1. Asada K, Tojo Y, Osanai H, Saito A, Hasegawa T, Kumagaya S. {{Reduced Personal Space in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder}}. {PLoS One};2016;11(1):e0146306.
Maintaining an appropriate distance from others is important for establishing effective communication and good interpersonal relations. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder associated with social difficulties, and it is thus worth examining whether individuals with ASD maintain typical or atypical degrees of social distance. Any atypicality of social distancing may impact daily social interactions. We measured the preferred distances when individuals with ASD and typically developing (TD) individuals approached other people (a male experimenter) and objects (a coat rack with clothes) or when other people approached them. Individuals with ASD showed reduced interpersonal distances compared to TD individuals. The same tendency was found when participants judged their preferred distance from objects. In addition, when being approached by other people, both individuals with ASD and TD individuals maintained larger interpersonal distances when there was eye contact, compared to no eye contact. These results suggest that individuals with ASD have a relatively small personal space, and that this atypicality exists not only for persons but also for objects.
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2. Bennett M. {{« What is Life Like in the Twilight Years? » A Letter About the Scant Amount of Literature on the Elderly with Autism Spectrum Disorders}}. {J Autism Dev Disord};2016 (Jan 25)
The purpose of this letter is to show the lack of published literature on elderly adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders.
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3. Benson PR. {{The Longitudinal Effects of Network Characteristics on the Mental Health of Mothers of Children with ASD: The Mediating Role of Parent Cognitions}}. {J Autism Dev Disord};2016 (Jan 25)
Employing a cohort sequential design, the effects of network characteristics on maternal cognitions (perceived social support and parenting self-efficacy) and mental health (depression and well-being) were assessed over 7 years when children with ASD of mothers in the study were age 7-14. Findings indicated that network size, network emotional support, and network instrumental support were positively related to perceived support, while network availability and emotional support were positively linked to self-efficacy. In addition, network support exerted direct and indirect effects on maternal depression and well-being, with cognitive resources mediating the social network-mental health relationship. Finally, consistent with the support-efficacy model, parenting efficacy partially mediated the effects of perceived support on maternal mental health outcomes. Study findings and implications are discussed.
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4. Caffarelli C, Hayek J, Nuti R, Gonnelli S. {{Teriparatide in the treatment of recurrent fractures in a Rett patient}}. {Clin Cases Miner Bone Metab};2015 (Sep-Dec);12(3):253-256.
Rett syndrome is a common X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutations in the MECP2 gene. Patients with Rett syndrome have a low bone mineral density and increased risk of fracture. The present case report describes a successful novel therapeutic intervention with teriparatide with one patient with Rett syndrome, after suffering from recurrent low-trauma fractures at intervals of several years. Because of the severity of bone involvement, the decision was made to treat with teriparatide and subsequently with intravenous bisphosphonate. Since the initiation of the treatment, there was an evident improvement at densitometric and QUS parameters. Furthermore, until the present, no new fractures have appeared. This is the first report in which teriparatide was administered to a subjects with Rett syndrome. In conclusion, this report has shown the effectiveness of teriparatide in the management of osteoporotic fractures in one subjects with Rett syndrome. This report provides evidence that increased knowledge of bone pathology and fracture prevention in Rett subjects is important and should be addressed in future studies.
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5. Choteau L, Raynal P, Goutaudier N, Chabrol H. {{Psychopathological traits in college students from top-ranking french schools: Do autistic features impair success in science when associated with schizotypal traits?}}. {Psychiatry Res};2016 (Jan 16)
The link between personality and the interest of individuals for science has not been thoroughly explored. In this report, we studied psychopathological traits in students studying science in French top-ranking institutions. Three hundred and forty seven individuals answered questionnaires assessing autistic and schizotypal dimensions, as well as anxiety, depression symptomatology and attachment quality. A cluster analysis based on autistic and schizotypal traits led to the identification of 4 distinct profiles: a « low trait cluster », a « moderate autistic trait cluster », a « moderate schizotypal trait cluster » and a « high trait cluster » (HTC) composed of individuals with high scores on both autistic and schizotypal scales. Each cluster represented 20.1-27.1% of participants and was clearly different from the three others, both on autistic and on schizotypal dimensions. These groups could be also typified by their level of anxiety, depression or degraded attachment, which are proportional to the extent of psychopathological traits. Moreover, students from the HTC cluster displayed lower academic results, thus implying that autistic traits might impair success in science when they are associated with moderate schizotypal personality features. This study also suggests that depression and anxiety might mediate performance inhibition in the HTC group.
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6. Chrobak AA, Soltys Z. {{Bergmann Glia, Long-Term Depression, and Autism Spectrum Disorder}}. {Mol Neurobiol};2016 (Jan 26)
Bergmann glia (BG), a specific type of radial astrocytes in the cerebellum, play a variety of vital functions in the development of this structure. However, the possible role of BG in the development of abnormalities observed in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) seems to be underestimated. One of the most consistent findings observed in ASD patients is loss of Purkinje cells (PCs). Such a defect may be caused by dysregulation of glutamate homeostasis, which is maintained mainly by BG. Moreover, these glial cells are involved in long-term depression (LTD), a form of plasticity which can additionally subserve neuroprotective functions. The aim of presented review is to summarize the current knowledge about interactions which occur between PC and BG, with special emphasis on those which are relevant to the survival and proper functioning of cerebellar neurons.
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7. Haas K, Costley D, Falkmer M, Richdale A, Sofronoff K, Falkmer T. {{Factors Influencing the Research Participation of Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders}}. {J Autism Dev Disord};2016 (Jan 25)
Recruiting adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) into research poses particular difficulties; longitudinal studies face additional challenges. This paper reports on a mixed methods study to identify factors influencing the participation in longitudinal autism research of adults with ASD, including those with an intellectual disability, and their carers. Common and differentiating factors influencing the research participation of participants are identified and discussed. Factors influencing participation were found to differ both between and within participant categories. We propose a dichotomy whereby factors influencing research participation can be classified as those arising from a participant’s values, which act as either a motivator or a deterrent; and those based on convenience, which act as either an enabler or inhibitor. These findings are applicable to research studies that seek to recruit adults with ASD as participants.
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8. Sabatos-DeVito M, Schipul SE, Bulluck JC, Belger A, Baranek GT. {{Eye Tracking Reveals Impaired Attentional Disengagement Associated with Sensory Response Patterns in Children with Autism}}. {J Autism Dev Disord};2016 (Jan 27)
This study used a gap-overlap paradigm to examine the impact of distractor salience and temporal overlap on the ability to disengage and orient attention in 50 children (4-13 years) with ASD, DD and TD, and associations between attention and sensory response patterns. Results revealed impaired disengagement and orienting accuracy in ASD. Disengagement was impaired across all groups during temporal overlap for dynamic stimuli compared to static, but only ASD showed slower disengagement from multimodal relative to unimodal dynamic stimuli. Attentional disengagement had differential associations with distinct sensory response patterns in ASD and DD. Atypical sensory processing and temporal binding appear to be intertwined with development of disengagement in ASD, but longitudinal studies are needed to unravel causal pathways.
