1. Castora FJ. {{Mitochondrial function and abnormalities implicated in the pathogenesis of ASD}}. {Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry};2018 (Dec 29)
Mitochondria are the powerhouse that generate over 90% of the ATP produced in cells. In addition to its role in energy production, the mitochondrion also plays a major role in carbohydrate, fatty acid, amino acid and nucleotide metabolism, programmed cell death (apoptosis), generation of and protection against reactive oxygen species (ROS), immune response, regulation of intracellular calcium ion levels and even maintenance of gut microbiota. With its essential role in bio-energetic as well as non-energetic biological processes, it is not surprising that proper cellular, tissue and organ function is dependent upon proper mitochondrial function. Accordingly, mitochondrial dysfunction has been shown to be directly linked to a variety of medical disorders, particularly neuromuscular disorders and increasing evidence has linked mitochondrial dysfunction to neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders such as Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), Parkinson’s Disease (PD), Rett Syndrome (RS) and Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Over the last 40years there has been a dramatic increase in the diagnosis of ASD and, more recently, an increasing body of evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in ASD development. In this review, the latest evidence linking mitochondrial dysfunction and abnormalities in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to the pathogenesis of autism will be presented. This review will also summarize the results of several recent `approaches used for improving mitochondrial function that may lead to new therapeutic approaches to managing and/or treating ASD.
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2. Holt S, Parry JA. {{Parent-reported experience of using a real-time text messaging service for dental appointments for children and young people with autism spectrum conditions: A pilot study}}. {Spec Care Dentist};2018 (Dec 28)
INTRODUCTION: Children and young people (CYP) with autism spectrum conditions (ASCs) and their parents/carers find dental appointments stressful. Consultation with parents of CYP with ASC identified time spent in dental waiting areas as contributing to dental anxiety. Parents proposed waiting outside the dental practice until the clinician was ready could help mitigate anxiety. AIMS: To evaluate a real-time text messaging service (RTMS) to improve dental attendance experience for CYP with ASC. METHODS: An RTMS was developed for use in the dental clinic. Parents/carers of 17 CYP with ASC (4 to 20 years) attending a Special Care Dental service were invited to share their dental experience and the impact of using the RTMS. RESULTS: Parent experience suggests that time in waiting areas can increase anxiety in CYP with ASC. All parents viewed the RTMS as having a positive impact on CYP dental attendance experience. The majority believed that it reduced anxiety and enabled CYP to be more accepting of dental treatment. DISCUSSION: Many CYP with ASC have dental anxiety exacerbated by the use of waiting areas. Findings demonstrate the importance of considering and developing a range of approaches that respond to the needs of CYP with ASC and their families to improve dental attendance experience.
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3. Matsuzaki J, Ku M, Berman JI, Blaskey L, Bloy L, Chen YH, Dell J, Edgar JC, Kuschner ES, Liu S, Saby J, Brodkin ES, Roberts TP. {{Abnormal Auditory Mismatch Fields in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder}}. {Neurosci Lett};2018 (Dec 29)
The auditory mismatch field (MMF) is a pre-attentive processing component, reflecting neural discrimination and inhibitory processing. Abnormal MMFs have been reported in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) along with an association with abnormal language comprehension; however, relatively little is known about MMF abnormalities to contrasting vowel stimuli in adults with ASD. To better understand the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying auditory language discrimination of vowel stimuli in individuals with ASD, magnetoencephalography was used to measure MMFs during an auditory oddball paradigm with vowel stimuli (/a/ and /u/) in adults with ASD. MMFs arising from left and right superior temporal gyrus are reported from nine high-functioning right handed males with ASD (22.22 +/- 5.74yrs) and sixteen typically developing (TD) right handed males (27.25 +/- 6.63yrs). The MMF was delayed in adults with ASD (188.90 +/- 5.8 ms) as compared to the TD participants (173.08 +/- 4.31, p < 0.05). Replicating previous findings in children, the earlier M100 component to single stimulus tokens was also delayed in adults with ASD (108.59 +/- 4.1 ms) compared to the TD participants (94.60 +/- 3.0, p < 0.05). However, there was no correlation between delayed M100 latency and MMF latency. Furthermore, whereas TD participants showed a leftward lateralization of MMF amplitude, participants with ASD showed an opposite (rightward) lateralization. Findings suggest that adults with ASD have hemispherically- and temporally- abnormal auditory discrimination processing in addition to and distinct from abnormal neurophysiological mechanisms in earlier cortical responses. Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)
4. Sun F, Dai M, Lin L, Sun X, Murray AL, Auyeung B, Jing J. {{Psychometric properties of the chinese version of autism spectrum quotient-children’s version: A sex-specific analysis}}. {Autism Res};2018 (Dec 28)
A Simplified Chinese translation of the Autism Spectrum Quotient-Children’s Version (AQ-C) is needed for research in mainland China. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a condition that differs in presentation and prevalence by sex. Thus, evaluating the psychometric validity of the AQ-C in males and females is an important step in its validation. The present study aims to develop a Chinese translation of the parent-report AQ-C, and test its psychometric properties among Mandarin Chinese speaking boys and girls. A total of 1,020 non-clinical children and 134 children with ASD were assessed. Factor analyses were performed for the whole sample, as well as for girls and boys separately. A 30-item, 5-factor model (the Chinese AQ-C) showed adequate goodness of fit (root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.037; comparative fit index [CFI] = 0.907; Tucker-Lewis index [TLI] = 0.901) for the whole sample. According to parents’ reports, non-clinical boys had significantly higher scores than non-clinical girls on the Chinese AQ-C. Sex-specific factor structures were identified resulting in a 4-factor model with 32 items for girls (the Chinese AQ-Girls), and a 4-factor model with 34 items for boys (the Chinese AQ-Boys). The cut-off scores of the Chinese AQ-C, AQ-Girls, and AQ-Boys were 44.5, 42.5, and 46.5, respectively. These three Chinese versions of the AQ-C all showed satisfactory internal consistency (alpha = 0.786-0.840) and concurrent validity with the Social Responsiveness Scale (r = 0.789-0.814) for the total scale. Differences have been found in the sex-specific factor structures of the AQ-C which would be more reliable to use for future research when measuring autistic traits in the general population. Autism Research 2018. (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: This study developed Chinese versions of the Autism Spectrum Quotient-Children’s Version (AQ-C) in Chinese boys and girls together and separately. The AQ-C showed good psychometric properties in boys and girls together and separately. There were differences in sex-specific factor structures of the AQ-C. These results suggest that the sex-specific Chinese versions of the AQ-C provide reliable and valid measurement of autistic traits.
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5. White MJ. {{Treatment-resistant depression: consider autism}}. {Br J Gen Pract};2019 (Jan);69(678):14.
