1. {{Correction: Stronger Neural Modulation by Visual Motion Intensity in Autism Spectrum Disorders}}. {PLoS One};2015;10(7):e0134769.
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132531.].
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2. {{Correction: Divorce in families of children with Down Syndrome or Rett Syndrome}}. {Cien Saude Colet};2015 (Aug);20(8):2603.
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232015205.13932014].
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3. Almberg M, Selander H, Falkmer M, Vaz S, Ciccarelli M, Falkmer T. {{Experiences of facilitators or barriers in driving education from learner and novice drivers with ADHD or ASD and their driving instructors}}. {Dev Neurorehabil};2015 (Jul 29):1-9.
BACKGROUND: Little is known about whether individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) experience any specific facilitators or barriers to driving education. OBJECTIVE: To explore the facilitators or barriers to driving education experienced by individuals with ASD or ADHD who obtained a learner’s permit, from the perspective of the learner drivers and their driving instructors. METHODS: Data were collected from 33 participants with ASD or ADHD, and nine of their driving instructors. RESULTS: Participants with ASD required twice as many driving lessons and more on-road tests than those with ADHD. Participants with ADHD repeated the written tests more than those with ASD. Driving license theory was more challenging for individuals with ADHD, whilst individuals with ASD found translating theory into practice and adjusting to « unfamiliar » driving situations to be the greatest challenges. CONCLUSION: Obtaining a driving license was associated with stressful training experience.
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4. Dababnah S, Bulson K. {{« On the Sidelines »: Access to Autism-Related Services in the West Bank}}. {J Autism Dev Disord};2015 (Jul 29)
We examined access to autism-related services among Palestinians (N = 24) raising children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the West Bank. Using qualitative methods, we identified five primary interview themes. Poor screening, diagnostic, and psychoeducational practices were prevalent, as parents reported service providers minimized parental concerns and communicated ineffectively with the caregivers regarding treatment options. Geographic barriers and financial burdens prevented many families from seeking or maintaining services. Limited service availability was a dominant barrier: parents reported limited or denied access to education, community-based services, and ASD-specific interventions. Consequently, several families noted their children did not receive any services whatsoever. Research, practices and policies to address the shortage of services for children with ASD are urgently needed in the West Bank.
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5. D’Hulst C, Heulens I, Van der Aa N, Goffin K, Koole M, Porke K, Van De Velde M, Rooms L, Van Paesschen W, Van Esch H, Van Laere K, Kooy RF. {{Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Quantification of GABAA Receptors in the Brain of Fragile X Patients}}. {PLoS One};2015;10(7):e0131486.
Over the last several years, evidence has accumulated that the GABAA receptor is compromised in animal models for fragile X syndrome (FXS), a common hereditary form of intellectual disability. In mouse and fly models, agonists of the GABAA receptor were able to rescue specific consequences of the fragile X mutation. Here, we imaged and quantified GABAA receptors in vivo in brain of fragile X patients using Positron Emission Topography (PET) and [11C]flumazenil, a known high-affinity and specific ligand for the benzodiazepine site of GABAA receptors. We measured regional GABAA receptor availability in 10 fragile X patients and 10 control subjects. We found a significant reduction of on average 10% in GABAA receptor binding potential throughout the brain in fragile X patients. In the thalamus, the brain region showing the largest difference, the GABAA receptor availability was even reduced with 17%. This is one of the first reports of a PET study of human fragile X brain and directly demonstrates that the GABAA receptor availability is reduced in fragile X patients. The study reinforces previous hypotheses that the GABAA receptor is a potential target for rational pharmacological treatment of fragile X syndrome.
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6. Hauser-Cram P, Woodman AC. {{Trajectories of Internalizing and Externalizing Behavior Problems in Children with Developmental Disabilities}}. {J Abnorm Child Psychol};2015 (Jul 30)
Children with disabilities tend to have higher levels of behavior problems than other children. Such problems have implications for psychopathology in the young adult years, with possible effects on life course opportunities such as employment and independent living. This investigation examines the developmental course of both internalizing and externalizing behavior problems by employing person-centered analyses to construct patterns of change in behavior problems in 169 children (54 % male) with early diagnosed disabilities, from age 3 to age 18. Early childhood predictors of these patterns indicated that more adverse patterns of both types of behavior problems were predicted by higher maternal depressive symptoms. Greater impacts on the family of having a child with a disability predicted more adverse patterns of internalizing behavior problems. More adaptive patterns of externalizing behavior problems were predicted by positive maternal sensitivity to a child’s distress. These findings suggest the need for early intervention focused on the family system.
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7. Karakurt MN, Suren S. {{Desmopressin Use in the Treatment of Aripiprazole-Induced Nocturnal Enuresis in a Child Diagnosed with Autistic Disorder}}. {J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol};2015 (Jul 29)
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8. Kirkovski M, Enticott PG, Maller JJ, Rossell SL, Fitzgerald PB. {{Diffusion tensor imaging reveals no white matter impairments among adults with autism spectrum disorder}}. {Psychiatry Res};2015 (Jul 30);233(1):64-72.
Abnormalities within white matter (WM) have been identified in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Although there is some support for greater neurobiological deficits among females with ASD, there is little research investigating sex differences in WM in ASD. We used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to investigate WM aberration in 25 adults with high-functioning ASD and 24 age-, sex- and IQ-matched controls. Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) was used to explore differences in WM in major tract bundles. The effects of biological sex were also investigated. TBSS revealed no differences in fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), radial diffusivity (RD), or axial diffusivity (AD) between groups. There were no effects of biological sex. We consider whether methodological differences between past studies have contributed to the highly heterogeneous findings in the literature. Finally, we suggest that, among a high-functioning sample of adults with ASD, differences in WM microstructure may not be related to clinical impairment.
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9. Murray K, Jassi A, Mataix-Cols D, Barrow F, Krebs G. {{Outcomes of cognitive behaviour therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder in young people with and without autism spectrum disorders: A case controlled study}}. {Psychiatry Res};2015 (Jul 30);228(1):8-13.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are highly co-morbid. It is suggested that youth with ASD will respond less well to cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT), as compared to their typically developing counterparts. To date there is no empirical evidence to support this view. The current study sought to compare CBT for OCD outcomes among youth with and without ASD. 22 young people with ICD-10 diagnoses of OCD and ASD (OCD+ASD) were matched with 22 youth with OCD, but no ASD (OCD+NoASD) according to base line OCD symptom severity, age, and gender. Outcomes were assessed for the two groups following a course of individually tailored, but protocol-driven CBT for OCD. While both groups responded to treatment the OCD+ASD group’s outcomes were inferior to the OCD+NoASD group, as indicated by a significantly smaller decrease in symptoms over treatment (38.31% vs. 48.20%) and lower remission rates at post-treatment (9% vs. 46%). Overall, young people experiencing OCD in the context of ASD benefitted from CBT, but to a lesser extent than typically developing children. Recent efforts to modifying standard CBT protocols for OCD in ASD should continue in order to optimise outcomes among youth with this particular dual psychopathology.
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10. Pasciuto E, Borrie SC, Kanellopoulos AK, Santos AR, Cappuyns E, D’Andrea L, Pacini L, Bagni C. {{Autism Spectrum Disorders: translating human deficits into mouse behavior}}. {Neurobiol Learn Mem};2015 (Jul 25)
Autism spectrum disorders are a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders, with rising incidence but little effective therapeutic intervention available. Currently two main clinical features are described to diagnose ASDs: impaired social interaction and communication, and repetitive behaviors. Much work has focused on understanding underlying causes of ASD by generating animal models of the disease, in the hope of discovering signaling pathways and cellular targets for drug intervention. Here we review how ASD behavioral phenotypes can be modeled in the mouse, the most common animal model currently in use in this field, and discuss examples of genetic mouse models of ASD with behavioral features that recapitulate various symptoms of ASD.
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11. Rosenberg K. {{Early Gestational Diabetes Raises Autism Spectrum Disorder Risk}}. {Am J Nurs};2015 (Aug);115(8):59.
According to this study.
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12. Rosenberg K. {{MMR Vaccine Doesn’t Increase Autism Spectrum Disorder Risk}}. {Am J Nurs};2015 (Aug);115(8):59.
According to this study.
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13. Sharpley CF, Bitsika V, Agnew LL, Andronicos NM. {{Eight-month test-retest agreement in morning salivary cortisol, self- and parent-rated anxiety in boys with an Autism Spectrum Disorder}}. {Physiol Behav};2015 (Jul 25)
The agreement over time in morning salivary cortisol concentrations and also self- and parent-rated anxiety was investigated in a sample of 16 boys with an ASD. Cortisol and anxiety data were collected eight months apart. Results indicated that there were significant correlations between each pair of measures from the two occasions, suggesting that cortisol concentrations and anxiety did not vary much at all over that time, challenging the assumption that cortisol needs to be measured over multiple days to obtain reliable data from children with an ASD. Implications for research into the ways these children respond to chronic stressors are discussed.
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14. Smith IM. {{Expanding our understanding of behavioural difficulties associated with autism spectrum disorder}}. {Dev Med Child Neurol};2015 (Jul 28)
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15. Tessier S, Lambert A, Scherzer P, Jemel B, Godbout R. {{REM Sleep and Emotional Face Memory in Typically-developing Children and Children with Autism}}. {Biol Psychol};2015 (Jul 25)
Relationship between REM sleep and memory was assessed in 13 neurotypical and 13 children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD). A neutral/positive/negative face recognition task was administered the evening before (learning and immediate recognition) and the morning after (delayed recognition) sleep. The number of rapid eye movements (REMs), beta and theta EEG activity over the visual areas were measured during REM sleep. Compared to neurotypical children, children with ASD showed more theta activity and longer reaction time (RT) for correct responses in delayed recognition of neutral faces. Both groups showed a positive correlation between sleep and performance but different patterns emerged: in neurotypical children, accuracy for recalling neutral faces and overall RT improvement overnight was correlated with EEG activity and REMs; in children with ASD, overnight RT improvement for positive and negative faces correlated with theta and beta activity, respectively. These results suggest that neurotypical and children with ASD use different sleep-related brain networks to process faces.
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16. Ververi A, Vargiami E, Papadopoulou V, Tryfonas D, Zafeiriou D. {{Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials in Boys with Autism: Still Searching for the Hidden Truth}}. {Iran J Child Neurol};2015 (Spring);9(2):21-28.
OBJECTIVE: Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) have long been utilized in the investigation of auditory modulation and, more specifically, auditory brainstem functions in individuals with autism. Although most investigators have reported significant abnormalities, no single BAEPs pattern has yet been identified. The present study further delineates the BAEPs deficits among subjects with autism. MATERIALS & METHODS: BAEPs were recorded in 43 male patients, aged 35-104 months, who underwent standard evaluations after receiving a diagnosis of autism. The control group consisted of 43 age-matched typically developing boys. The study took place in a tertiary neurodevelopmental center over a period of two years. RESULTS: The mean values of all absolute and/or interpeak latencies were longer in patients when compared to controls, albeit the differences were not significant for any of the parameters. Prolonged or shortened absolute/interpeak latencies (control group mean +/- 2.5SD) were unilaterally or bilaterally identified in 33% of patients, compared to 9% of controls. The most frequent findings included prolongation of absolute latencies I, V and III, followed by shortening of interpeak latency I-V. In addition, abnormalities (either shortening or prolongation) of absolute latencies I and V, as well as interpeak latency I-V, were significantly more common among patients. Taken together, BAEPs in 23% of patients were indicative of a clinically abnormal response in 32% of patients. CONCLUSION: As can be easily concluded, BAEPs abnormalities characterize only a subset of subjects with autism, who may be important to identify clinically. The latter individuals may benefit from targeted intervention to utilize brainstem plasticity.
