puopolo M, Tosoni D, Simion F, Vallortigara G. {{Corrigendum: Difference in Visual Social Predispositions Between Newborns at Low- and High-risk for Autism}}. {Sci Rep};2016;6:29860.
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5. Hong ER, Ganz JB, Mason R, Morin K, Davis JL, Ninci J, Neely LC, Boles MB, Gilliland WD. {{The effects of video modeling in teaching functional living skills to persons with ASD: A meta-analysis of single-case studies}}. {Res Dev Disabil};2016 (Jul 18);57:158-169.
BACKGROUND: Many individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) show deficits in functional living skills, leading to low independence, limited community involvement, and poor quality of life. With development of mobile devices, utilizing video modeling has become more feasible for educators to promote functional living skills of individuals with ASD. AIMS: This article aims to review the single-case experimental literature and aggregate results across studies involving the use of video modeling to improve functional living skills of individuals with ASD. METHODS AND PROCEDURES: The authors extracted data from single-case experimental studies and evaluated them using the Tau-U effect size measure. Effects were also differentiated by categories of potential moderators and other variables, including age of participants, concomitant diagnoses, types of video modeling, and outcome measures. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: Results indicate that video modeling interventions are overall moderately effective with this population and dependent measures. While significant differences were not found between categories of moderators and other variables, effects were found to be at least moderate for most of them. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: It is apparent that more single-case experiments are needed in this area, particularly with preschool and secondary-school aged participants, participants with ASD-only and those with high-functioning ASD, and for video modeling interventions addressing community access skills.
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6. Peralta F, Fuentealba C, Fiedler J, Aliaga E. {{Prenatal valproate treatment produces autistic-like behavior and increases metabotropic glutamate receptor 1A-immunoreactivity in the hippocampus of juvenile rats}}. {Mol Med Rep};2016 (Jul 18)
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social communication and social interaction, and repetitive and stereotypical patterns of behavior. Previously, a common physiopathological pathway, involving the control of synaptic protein synthesis, was proposed as a convergence point in ASD. In particular, a role for local mRNA translation activated by class I metabotropic glutamate receptor type 5 (mGluR5) was suggested in genetic syndromes with autistic signs and in the prenatal exposition to the valproate model of autism. However, the role of the other members of class I metabotropic glutamate receptors, including mGluR1, has been poorly studied. The present study analyzed the immunoreactivity for mGluR1a in the hippocampus of rats prenatally treated with valproate. Pregnant dams (embryonic day 12.5) were injected with valproate (450 mg/kg) and subsequently, the behavior and mGluR1a were evaluated at postnatal day 30. Experimental rats exhibited social deficit, repetitive conduct and anxious behaviors compared with that of the control animals. Additionally, the present study observed an increased level of mGluR1a-immunoreactivity in the hilus of dentate gyrus and in the CA1 alveus region of the hippocampus. These results suggested an overfunctioning of mGluR1a signaling in the hippocampus, induced in the valproate model of autism, which may serve a role in cognitive and behavioral signs of ASD.
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7. Scorza FA, Andersen ML, Cysneiros RM. {{Echoes of the association between autism and epilepsy: A long translational research explanation}}. {Epilepsy Behav};2016 (Jul 18);62:12-13.
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8. Zhao XN, Lokanga R, Allette K, Gazy I, Wu D, Usdin K. {{A MutSbeta-Dependent Contribution of MutSalpha to Repeat Expansions in Fragile X Premutation Mice?}}. {PLoS Genet};2016 (Jul);12(7):e1006190.
The fragile X-related disorders result from expansion of a CGG/CCG microsatellite in the 5′ UTR of the FMR1 gene. We have previously demonstrated that the MSH2/MSH3 complex, MutSbeta, that is important for mismatch repair, is essential for almost all expansions in a mouse model of these disorders. Here we show that the MSH2/MSH6 complex, MutSalpha also contributes to the production of both germ line and somatic expansions as evidenced by the reduction in the number of expansions observed in Msh6-/- mice. This effect is not mediated via an indirect effect of the loss of MSH6 on the level of MSH3. However, since MutSbeta is required for 98% of germ line expansions and almost all somatic ones, MutSalpha is apparently not able to efficiently substitute for MutSbeta in the expansion process. Using purified human proteins we demonstrate that MutSalpha, like MutSbeta, binds to substrates with loop-outs of the repeats and increases the thermal stability of the structures that they form. We also show that MutSalpha facilitates binding of MutSbeta to these loop-outs. These data suggest possible models for the contribution of MutSalpha to repeat expansion. In addition, we show that unlike MutSbeta, MutSalpha may also act to protect against repeat contractions in the Fmr1 gene.
