1. Davidson D, Vanegas SB, Hilvert E. {{Proneness to Self-Conscious Emotions in Adults With and Without Autism Traits}}. {J Autism Dev Disord};2017 (Jul 28)
Self-conscious emotions, such as shame, guilt and pride, facilitate our social interactions by motivating us to adhere to social norms and external standards. In this study, we examined proneness to shame, guilt, hubristic pride and authentic pride in adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder traits (ASD-T) and in neurotypical (NT) adults. Relations between proneness to self-conscious emotions and theory of mind (ToM), fear of negative evaluation, and social functioning were also assessed. Adults with ASD-T showed greater proneness to shame, and less proneness to guilt and pride than NT adults. Both ToM and fear of negative evaluation predicted proneness to self-conscious emotions in ASD-T. These findings are discussed in terms of understanding complex emotion processing in adults with ASD-T.
Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)
2. Fusar-Poli L, Brondino N, Rocchetti M, Panisi C, Provenzani U, Damiani S, Politi P. {{Diagnosing ASD in Adults Without ID: Accuracy of the ADOS-2 and the ADI-R}}. {J Autism Dev Disord};2017 (Jul 28)
Diagnosing autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in adulthood often represents a challenge in clinical practice. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the ADOS and ADI-R in diagnosing ASD in adults. 113 subjects with an IQ of 70 or above were assessed through an extensive clinical evaluation. The ADOS-2 Module 4 and the ADI-R were separately administered by staff members blind to clinical judgment. Our results cautiously confirm the accuracy of ADOS-2 Module 4, while suggest that ADI-R might not be reliable in adults without intellectual disability. Clinicians’ training and experience remains of primary importance while assessing adults who could potentially belong to the autism spectrum.
Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)
3. Gillberg C, Lundstrom S, Fernell E, Nilsson G, Neville B. {{Febrile Seizures and Epilepsy: Association With Autism and Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders in the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden}}. {Pediatr Neurol};2017 (Jun 08)
BACKGROUND: There is a recently well-documented association between childhood epilepsy and earlysymptomaticsyndromeselicitingneurodevelopmentalclinicalexaminations (ESSENCE) including autism spectrum disorder, but the relationship between febrile seizures and ESSENCE is less clear. METHODS: The Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden (CATSS) is an ongoing population-based study targeting twins born in Sweden since July 1, 1992. Parents of 27,092 twins were interviewed using a validated DSM-IV-based interview for ESSENCE, in connection with the twins’ ninth or twelfth birthday. Diagnoses of febrile seizures (n = 492) and epilepsy (n = 282) were based on data from the Swedish National Patient Register. Prevalence of ESSENCE in individuals with febrile seizures and epilepsy was compared with prevalence in the twin population without seizures. The association between febrile seizures and ESSENCE was considered before and after adjustment for epilepsy. Age of diagnosis of febrile seizures and epilepsy was considered as a possible correlate of ESSENCE in febrile seizures and epilepsy. RESULTS: The rate of ESSENCE in febrile seizures and epilepsy was significantly higher than in the total population without seizures (all P < 0.001). After adjusting for epilepsy, a significant association between febrile seizures and autism spectrum disorder, developmental coordination disorder, and intellectual disability remained. Earlier age of onset was associated with all ESSENCE except attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in epilepsy but not with ESSENCE in febrile seizures. CONCLUSIONS: In a nationally representative sample of twins, there was an increased rate of ESSENCE in childhood epilepsy and in febrile seizures. Febrile seizures alone could be seen as a marker for a broader ESSENCE phenotype in some cases. Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)
4. Herrema R, Garland D, Osborne M, Freeston M, Honey E, Rodgers J. {{Brief Report: What Happens When I Can No Longer Support My Autistic Relative? Worries About the Future for Family Members of Autistic Adults}}. {J Autism Dev Disord};2017 (Jul 28)
Very little is known about autism and adulthood. Family members are often the primary support for autistic adults and frequently express concerns about what the future will hold and what support will be available for their relative. 120 family members of autistic adults completed an online survey exploring concerns about the future for their relative. The most endorsed concerns were « their needs won’t be met » (77% worried weekly), « whether they will be happy » (72% worried weekly) and « who will care for them » (58% worried weekly). The results highlight the importance of implementing structured and timely support through collaboration with governmental policy, local commissioning and communication with charities to help prepare family members and their autistic relative for the future.
Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)
5. Liu S, Yu C, Conner BT, Wang S, Lai W, Zhang W. {{Autistic traits and internet gaming addiction in Chinese children: The mediating effect of emotion regulation and school connectedness}}. {Res Dev Disabil};2017 (Sep);68:122-130.
This report details an 18-month longitudinal study designed to investigate the influence of autistic traits’ on internet gaming addiction (IGA) in children. A total of 420 Chinese children (220 boys, Mean age=9.74+/-0.45) participated in the research. Autistic traits were measured in the 4th grade and emotion regulation, school connectedness and IGA measured in both the 4th and 5th grades. After controlling for age, sex, and sensation seeking, results showed that autistic traits were related to decreased emotion regulation, which in turn was related to lower school connectedness, which was related to increased IGA. The results suggest that improving emotion regulation and school connectedness could reduce the risk of IGA. As a result, these findings may inform intervention and prevention programs targeting children with IGA, especially among those with high levels of autistic traits.
Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)
6. Williams JHG, Cameron IM. {{The Actions and Feelings Questionnaire in Autism and Typically Developed Adults}}. {J Autism Dev Disord};2017 (Jul 28)
Impaired motor cognition may underpin empathy problems in autism. The actions and feelings questionnaire (AFQ), designed to examine individual differences in motor cognition, was completed fully by 1391 adults, of whom 326 reported a diagnosis of an autism spectrum condition (ASC). A confirmatory factor analysis supported a 3 factor model. The AFQ total and ‘feelings’ subscale scores correlated highly with the EQ and ROC curves were similar. Our findings suggest that individual differences in empathic traits are heavily accounted for by variance in mechanisms that serve sensorimotor learning (motor cognition) in relation to emotional states. The AFQ is a self-report tool that provides a valid indicator of autism status in adult populations.
