1. Bordini D, Lowenthal R, Gadelha A, Araujo Filho GM, Mari JD, Paula CS. {{Impact of training in autism for primary care providers: a pilot study}}. {Rev Bras Psiquiatr};2014 (Oct 31);0:0.
Objective: To evaluate the impact of a training program on autism spectrum disorder (ASD) identification offered to Brazilian health professionals. Methods: Twenty-two primary care providers participated in five 3-hour weekly training sessions. Results: The trained providers significantly improved their ASD knowledge after training in comparison with pre-training (mean score, 6.73 vs. 9.18, p < 0.01). Clinical practice also changed: 4 months after the training program, the providers had referred six times as many suspected cases of ASD to a specialized mental health service in comparison with the previous 4 months. Conclusion: This pilot training model seems a promising, feasible, and inexpensive way to improve early identification of ASD in the primary care system.
2. Bosch DG, Boonstra FN, Pfundt R, Cremers FP, de Vries BB. {{Cerebral visual impairment, autism, and pancreatitis associated with a 9 Mbp deletion on 10p12}}. {Clin Dysmorphol};2014 (Oct 29)
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3. Hansen SN, Parner ET. {{Cohort effects explain the increase in autism diagnosis: an identifiability problem of the age-period-cohort model}}. {Int J Epidemiol};2014 (Oct 31)
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4. Hedley D, Brewer N, Young R. {{The Effect of Inversion on Face Recognition in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder}}. {J Autism Dev Disord};2014 (Oct 31)
Face identity recognition has widely been shown to be impaired in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). In this study we examined the influence of inversion on face recognition in 26 adults with ASD and 33 age and IQ matched controls. Participants completed a recognition test comprising upright and inverted faces. Participants with ASD performed worse than controls on the recognition task but did not show an advantage for inverted face recognition. Both groups directed more visual attention to the eye than the mouth region and gaze patterns were not found to be associated with recognition performance. These results provide evidence of a normal effect of inversion on face recognition in adults with ASD.
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5. Keyes KM, Susser E, Cheslack-Postava K, Fountain C, Liu K, Bearman PS. {{Authors’ response to: Cohort effects explain the increase in autism diagnosis: an identifiability problem of the age-period-cohort model}}. {Int J Epidemiol};2014 (Oct 31)
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6. Lydon S, Healy O, Reed P, Mulhern T, Hughes BM, Goodwin MS. {{A systematic review of physiological reactivity to stimuli in autism}}. {Dev Neurorehabil};2014 (Oct 30):1-21.
Abstract Objective: The prevalence of abnormal behavioural responses to a variety of stimuli among individuals with autism has led researchers to examine whether physiological reactivity (PR) is typical in this population. This article reviewed studies assessing PR to sensory, social and emotional, and stressor stimuli in individuals with autism. Methods: Systematic searches of electronic databases identified 57 studies that met our inclusion criteria. Studies were analysed to determine: (a) participant characteristics; (b) physiological measures used; (c) PR to sensory, social and emotional or stressor stimuli; (d) the relation between PR and behavioural or psychological variables and (e) baseline physiological activity. A novel measure of methodological quality suitable for use with non-randomized, non-interventional, psychophysiological studies was also developed and applied. Results: Individuals with autism were found to respond differently than typically developing controls in 78.6%, 66.7% and 71.4% of sensory, social and emotional, and stressor stimulus classes, respectively. However, this extant literature is characterized by variable and inconsistent findings, which do not appear to be accounted for by varying methodological quality, making it difficult to determine what specific factors differentiate individuals with autism who present with atypical PR from those who do not. Conclusions: Despite this uncertainty, individual differences in PR are clearly present in autism, suggesting additional research is needed to determine the variables relating to PR among those with ASD and to examine the possible existence of physiological subtype responders in the population.
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7. Marrus N, Underwood-Riordan H, Randall F, Zhang Y, Constantino JN. {{Lack of Effect of Risperidone on Core Autistic Symptoms: Data from a Longitudinal Study}}. {J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol};2014 (Oct 31)
Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the course of autistic symptoms, using a quantitative measure of core autistic traits, among risperidone-treated children who participated in a 10 year life course longitudinal study. Methods: Parents completed surveys of intervention history, as well as serial symptom severity measurements using the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), on their autism spectrum disorder (ASD)-affected children. Fifty participants (out of a total of 184 with full intervention histories) were reported to have been treated with risperidone during the course of the study. Serial SRS scores during risperidone treatment were available for a majority of children whose parents reported a positive effect from risperidone. Results: Two thirds of risperidone-treated children (n=33) were reported by parents to have improved by taking the medication, with the principal effects described being that children were calmer, better focused, and less aggressive. SRS scores of children reported to have responded positively to risperidone did not improve over time. Conclusions: Risperidone’s beneficial effect on aggression and other elements of adaptive functioning were not necessarily accompanied by reduction in core ASD symptoms, as serially assessed by the same caregivers who reported improvement in their children. These results reflect the distinction between reduction in core symptom burden and improvement in adaptive functioning. Given the cumulative risks of atypical neuroleptics, the findings underscore the importance of periodic re-evaluation of medication benefit for children with ASD receiving neuroleptic treatment.
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8. Shumer DE, Roberts AL, Reisner SL, Lyall K, Austin SB. {{Brief Report: Autistic Traits in Mothers and Children Associated with Child’s Gender Nonconformity}}. {J Autism Dev Disord};2014 (Oct 31)
We examined relationships between autistic traits in children, mothers, and fathers and gender nonconformity (GNC) in children using data from the Nurses’ Health Study II and the Growing Up Today Study 1. Autistic traits of mothers, fathers and children were measured using the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS). GNC in children was measured using questions from the Recalled Childhood Gender Identity/Gender Role Questionnaire. In multivariable analyses increase in child’s SRS score was associated with increased odds (OR 1.35; p = 0.03) of being in a higher GNC category. Increase in maternal SRS score was also associated with increased odds (OR 1.46; p = 0.005) of the child being in a higher GNC category. Paternal SRS scores were not related to child’s GNC category.
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9. Zielinski K, Wood JJ, Renno P, Whitham S, Sterling L. {{Examining the Validity of the Columbia Impairment Scale for Assessing Level of Functioning in Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder}}. {J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol};2014 (Oct 31)
Abstract Background: Youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit impairment in numerous areas of functioning, most notably in the areas related to social interactions, communication, and behavior at school and at home. Understanding the severity of the impairment in each of the domains associated with areas of functioning is imperative when evaluating the efficacy of an intervention, whether it be medical, therapeutic, or both. Objective: This study sought to examine the convergent and discriminant validity of the Columbia Impairment Scale (CIS) for youth with ASD, and their parents. Methods: A sample of 77 adolescents with ASD and their parents completed the CIS and various other measures that examined mood, anxiety, and behavior. Results: Although there was some evidence of convergent validity for the parent-report CIS, there was inadequate discriminant validity. The child-report version of the CIS yielded generally poor validity indices. Conclusions: There appear to be important limitations when using this measure for youth with ASD.
