Pubmed du 27/09/21
1. Cook J, Hull L, Crane L, Mandy W. Camouflaging in autism: A systematic review. Clinical psychology review. 2021; 89: 102080.
Some autistic people employ strategies and behaviours to cope with the everyday social world, thereby ‘camouflaging’ their autistic differences and difficulties. This review aimed to systematically appraise and synthesise the current evidence base pertaining to autistic camouflaging. Following a systematic search of eight databases, 29 studies quantifying camouflaging in children and adults with autism diagnoses or high levels of autistic traits were reviewed. The multiple methods used to measure camouflaging broadly fell under two different approaches: internal-external discrepancy or self-report. These approaches appear to relate to two distinct but potentially connected elements of camouflaging: observable behavioural presentations and self-perceived camouflaging efforts. While significant variation was noted across individual study findings, much of the existing literature supported three preliminary findings about the nature of autistic camouflaging: (1) adults with more self-reported autistic traits report greater engagement in camouflaging; (2) sex and gender differences exist in camouflaging; and (3) higher self-reported camouflaging is associated with worse mental health outcomes. However, the research base was limited regarding participant characterisation and representativeness, which suggests that conclusions cannot be applied to the autistic community as a whole. We propose priorities for future research in refining the current understanding of camouflaging and improving measurement methods.
Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)
2. Matsuzaki J, Kagitani-Shimono K, Aoki S, Hanaie R, Kato Y, Nakanishi M, Tatsumi A, Tominaga K, Yamamoto T, Nagai Y, Mohri I, Taniike M. Abnormal cortical responses elicited by audiovisual movies in patients with autism spectrum disorder with atypical sensory behavior: A magnetoencephalographic study. Brain & development. 2022; 44(2): 81-94.
BACKGROUND: Atypical sensory behavior disrupts behavioral adaptation in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD); however, neural correlates of sensory dysfunction using magnetoencephalography (MEG) remain unclear. METHOD: We used MEG to measure the cortical activation elicited by visual (uni)/audiovisual (multisensory) movies in 46 children (7-14 years) were included in final analysis: 13 boys with atypical audiovisual behavior in ASD (AAV+), 10 without this condition, and 23 age-matched typically developing boys. RESULTS: The AAV+ group demonstrated an increase in the cortical activation in the bilateral insula in response to unisensory movies and in the left occipital, right superior temporal sulcus (rSTS), and temporal regions to multisensory movies. These increased responses were correlated with severity of the sensory impairment. Increased theta-low gamma oscillations were observed in the rSTS in AAV+. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that AAV is attributed to atypical neural networks centered on the rSTS.
Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)
3. Vandewouw MM, Safar K, Mossad SI, Lu J, Lerch JP, Anagnostou E, Taylor MJ. Do shapes have feelings? Social attribution in children with autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Translational psychiatry. 2021; 11(1): 493.
Theory of mind (ToM) deficits are common in children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which contribute to their social and cognitive difficulties. The social attribution task (SAT) involves geometrical shapes moving in patterns that depict social interactions and is known to recruit brain regions from the classic ToM network. To better understand ToM in ASD and ADHD children, we examined the neural correlates using the SAT and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in a cohort of 200 children: ASD (N = 76), ADHD (N = 74) and typically developing (TD; N = 50) (4-19 years). In the scanner, participants were presented with SAT videos corresponding to social help, social threat, and random conditions. Contrasting social vs. random, the ASD compared with TD children showed atypical activation in ToM brain areas-the middle temporal and anterior cingulate gyri. In the social help vs. social threat condition, atypical activation of the bilateral middle cingulate and right supramarginal and superior temporal gyri was shared across the NDD children, with between-diagnosis differences only being observed in the right fusiform. Data-driven subgrouping identified two distinct subgroups spanning all groups that differed in both their clinical characteristics and brain-behaviour relations with ToM ability.
Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)
4. Véliz Méndez S, Rotman M, Hormazábal F, Sepúlveda L, Valle M, Álvarez E. Barriers and facilitators in the orthodontic treatment of teenagers with neurodevelopmental disabilities. American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics. 2022; 161(1): 115-24.
INTRODUCTION: Patients with neurodevelopmental disabilities often experience barriers to dental care. Despite greater access to orthodontic treatment, information about the perceptions of patients with neurodevelopmental disabilities regarding orthodontic care remains scarce. The objective of this research was to investigate perceptions of patients, caretakers, and orthodontic residents regarding the barriers to and facilitators of orthodontic care for patients with neurodevelopmental disabilities. METHODS: A qualitative study was conducted through semistructured interviews of 26 subjects: 10 patients with neurodevelopmental disabilities (4 with cognitive disabilities, 4 with autism spectrum disorder, and 2 with communication disorder), 8 caretakers, and 8 orthodontic residents. The responses were analyzed qualitatively by content analysis. RESULTS: Four dimensions of analysis were identified: previous experience, barriers to care, facilitators of care, and perception of care. There are different orthodontic care barriers and facilitators perceived by patients, caretakers, and residents treating patients with neurodevelopmental disabilities. Factors such as the reason for consultation, previous experience or exposure to orthodontic care or attention, and personal motivation of those involved were used to model the care of these patients. CONCLUSIONS: There are barriers and facilitators in orthodontic care for patients with neurodevelopmental disabilities, caretakers, and orthodontic residents. Educational programs in orthodontics must work to improve access and care for patients and educational training programs for students and clinical faculty.
