1. Alotaibi M, Ramzan K. {{A de novo variant of CHD8 in a patient with autism spectrum disorder}}. {Discoveries (Craiova, Romania)}. 2020; 8(1): e107.
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders, usually diagnosed in early childhood, that are characterized by adaptive deficits in social interaction, communication skills, and restricted or stereotyped repetitive patterns of behavior. There had been limited success to define ASD subtypes on the behavioral basis. Genetically categorized ASD subtypes may provide basis to determine the course, prognosis, and individualized mechanism based treatment. Mutations in chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 8 (CHD8) gene, have been associated with autism, macrocephaly, speech delay, distinct facial features, sleep and gastrointestinal disturbances. There are few cases in the literature reporting de novo mutations of CHD8 exhibiting sporadic ASD. Here we describe a Saudi boy with developmental delay, intellectual disability, macrocephaly, craniofacial abnormalities, speech delay, but without any history of seizures, gastrointestinal problems or sleep disturbance. Whole exome sequencing for parent-child trio revealed a de novo heterozygous loss-of-function mutation (c.4984C>T, p.Arg1662Ter) in CHD8 gene. Our findings elaborate the genotype-phenotype correlation and confirm that the CHD8 disruptions represent a clinical ASD subtype and further highlight the significance of implementing genomic medicine in clinical practice for an early intervention and necessary support for the families.
Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)
2. Burke MM, Rios K, Aleman-Tovar J, Lee CE, Arnold CK, Owen A. {{Exploring the nature and correlates of caregiving among parents of adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities}}. {J Appl Res Intellect Disabil}. 2020.
BACKGROUND: As adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) have longer lives, parents may remain caregivers into old age. In addition, it is unknown who will fulfil caregiving roles after parents are no longer able to be caregivers. In the current study, we explored the nature (e.g. number of hours of caregiving) and correlates of parental caregiving for their adult offspring with intellectual and developmental disabilities and their future caregiving plans. METHOD: In the United States, data were collected from 334 parents of adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities via a national survey. RESULTS: Altogether, 55% of the sample spent more than 15 hr conducting caregiving per week. Individual characteristics (e.g. maladaptive behaviour and functional abilities) and parent characteristics (e.g. physical proximity of the adult with intellectual and developmental disabilities and caregiving ability) positively correlated with caregiving hours. Notably, 38.58% of participants were unsure who would fulfil caregiving roles. CONCLUSION: Implications for research about caregiving and practice are discussed.
Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)
3. Chan KKS, Leung DCK. {{The Impact of Child Autistic Symptoms on Parental Marital Relationship: Parenting and Coparenting Processes as Mediating Mechanisms}}. {Autism Res}. 2020.
Research shows that parenting a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with increased marital conflicts and reduced marital love. Less is known, however, about the potential mechanism underlying these associations. The present study tested a family process model linking child autism to parental marriage. We hypothesized that child autistic symptoms would be associated with increased marital conflicts and reduced marital love among parents of children with ASD, and that these associations would be mediated by parenting stress and coparenting conflicts. A total of 382 parents of children with ASD from Hong Kong, China completed questionnaire measures of child autistic symptoms, parenting stress, coparenting conflicts, marital conflicts, and marital love. Structural equation modeling (SEM) and Bootstrap analyses were conducted to analyze the relations among the variables. SEM showed that child autistic symptoms were related to higher levels of parenting stress and coparenting conflicts, which were, in turn, related to increased marital conflicts and reduced marital love among parents of children with ASD. Bootstrap analyses further demonstrated that child autistic symptoms had significant indirect effects on marital conflicts and marital love via parenting stress and coparenting conflicts. Theoretically, this study revealed the potential pathways through which child autism symptomatology may adversely impact the family processes and compromise the marital relationships of parents of children with ASD. Practically, this study pointed to the utility of helping parents of children with ASD to manage child autistic symptoms, alleviate parenting stress, and reduce coparenting conflicts in improving their marital qualities. LAY SUMMARY: This study showed that child autistic symptoms were related to higher levels of parenting stress and coparenting conflicts, which were, in turn, related to increased marital conflicts and reduced marital love among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). These findings pointed to the importance of helping parents of children with ASD to manage child autistic symptoms, alleviate parenting stress, and reduce coparenting conflicts in improving their marital qualities. (c) 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)
4. Christakis DA. {{Early Media Exposure and Autism Spectrum Disorder: Heat and Light}}. {JAMA Pediatr}. 2020.
Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)
5. Dan Z, Mao X, Liu Q, Guo M, Zhuang Y, Liu Z, Chen K, Chen J, Xu R, Tang J, Qin L, Gu B, Liu K, Su C, Zhang F, Xia Y, Hu Z, Liu X. {{Altered gut microbial profile is associated with abnormal metabolism activity of Autism Spectrum Disorder}}. {Gut microbes}. 2020: 1-22.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder. To enhance the understanding of the gut microbiota structure in ASD children at different ages as well as the relationship between gut microbiota and fecal metabolites, we first used the 16S rRNA sequencing to evaluate the gut microbial population in a cohort of 143 children aged 2-13 years old. We found that the alpha-diversity of ASD group showed no significant change with age, while the TD group showed increased alpha-diversity with age, which indicates that the compositional development of the gut microbiota in ASD varies at different ages in ways that are not consistent with TD group. Recent studies have shown that chronic constipation is one of the most commonly obvious gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms along with ASD core symptoms. To further investigate the potential interaction effects between ASD and GI symptoms, the 30 C-ASD and their aged-matched TD were picked out to perform metagenomics analysis. We observed that C-ASD group displayed decreased diversity, depletion of species of Sutterella, Prevotella, and Bacteroides as well as dysregulation of associated metabolism activities, which may involve in the pathogenesis of C-ASD. Consistent with metagenomic analysis, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) revealed some of the differential metabolites between C-ASD and TD group were involved in the metabolic network of neurotransmitters including serotonin, dopamine, histidine, and GABA. Furthermore, we found these differences in metabolites were associated with altered abundance of specific bacteria. The study suggested possible future modalities for ASD intervention through targeting the specific bacteria associated with neurotransmitter metabolism.
Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)
6. Deng L, Rattadilok P. {{The need for and barriers to using assistive technologies among individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders in China}}. {Assistive technology : the official journal of RESNA}. 2020.
A large number of people in China have been affected by Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs). However, different factors associated with current barriers to accessing external support by ASD individuals in China have been identified. Assistive technologies are believed to help address the barriers. To obtain an in-depth understanding of the need and barriers of Chinese individuals with ASD in using assistive technologies, this study surveyed parents of ASD children, ASD professionals, as well as technology developers in the field. This study found that people in China have lower awareness and utilization of assistive technologies but similar demands for technologies when compared to those in the United Kingdom. Monitoring and informing systems, therapeutic recommendation systems and social skill training applications are major forms of assistive technologies desired by the participants in the interviews. Concerns about affordability, public exposure, confidentiality breaches and possible side-effects are considered as barriers that may prevent ASD individuals in China from using assistive technologies. The paper further discussed potential orientations of assistive technology development in China. Considering Chinese individuals may suffer intense stigma and heavy financial burden on mental disabilities, affordable mobile applications that help reduce the stigma would be more acceptable by Chinese ASD individuals.
Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)
7. Grahame V, Stuart L, Honey E, Freeston M. {{Response: Anxiety and behaviour in and beyond ASD; does the idea of ‘PDA’ really help? – a response to Green (2020)}}. {Child and adolescent mental health}. 2020; 25(2): 77-8.
We acknowledge Green’s viewpoint and agree that currently the literature does not support the validity of PDA as an independent syndrome. However, the controversy is real and exists for a reason. We therefore argue that it is important to move beyond labelling and the potentially unhelpful implications of discussion around whether or not it is a condition, diagnosis or a co-morbid condition, to a point of recognition of the phenomenon. We argue that what we need is more accurate description of these behaviours and better measurement to allow us to answer key questions about this phenomenon, whatever we name it. In our paper (Stuart et al, Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 2019) and response, we are trying to move the debate on from opinion and anecdote to be more data-driven, which hopefully leads to increased identification of what research needs to be done. We build on this argument by outlining our second proposed and yet to be published paper exploring the role that IU has in the relationship between ASD, PDA (however we label this) and anxiety.
Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)
8. Green J. {{Commentary: Anxiety and behaviour in and beyond ASD; does the idea of ‘PDA’ really help? – a commentary on Stuart et al. (2020)}}. {Child and adolescent mental health}. 2020; 25(2): 74-6.
Many children with austism spectrum disorder (ASD) show difficulties containing anxiety, acute distress, behavioural avoidance or control, and sometimes to an extreme degree. Not nearly enough is known about the variety of likely origins of such presentations or their course. Pathological Demand Avoidance (PDA) has been advocated as a discrete developmental syndrome explaining such characteristics when extreme, but its status as an entity is controversial and to date poorly evidenced. Stuart et al. make one of the first studies into factors underlying PDA, by testing Intolerance of uncertainty and anxiety as explanatory paradigms. There is a circularity in their sampling design and common respondent methods, which, alongside the uncertain status of PDA itself, inevitably limits firm conclusions from their study. However, they do develop important concepts and hypotheses that could and should be tested in representative samples across ASD, using comparative, longitudinal and intervention designs. This will contribute to important progress will be made in understanding mental health presentations in ASD and their treatment, as well as resolving debates around PDA itself.
Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)
9. Griffiths KK, Wang A, Wang L, Tracey M, Kleiner G, Quinzii CM, Sun L, Yang G, Perez-Zoghbi JF, Licznerski P, Yang M, Jonas EA, Levy RJ. {{Inefficient thermogenic mitochondrial respiration due to futile proton leak in a mouse model of fragile X syndrome}}. {FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology}. 2020.
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the leading known inherited intellectual disability and the most common genetic cause of autism. The full mutation results in transcriptional silencing of the Fmr1 gene and loss of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) expression. Defects in neuroenergetic capacity are known to cause a variety of neurodevelopmental disorders. Thus, we explored the integrity of forebrain mitochondria in Fmr1 knockout mice during the peak of synaptogenesis. We found inefficient thermogenic respiration due to futile proton leak in Fmr1 KO mitochondria caused by coenzyme Q (CoQ) deficiency and an open cyclosporine-sensitive channel. Repletion of mitochondrial CoQ within the Fmr1 KO forebrain closed the channel, blocked the pathological proton leak, restored rates of protein synthesis during synaptogenesis, and normalized the key phenotypic features later in life. The findings demonstrate that FMRP deficiency results in inefficient oxidative phosphorylation during the neurodevelopment and suggest that dysfunctional mitochondria may contribute to the FXS phenotype.
Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)
10. Heffler KF, Sienko DM, Subedi K, McCann KA, Bennett DS. {{Association of Early-Life Social and Digital Media Experiences With Development of Autism Spectrum Disorder-Like Symptoms}}. {JAMA Pediatr}. 2020.
Importance: Despite growing evidence that parent-child interactions and time viewing digital media affect child development, these factors have rarely been studied in association with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms. Objective: To determine the association of experiential factors, including social activities and screen viewing in the first 18 months of life, perinatal factors, and demographic factors, with ASD-like symptoms and risk on the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) at 2 years. Design, Setting, and Participants: Data for this cohort study were derived from the National Children’s Study, a US multicenter epidemiological study of environmental influences on child health and development. A total of 2152 children were enrolled at birth from October 1, 2010, to October 31, 2012. Data were analyzed from December 1, 2017, to December 3, 2019. Exposures: Caregivers reported whether the child viewed television and/or videos (yes or no) at 12 months of age, hours of viewing at 18 months of age, time spent by the caregiver reading to the child (number of days per week compared with daily) at 12 months of age, and frequency of playing with the child (daily or less than daily) at 12 months of age. Prematurity, maternal age at birth, child sex, household income, race/ethnicity, and caregiver English-language status were included in analysis. Main Outcomes and Measures: Significant association of exposures with ASD risk by M-CHAT and/or ASD-like symptoms assessed by revised M-CHAT (M-CHAT-R) total score in multiple regression models. Results: Among the 2152 children included in the analysis (1099 boys [51.1%]), television and/or video viewing (yes or no) at 12 months of age was significantly associated with greater ASD-like symptoms at 2 years of age (change, 4.2%; 95% CI, 0.1%-8.3%) but not with ASD risk (risk prevalence rates, 8.3% vs 4.4%; adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.40; 95% CI, 0.86-2.29). Similarly, parent-child play daily compared with less than daily was significantly associated with fewer ASD-like symptoms at 2 years of age (change, -8.9%; 95% CI, -16.5% to -0.9%) but not with ASD risk (risk prevalence rates, 6.4% vs 14.0%; AOR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.31-1.08). However, high screen viewing at 18 months of age was not significantly associated with ASD-like symptoms (change, 10.7%; 95% CI, -2.0% to 23.0%) or ASD risk by M-CHAT (AOR, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.56-2.49) at 2 years of age. Conclusions and Relevance: This cohort study found greater screen exposure and less caregiver-child play early in life to be associated with later ASD-like symptoms. Further research is needed to evaluate experiential factors for potential risk or protective effects in ASD.
Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)
11. Leming M, Gorriz JM, Suckling J. {{Ensemble Deep Learning on Large, Mixed-Site fMRI Datasets in Autism and Other Tasks}}. {International journal of neural systems}. 2020: 2050012.
Deep learning models for MRI classification face two recurring problems: they are typically limited by low sample size, and are abstracted by their own complexity (the « black box problem »). In this paper, we train a convolutional neural network (CNN) with the largest multi-source, functional MRI (fMRI) connectomic dataset ever compiled, consisting of 43,858 datapoints. We apply this model to a cross-sectional comparison of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) versus typically developing (TD) controls that has proved difficult to characterize with inferential statistics. To contextualize these findings, we additionally perform classifications of gender and task versus rest. Employing class-balancing to build a training set, we trained 3 x 300 modified CNNs in an ensemble model to classify fMRI connectivity matrices with overall AUROCs of 0.6774, 0.7680, and 0.9222 for ASD versus TD, gender, and task versus rest, respectively. Additionally, we aim to address the black box problem in this context using two visualization methods. First, class activation maps show which functional connections of the brain our models focus on when performing classification. Second, by analyzing maximal activations of the hidden layers, we were also able to explore how the model organizes a large and mixed-center dataset, finding that it dedicates specific areas of its hidden layers to processing different covariates of data (depending on the independent variable analyzed), and other areas to mix data from different sources. Our study finds that deep learning models that distinguish ASD from TD controls focus broadly on temporal and cerebellar connections, with a particularly high focus on the right caudate nucleus and paracentral sulcus.
Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)
12. Lyall K, Song L, Botteron K, Croen LA, Dager SR, Fallin MD, Hazlett HC, Kauffman E, Landa R, Ladd-Acosta C, Messinger DS, Ozonoff S, Pandey J, Piven J, Schmidt RJ, Schultz RT, Stone WL, Newschaffer CJ, Volk HE. {{The Association Between Parental Age and Autism-Related Outcomes in Children at High Familial Risk for Autism}}. {Autism Res}. 2020.
Advanced parental age is a well-replicated risk factor for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a neurodevelopmental condition with a complex and not well-defined etiology. We sought to determine parental age associations with ASD-related outcomes in subjects at high familial risk for ASD. A total of 397 younger siblings of a child with ASD, drawn from existing prospective high familial risk cohorts, were included in these analyses. Overall, we did not observe significant associations of advanced parental age with clinical ASD diagnosis, Social Responsiveness Scale, or Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales scores. Instead, increased odds of ASD were found with paternal age < 30 years (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.83 and 95% confidence intervals [CI] = 1.14-7.02). Likewise, younger age (<30 years) for both parents was associated with decreases in Mullen Scales of Early Learning early learning composite (MSEL-ELC) scores (adjusted beta = -9.62, 95% CI = -17.1 to -2.15). We also found significant increases in cognitive functioning based on MSEL-ELC scores with increasing paternal age (adjusted beta associated with a 10-year increase in paternal age = 5.51, 95% CI = 0.70-10.3). Results suggest the potential for a different relationship between parental age and ASD-related outcomes in families with elevated ASD risk than has been observed in general population samples. Autism Res 2020. (c) 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Previous work suggests that older parents have a greater likelihood of having a child with autism. We investigated this relationship in the younger siblings of families who already had a child with autism. In this setting, we found a higher likelihood of autism, as well as poorer cognitive scores, in the siblings with younger fathers, and higher cognitive scores in the siblings with older parents. These results suggest that parental age associations may differ based on children's familial risk for autism. Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)
13. Palese A, Conforto L, Meloni F, Bordei V, Domenighini A, Bulfone E, Grassetti L, Gonella S. {{Assessing pain in children with autism spectrum disorders: findings from a preliminary validation study}}. {Scandinavian journal of caring sciences}. 2020.
AIMS: Assessing pain in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) can be extremely challenging, since many cannot self-report pain. This study aims to test the validity of the Non-Communicating Children’s Pain Checklist – Revised (NCCPC-R) in identifying pain in children and adolescents affected by ASDs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A two-phase validation study based on (a) the translation and cultural adaptation of the NCCPC-R to Italian and to ASD-specific needs and context; and (b) the validation of a modified, 32-item version of the NCCPC-R. In all, 141 carers of children aged 6-16 years with ASDs were asked to recall an in-pain episode and a not-in-pain episode of their child and to rate on a 3-point scale (0 = not at all, 3 = very often) each behaviour included in the tool. Internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha), explorative and confirmative factorial structure, as well as concurrent and discriminant validity, were all assessed. RESULTS: Confirmatory factor analysis established the revised version of the NCCPC-R for children with ASDs (named = NCCPC-RASD ), formed from 10 of the original 30 items categorised into three factors (‘Changing in mood’, ‘Increasing in tension’ and ‘Alerting reaction’) to have an acceptable level of reliability. The tool was internally consistent (alpha = 0.741 during in-pain episodes, alpha = 0.790 during not-in-pain episodes) and was able to discriminate between in-pain episodes (13.36 out of 40; CI 95% 12.34-14.39) and not-in-pain episodes (7.84 out of 40; CI 95% 6.86-8.82, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These results provide preliminary evidence that the 10-item version of the NCCPC-RASD is a reliable and valid tool for assessing pain in children with ASD. Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)
14. Penmetsa C, Penmetcha S, Cheruku SR, Mallineni SK, Patil AK, Namineni S. {{Role of Dental Discomfort Questionnaire-Based Approach in Recognition of Symptomatic Expressions Due to Dental Pain in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders}}. {Contemporary clinical dentistry}. 2019; 10(3): 446-51.
Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate whether the Dental Discomfort Questionnaire (DDQ) could help to identify toothaches in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Materials and Methods: This study involved sixty children between the age groups of 6-16 years, attending the day-care schools diagnosed with ASD. Five different groups of children were identified based on the presence of a toothache and/or carious teeth. The DDQ-8 was completed by parents and evaluated by a single examiner. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (SPSS version 17), and a correlation was observed between the total DDQ score and the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft-DMFT) score. Results: Analysis of the data showed that DDQ-8 had a significant correlation with that of DMFT score in a group « with carious teeth but no toothache » (r = 0.497, P = 0.019) and group « with carious teeth and a toothache » (r = 0.682 P = 0.043). A group « without carious teeth where the parents were not sure whether or not the child had a toothache » had higher mean compared to other groups with DDQ-8 scores. Conclusion: There was a significant difference in the total mean DDQ scores when they were compared with that of the control group. Children with high DDQ-8 often had a high DMFT/dmft score. A significant correlation was found when the total DDQ-8 scores were compared with that of the DMFT score.
Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)
15. Shah A, Singh S, Ajithkrishnan CG, Kariya PB, Patel H, Ghosh A. {{Caregiver’s Sense of Coherence: A Predictor of Oral Health-Related Behaviors of Autistic Children in India}}. {Contemporary clinical dentistry}. 2019; 10(2): 197-202.
Context: Sense of coherence (SOC) is hypothesized to be an important psychological factor that enables people to cope with stressors and successfully maintain and improve health. Aim: This study was conducted with the aim to investigate the relationship between oral health-related behaviors of autistic children and SOC of their caregivers. Settings and Design: An Exploratory cross sectional study was conducted to investigate the association of oral health-related behaviors of autistic children and their primary caregiver’s sense of coherence in Vadodara city, Gujarat. Methods and Results: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 58 autistic children and their caregivers. The Gujarati version of Antonovsky’s SOC scale (13 items) was employed to assess the caregiver’s SOC. The outcome variables were the child’s oral health-related behaviors, including frequency of sugary snack intake, toothbrushing frequency, and utilization of dental service. Statistical Analysis Used: Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between the variables. Results: Autistic children whose mothers (as caregivers) had higher SOC scores had a lower frequency of sugary snack intake and greater utilization of dental services compared with the children whose mothers had lower SOC scores. The other measures of oral health-related behaviors of the child were not significantly associated with the caregiver’s SOC. Conclusion: Oral health-related behaviors of autistic children, namely sugary snack intake frequency, toothbrushing frequency, and utilization of dental services, were associated with the SOC of their mothers.
Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)
16. Soeker MS. {{A descriptive, qualitative study of the challenges that individuals with autism spectrum disorder experience when transitioning from skills training programs into the open labor market in Cape Town, South Africa}}. {Work (Reading, Mass)}. 2020.
BACKGROUND: There is limited existence of qualitative research on adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), who are transitioning between skills training programs and finding employment in the open labor market, in South Africa. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this current study was to explore the experiences and perceptions of individuals living with ASD, regarding transitioning from a skills training program to working in the open labor market. PARTICIPANTS: The data were collected through semi-structured interviews with ten participants, who were diagnosed with ASD, and working in the open labor market, as well as five key informants, who have worked with autistic individuals in a skills training program. METHODS: The data collected, using an explorative, descriptive, qualitative method, were analyzed using thematic analysis, and resulted in three emerging themes. RESULTS: Theme one: The ‘disorder’ in the workplace -The individual and collective barriers that individuals experience in the workplace are described, including social, emotional, and communication difficulties, as well as the stigmatization experienced by persons with a disability. Theme two: Making the workplace work -The facilitative support that individuals are exposed to, in the form of intervention from occupational therapists, sensory psychologists, and other forms of skills training programs, are described. In addition to supportive intervention, the relationships and networking within, and outside of the workplace, are discussed in theme two. Theme three: What works for me -The individual adaptations made by the participants, in the form of unique coping mechanisms in the workplace, as well as in the home environment, are discussed. CONCLUSION: It was observed that, while there are barriers to the transitioning of autistic individuals into the open labor market, there are enablers that facilitate a less challenging transitioning process, in the form of family and workplace support, as well as skills training, and self-identified coping mechanisms.
Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)
17. Xu L, Hua Q, Yu J, Li J. {{Classification of autism spectrum disorder based on sample entropy of spontaneous functional near infra-red spectroscopy signal}}. {Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology}. 2020; 131(6): 1365-74.
OBJECTIVES: To assess the possibility of distinguishing autism spectrum disorder (ASD) based on the characteristic of spontaneous hemodynamic fluctuations and to explore the location of abnormality in the brain. METHODS: Using the sample entropy (SampEn) of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) from bilateral inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and temporal cortex (TC) on 25 children with ASD and 22 typical development (TD) children, the pattern of mind-wandering was assessed. With the SampEn as feature variables, a machine learning classifier was applied to mark ASD and locate the abnormal area in the brain. RESULTS: The SampEn was generally lower for ASD than TD, indicating the fNIRS series from ASD was unstable, had low fluctuation, and high self-similarity. The classification between ASD and TD could reach 97.6% in accuracy. CONCLUSIONS: The SampEn of fNIRS could accurately distinguish ASD. The abnormality in terms of the SampEn occurs more frequently in IFG than TC, and more frequently in the left than in the right hemisphere. SIGNIFICANCE: The results of this study may help to understand the cortical mechanism of ASD and provide a fNIRS-based diagnosis for ASD.
Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)
18. Yanagimoto Y, Ishizaki Y, Kaneko K. {{Iron deficiency anemia, stunted growth, and developmental delay due to avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder by restricted eating in autism spectrum disorder}}. {BioPsychoSocial medicine}. 2020; 14: 8.
Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)
19. Zeif D, Yechiam E. {{Autism is not associated with poor or enhanced performance on the Iowa Gambling Task: A Meta-Analysis}}. {Neurosci Biobehav Rev}. 2020.
Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) report difficulties in making routine decisions. Yet there is a controversy about whether their decision performance is impaired or enhanced compared to typically developing individuals. We focused on studies of the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) where contrary arguments have been made in this regard. In a meta-analysis, we examined differences between high functioning individuals with ASD and controls in decision performance (choice of long-term advantageous options) and choice switching on the IGT. The analysis encompassed 14 studies involving 433 participants with ASD and 500 controls. The results showed virtually no difference in IGT performance between groups (d = 0.04), except for a slight disadvantage in the first block of trials for the ASD group (d = -0.16). We also found a non-significant trend towards increased choice switching in the ASD group (d = -0.37) that may be examined in future research. In sum, decision performance on the IGT is similar in individuals with ASD and controls, though their strategy may differ.
