Pubmed du 24/08/25
1. Bertamini G, Perzolli S, Bentenuto A, Furlanello C, Chetouani M, Venuti P, Cohen D. Temporal dynamics of early child-clinician prosodic synchrony predict one year autism intervention outcomes using AI driven affective computing. Sci Rep. 2025; 15(1): 31144.
The patient-therapist interpersonal dynamics is a cornerstone of psychotherapy, yet how it shapes clinical outcomes remains underexplored and difficult to quantify. This is also true in autism, where interpersonal interplay is recognized as an active element of intervention. Moreover, behavioral research is time-consuming and labor-intensive, limiting its translational applications. We studied 25 autistic preschoolers (17 therapists) across two naturalistic 60-minute sessions of developmental intervention at baseline and after three months (50 videos total). Clinical outcomes were assessed at baseline and one year into intervention. We developed a fully automated pipeline combining deep learning and affective computing to: (i) segment full-session audio recordings, (ii) model child-clinician acoustic synchrony using nonlinear metrics grounded in complex systems theory, and (iii) predict long-term response from early synchrony patterns. Changes in early synchrony dynamics predicted clinical response. Better outcomes were associated with synchrony patterns reflecting increased variability, predictability, and self-organization alongside prosodic features linked to emotional engagement. Our scalable, non-invasive system enables large-scale, objective measurement of therapy dynamics. In autism, our findings emphasize the importance of early interpersonal synchrony and emotional engagement as active drivers of developmental change. Our approach captures the full dynamics of entire therapy sessions, providing a richer, ecologically valid view of interpersonal synchrony.
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2. Chen YT, Wong LC, Tsai SM, Chen PR, Shen HY, Tsai WC, Lee WT. The associated factors of nutritional issues and body composition in Rett syndrome. J Formos Med Assoc. 2025.
Individuals with Rett syndrome (RTT), a rare neurodevelopmental disorder, often face significant nutritional challenges. We explored factors affecting nutritional status and body composition in RTT individuals using dietary assessments and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). This study involved 40 participants and found that underweight individuals with severe growth deficits often had reduced body fat, visceral fat, and arm circumference. Protein and zinc intake percentages were significantly lower in those with higher severity scores. Adolescents with the highest growth deficit and underweight ratios had caloric, protein, and calcium intakes below the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI). Over 88 % of adults had insufficient calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc and fiber intake. Among the 15 females with RTT, sarcopenia was present in 14 (93.3 %), while sarcopenic obesity was present in 4 (26.67 %). Therefore, comprehensive dietary and body composition assessments, including body mass index, body fat, skeletal muscle, and mid-upper arm circumference, are crucial for identifying nutritional disorders in RTT. Addressing these issues through appropriate interventions is essential for improving nutritional management and outcomes for individuals with RTT.
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3. Dobrachinski F, Ribeiro KA, Bezerra IC, da Silva AJ, Pereira CMM, Vellasques K, Padilha HA, Haas SE, Ávila DS, Gubert P. Nutraceutical approaches for Autism Spectrum Disorder treatment. Behav Brain Res. 2025; 492: 115653.
The Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that has been increasing in prevalence and is characterized by some degree of difficulty with social interaction, communication, and sensory response. According to the World Health Organization, ASD affects 1 in 100 children, and many factors may cause brain alterations, such as genetic and environmental factors. Currently, there is no standard treatment for ASD. Notably, one of the hallmarks of this condition is neuroinflammation since it has been suggested that autism results from central nervous system derangements due to chronic inflammatory reactions, with activation of microglial cells. Therefore, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds may be nutraceutical supplements of interest to attenuate the impacts of neuroinflammation in ASD subjects. This review highlights the main molecules that have been successful in preclinical and clinical trials, as well as potential associations that might be further strategies to investigate.
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4. Li J, Zhang Z, Yan T. Safety Profiles of Trofinetide in Pediatric Rett Syndrome Population: A Real-World Postmarketing Pharmacovigilance Analysis. Clin Ther. 2025.
PURPOSE: Trofinetide, a synthetic analog of glycine-proline-glutamate, is the only approved therapy for Rett syndrome. This study evaluated the safety profile of trofinetide in pediatric patients with Rett syndrome using real-world pharmacovigilance data. METHODS: Adverse event (AE) reports were extracted from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) from Q1 2023 to Q4 2024. Disproportionality analyses were conducted using ROR, PRR, BCPNN, and MGPS to detect AE signals associated with trofinetide use in individuals under 18 years. A Weibull distribution model was applied to assess time-to-onset patterns. Subgroup analyses by age and dose, as well as sensitivity analyses excluding common co-medications, were conducted to evaluate signal consistency. FINDINGS: Most patients were female (95.4%), and all reports originated from the United States. Common labeled AEs were confirmed, including diarrhoea (n = 1,528; ROR = 38.1), vomiting (n = 434; ROR = 5.96), and seizures (n = 251; ROR = 5.30). Off-label signals included weight decreased (n = 135; ROR = 7.21), tremor (n = 39; ROR = 3.37), dystonia (n = 18; ROR = 4.39), and dyskinesia (n = 24; ROR = 4.53). Over 70% of AEs occurred within the first month. Hypersomnia was more frequently reported in younger children (ROR = 12.11), and higher doses were associated with psychiatric symptoms. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of key signals. IMPLICATIONS: This study provides critical real-world safety data on trofinetide use in pediatric Rett syndrome, identifying both expected and emerging AEs. Findings highlight the importance of monitoring dose-related and age-specific adverse events in clinical settings.
