1. Atbasoglu EC. {{Autism Spectrum Disorder as an Initial Diagnosis in Adults}}. {Noro Psikiyatr Ars};2020 (Mar);57(1):1-2.
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2. Ferreira MG, Teive HAG. {{Hand Stereotypies in Rett Syndrome}}. {Pediatr Neurol Briefs};2020 (Feb 12);34:2.
Researchers from the Rett Syndrome Natural History Study (RNHS) present longitudinal data across the United States of America aimed to characterize hand stereotypies (HS) in this large cohort of patients with Rett syndrome.
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3. Howells K, Sivaratnam C, Lindor E, Hyde C, McGillivray J, Whitehouse A, Rinehart N. {{Can Participation in a Community Organized Football Program Improve Social, Behavioural Functioning and Communication in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder? A Pilot Study}}. {J Autism Dev Disord};2020 (Feb 27)
This pilot research investigated the effects of a community-based organized football program on behavioral, social and communicative outcomes in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. In a non-randomized design, 19 children completed the football program and were compared pre- and post-intervention with 21 children who received no comparable intervention (ages 5-12 years). Caregiver-report using the child behavior checklist indicated a significant decrease in total, internalizing, DSM-oriented anxiety and social problems for children who participated in the program, with no change in the comparison group. There were no group differences in socialization and communication scores on the Vineland Adaptive Behavior scale. Results provide preliminary evidence in support of the program, justifying the need for further, more rigorous trials in this area.
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4. Huang CY, Chen SS, Chen CT, Lee PS, Yu TY, Chen KL. {{Psychometric properties and efficiency of the computerized adaptive testing system for measuring self-care performance (CAT-SC) in Taiwanese children with developmental disabilities}}. {Arch Phys Med Rehabil};2020 (Feb 25)
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the psychometric properties and efficiency of the computerized adaptive testing system for measuring self-care performance (CAT-SC). The psychometric properties included intra-rater and inter-rater reliabilities, concurrent validity, minimal detectable change, minimal important difference, and responsiveness. DESIGN: Criterion standard study SETTING: A teaching hospital PARTICIPANTS: A convenience sample of 60 caregivers of children with developmental disabilities (DD) was recruited at the initial assessment, and 95% of the children (n = 57) were followed-up at 3 months and 6 months. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): The CAT-SC and the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory Chinese version were used at the initial assessment. We assessed the CAT-SC and asked caregivers to rate children’s changes in self-care performance with a separate question rated on a 15-point Likert-type scale at the 3- and 6-month follow-ups. RESULTS: The CAT-SC had excellent intra-rater and inter-rater reliabilities (ICC = 0.99 and 0.92, respectively), high concurrent validity with the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (r = 0.91-0.92), and trivial to small responsiveness at 3- and 6-month follow-ups (effect size = 0.02 and 0.12, standardized response mean = 0.07 and 0.33). The minimal detectable change and the minimal important difference were 0.21 and 0.17 logits, respectively. The administration time of the CAT-SC was about 5 minutes. CONCLUSION(S): The results of our study validated the sound psychometric properties and good efficiency of the CAT-SC. Moreover, the values of the minimal detectable change and minimal smallest change can be used as a reference for clinicians and caregivers to interpret children’s progress.
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5. Huang Y, Arnold SR, Foley KR, Trollor JN. {{Diagnosis of autism in adulthood: A scoping review}}. {Autism};2020 (Feb 28):1362361320903128.
LAY ABSTRACT: More adults are getting assessed for possible autism. Here, we give an overview on what is already known about autism diagnosis in adulthood and find areas that need more research. We divided results from the studies we found into six topics of (1) rates of autism in different groups; (2) the process of getting an autism diagnosis in adulthood; (3) gender; (4) personality traits, abilities and behaviours of diagnosed adults; (5) mental and physical health conditions that occur together with autism; and (6) how adults think and feel about being assessed and diagnosed. We found that adults often have strong emotions after being diagnosed, the process of getting a diagnosis can be unclear and different for everyone, and not many support services are available for adults. More research on diagnosing adults with intellectual disability, differences between early and late-diagnosed adults, and support after diagnosis would be useful.
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6. Malaguarnera M, Khan H, Cauli O. {{Resveratrol in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Behavioral and Molecular Effects}}. {Antioxidants (Basel)};2020 (Feb 25);9(3)
Resveratrol (RSV) is a polyphenolic stillbenoid with significant anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties recently tested in animal models of several neurological diseases. Altered immune alteration and oxidative stress have also been found in patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and these alterations could add to the pathophysiology associated with ASD. We reviewed the current evidence about the effects of RSV administration in animal models and in patients with ASD. RSV administration improves the core-symptoms (social impairment and stereotyped activity) in animal models and it also displays beneficial effects in other behavioral abnormalities such as hyperactivity, anxiety and cognitive function. The molecular mechanisms by which RSV restores or improves behavioral abnormalities in animal models encompass both normalization of central and peripheral immune alteration and oxidative stress markers and new molecular mechanisms such as expression of cortical gamma-amino butyric acid neurons, certain type of miRNAs that regulate spine growth. One randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial (RCT) suggested that RSV add-on risperidone therapy improves comorbid hyperactivity/non-compliance, whereas no effects where seen in core symptoms of ASD No RCTs about the effect of RSV as monotherapy have been performed and the results from preclinical studies encourage its feasibility. Further clinical trials should also identify those ASD patients with immune alterations and/or with increased oxidative stress markers that would likely benefit from RSV administration.
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7. Mazefsky CA, Collier A, Golt J, Siegle GJ. {{Neural features of sustained emotional information processing in autism spectrum disorder}}. {Autism};2020 (Feb 28):1362361320903137.
LAY ABSTRACT: Many individuals with autism spectrum disorder struggle with emotions that are intense and interfering, which is referred to as emotion dysregulation. Prior research has established that individuals with autism may be more likely than individuals who are not autistic to have repetitive thoughts. It is possible that persistent thoughts about negative or distressing stimuli may contribute to emotion dysregulation in autism spectrum disorder. This study aimed to identify areas of the brain with evidence of persistent processing of negative information via functional magnetic resonance neuroimaging. We used a task that alternated between emotional processing of personally relevant negative words, neutral words, and a non-emotional task. Criteria were developed to define heightened and persistent emotional processing, and analyses were conducted to identify all brain regions satisfying these criteria. Participants included 25 adolescents with autism spectrum disorder and 23 typically developing adolescents who were similar to the autism spectrum disorder group in IQ, age, and gender ratios. Brain regions identified as having greater and continued processing following negative stimuli in the autism spectrum disorder group as compared with the typically developing group included the salience network and the prefrontal dorsolateral cortex. These areas have been previously implicated in emotion dysregulation outside of autism spectrum disorder. Collectively, brain activity in the identified regions was associated with parent-reported emotion dysregulation in the autism spectrum disorder group. These results help to identify a potential process in the brain associated with emotion dysregulation in autism spectrum disorder. This information may be useful for the development of treatments to decrease emotion dysregulation in autism spectrum disorder.
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8. Oz B, Yuksel T, Nasiroglu S. {{Depression-Anxiety Symptoms and Stigma Perception in Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder}}. {Noro Psikiyatr Ars};2020 (Mar);57(1):50-55.
Introduction: In our study, the effect of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) on the internalized stigma perception, symptoms of depression and anxiety and the quality of life is investigated in the mothers of children with this disorder. Methods: Our research includes 69 patients who applied to Dicle University Medical School Hospital Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department polyclinic between April 20-December 25, 2017 and were followed-up at least 6 months with ASD diagnosis. Socio-demographic data form assessing the personal and familial characteristics of the patients were filled out by the clinician. Patients’ mothers were applied Beck Depression Scale (BDS), Beck Anxiety Scale (BAS), Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI) Scale and Autism Quality of Life Questionnaire – Parent Version (AQoLQPV). Results: Of the 69 patients participated in the study, 58 patients were boys (84%) and 11 patients were girls (16%) and the mean age was 4,5+/-1,3 years. Perception of internalized stigma, depression and anxiety symptoms of the patients’ mothers were detected as moderate. Patients’ mothers’ quality of life and life satisfaction score were found to be low. A significant positive relationship was found between the internalized stigma perception and the symptoms of anxiety and depression. A significant positive correlation was detected between the anxiety symptoms and the depression symptoms. A significant negative relationship was found between internalized stigma perception, symptoms of anxiety and depression and mother quality of life sub-scale, sub-scale of how the autism-specific challenges are perceived as problems by the parents and life satisfaction score. Conclusion: With this study it was detected that as the education level of the mothers of the children followed-up with autism diagnosis increased, their internalized stigma perception decreased. It was demonstrated that there was a significant positive relationship between the internalized stigma perception and the symptoms of anxiety and depression in mothers. It was also detected that as the mothers’ internalized stigma perception increased, their quality of life decreased. Investigating the internalized stigma perception, symptoms of anxiety-depression and quality of life of the mothers of the children diagnosed with autism, our study emphasizes the necessity for handling these problems.
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9. Triplett P, Gerstenblith A, Reti IM, Wachtel L. {{Treatment of Catatonic Symptoms in a Patient With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Addison Disease: A Case Report}}. {J ect};2020 (Feb 27)
