Pubmed du 25/10/21
1. Rensfeldt Flink A, Boström P, Gillberg C, Lichtenstein P, Lundström S, Åsberg Johnels J. Exploring co-occurrence of sensory, motor and neurodevelopmental problems and epilepsy in children with severe-profound intellectual disability. Research in developmental disabilities. 2021; 119: 104114.
BACKGROUND: Severe to profound intellectual disability (SPID) is associated with multiple neurodevelopmental disorders and problems. In the most severe cases, the term profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD) is used. This study aimed to explore the co-occurring disorders and neurodevelopmental problems in a sample of twins where the proband had SPID. METHOD: Within a population-based sample of (30 312) twins, 20 individuals with a national patient register SPID diagnosis were identified. Parent telephone interview data (screening of neurodevelopmental disorders) and register data (APGAR, birth weight, intellectual disabilities, epilepsy, motor and sensory disorders) were gathered for probands and co-twins. RESULTS: The 20 individuals with SPID all had between one and five additional disorders or problems, with autistic traits, motor problems and epilepsy being the most common. Clear discordance was found for ID and all additional disorders and problems between probands with SPID and their non-SPID co-twins. CONCLUSION: Children with SPID almost never present without neurodevelopmental and/or sensory and/or motor comorbidities. This heterogeneity should be reflected in clinical routine and in research targeting individuals with SPID. The results support a previously suggested conceptualization of a S/PIMD « spectrum ». Autism may be considered for inclusion in future elaborations of such a S/PIMD spectrum.
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2. Yarger HA, Nordahl CW, Redcay E. Examining Associations Between Amygdala Volumes and Anxiety Symptoms in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Biological psychiatry Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging. 2021.
BACKGROUND: Anxiety is one of the most common co-occurring conditions in people with autism spectrum disorder. The amygdala has been identified as being associated with anxiety in populations with and without autism, yet associations in autism were based on relatively small or developmentally constrained samples, leaving questions as to whether these results hold at different developmental ages and in a larger, more robust sample. METHODS: Structural neuroimaging and parent report of anxiety symptoms of children ages 5-13 years with (n = 123) and without (n = 171) a diagnosis of autism were collected from the University of Maryland and three sites from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange. Standardized residuals for bilateral amygdala volumes were computed adjusting for site, hemispheric volumes, and covariates (age, sex, Full Scale IQ). RESULTS: Clinically significant anxiety symptoms did not differentiate amygdala volumes between groups (i.e., autism and anxiety, autism without anxiety, without autism or anxiety). No significant association between left or right amygdala volumes and anxiety scores was observed among the sample of individuals with autism. Meta-analytic and Bayes factor estimations provided additional support for the null hypothesis. Age, sex, and autism severity did not moderate associations between anxiety and amygdala volumes. CONCLUSIONS: No relation between amygdala volumes and anxiety symptoms in children with autism was observed in the largest sample to investigate this question. We discuss directions for future research to determine whether additional factors including age or method of assessment may contribute to this lack of association.
