1. Dawson G. {{Dramatic Increase in Autism Prevalence Parallels Explosion of Research Into Its Biology and Causes}}. {Arch Gen Psychiatry};2012 (Nov 26):1-2.
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2. Kalb LG, Stuart EA, Freedman B, Zablotsky B, Vasa R. {{Psychiatric-Related Emergency Department Visits Among Children With an Autism Spectrum Disorder}}. {Pediatr Emerg Care};2012 (Nov 26)
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the prevalence and characteristics of psychiatry-related emergency department (ED) visits among children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD), including the specific reason for visit, as well as the influence of insurance type. METHODS: Data used for this cross-sectional, observational study were obtained from the 2008 National Emergency Department Sample, the largest all-payer ED database in the United States. Psychiatry-related visits to the ED among children with ASD were identified using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, billing codes. A total of 3,974,332 visits (unweighted) were present for youth 3-17 years, of which 13,191 involved a child with ASD. RESULTS: Thirteen percent of visits among children with ASD were due to a psychiatric problem, as compared with 2% of all visits by youths without ASD. Results from the multivariate analyses revealed that the likelihood for a psychiatric ED visit was increased 9-fold (odds ratio [OR], 9.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 8.61-9.70) among pediatric ASD visits, compared with non-ASD visits. Children with ASD who were covered by private insurance, compared with those with medical assistance, were at even greater risk for a psychiatric ED visit (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.53-1.63). Visits among children with ASD were more likely to be due to externalizing (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.44-1.83) and psychotic (OR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.58-2.35) disorders compared with visits among non-ASD children. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the need for improving community-based psychiatric systems of care for youths with ASD to divert psychiatry-related ED visits, particularly for those children with private insurance.
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3. Nicholl J, Waters W, Suwalski S, Brown S, Hull Y, Harbord MG, Entwistle J, Thompson S, Clark D, Pridmore C, Haan E, Barnett C, McGregor L, Liebelt J, Thompson EM, Friend K, Bain SM, Yu S, Mulley JC. {{Epilepsy with cognitive deficit and autism spectrum disorders: Prospective diagnosis by array CGH}}. {Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet};2012 (Nov 26)
The clinical significance of chromosomal microdeletions and microduplications was predicted based on their gene content, de novo or familial inheritance and accumulated knowledge recorded on public databases. A patient group comprised of 247 cases with epilepsy and its common co-morbidities of developmental delay, intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorders, and congenital abnormalities was reviewed prospectively in a diagnostic setting using a standardized oligo-array CGH platform. Seventy-three (29.6%) had copy number variations (CNVs) and of these 73 cases, 27 (37.0%) had CNVs that were likely causative. These 27 cases comprised 10.9% of the 247 cases reviewed. The range of pathogenic CNVs associated with seizures was consistent with the existence of many genetic determinants for epilepsy. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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4. Yerys BE, Ruiz E, Strang J, Sokoloff J, Kenworthy L, Vaidya CJ. {{Modulation of attentional blink with emotional faces in typical development and in autism spectrum disorders}}. {J Child Psychol Psychiatry};2012 (Nov 26)
Background: The attentional blink (AB) phenomenon was used to assess the effect of emotional information on early visual attention in typically developing (TD) children and children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The AB effect is the momentary perceptual unawareness that follows target identification in a rapid serial visual processing stream. It is abolished or reduced for emotional stimuli, indicating that emotional information has privileged access to early visual attention processes. Methods: We examined the AB effect for faces with neutral and angry facial expressions in 8- to 14-year-old children with and without an ASD diagnosis. Results: Children with ASD exhibited the same magnitude AB effect as TD children for both neutral and angry faces. Conclusions: Early visual attention to emotional facial expressions was preserved in children with ASD.
