Pubmed (TDAH) du 04/01/26
1. González García E, Arciniegas Villanueva A, Ortiz Muñoz MJ, Pinzón Martínez J, Guinovart Julian A, Cuesta Herráiz L, Ordoño Saiz MV. Study of alterations in P300 evoked potentials in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. An Pediatr (Engl Ed). 2026: 504052.
INTRODUCTION: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent developmental problems in school age. Its diagnosis is clinical, through an adequate exploration of symptoms, psychological and performance assessments and the use of specific questionnaires and scales. P300 wave cognitive evoked potentials provide an objective measure that serves as an indicator of the cognitive processes of attention, which is therefore considered an important aid to the diagnosis of these patients. PATIENTS AND METHOD: We studied the P300 wave results obtained through auditory stimuli in 26 pediatric patients: 13 with a recent clinical diagnosis of ADHD and naïve to pharmacological treatment and 13 healthy controls. We measured both the latency and amplitude of the P300 wave, comparing the values in each group, as well as the percentage of errors in the identification of the stimulus in each subject. RESULTS: We obtained reproducible responses in all study participants, with a mean (SD) latency of 354.25 (41) ms and a mean (SD) amplitude of 11.98 (5.6) µV in the ADHD group compared to 313.59 (21) ms and 13.24 (5.9) µV, respectively, in the control group. There was a higher percentage of errors in the ADHD group. We only found significant differences between groups in the latency of the P300 wave. CONCLUSION: Pediatric patients with ADHD exhibited responses with a higher mean latency compared to peers without the disorder, so the assessment of P300 component cognitive evoked potentials could be used as an objective measure to support the diagnosis of ADHD.
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2. Hu J, Ma JY, Tang FD, Wang JY, Xu JY, Wang BH, Pan YL, Wang Y, Xuan XB, Chen J. Dietary inflammatory index (DII) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a cross-sectional study in US children and adolescents and Mendelian randomization study. Eur J Med Res. 2026.
BACKGROUND: Diet may impact the risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) via altering inflammation. However, no investigations have been conducted to evaluate the relationship between ADHD and the diet’s inflammatory potential. The study sought to investigate the relationship between ADHD and the dietary inflammatory index (DII). METHODS: We used data from the cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2004 to investigate the relationship between DII and ADHD in 6481 children and adolescents aged 6-19 years. The relationship between ADHD and DII was investigated using weighted logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS). We also explored the potential causal associations between ADHD and 187 types of food preferences using Mendelian randomization (MR). RESULTS: Despite thorough multivariate correction, a significant association between lower DII scores and an elevated probability of ADHD persisted (OR = 0.91, 95% CI 0.82-0.99). Nevertheless, when stratifying the DII into quartiles (T1-T4) for analysis, no statistically significant correlation was seen between DII and ADHD (P > 0.05). RCS analysis indicated a U-shaped correlation between DII and ADHD, with an inflection point at approximately 2.9. Mediation analysis indicated that the Frailty Index partly mediated the association between DII and ADHD, representing about 5.49% of the overall impact. The findings from the univariate MR analysis revealed that fruit liking is significantly linked to a reduced risk of ADHD. Conversely, a liking for red meat, such as lamb, as well as a fondness for flavorings like onions, is significantly associated with an increased risk of ADHD. Reverse two-sample MR analyses revealed that genetic predisposition to ADHD significantly altered 37 food preferences (FDR < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We observed a U-shaped association between the DII and ADHD risk. The Frailty Index may partially mediate (5.49%) the association between DII and ADHD. However, the cross-sectional design precludes causal inference. Fruit liking lowered ADHD risk, while red meat/onion liking increased risk. ADHD was associated with a generalized reduction in liking for a wide range of foods. Future studies should investigate the role of a moderate-inflammatory diet in ADHD prevention.
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3. Liu Y, Zhu F, Yu Y, Song Y, Luo H, Xu B, Lin S, Ha Z, Kuang D, Xie Y, Chen Z, Ren Y. A meta-analysis of the intervention effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on adult ADHD. J Affect Disord. 2026: 121107.
OBJECTIVE: This meta-analysis systematically evaluated the efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). METHODS: A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Medline, and the Cochrane Library to identify relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methodological quality assessment and statistical analysis were performed using Review Manager 5.3 in accordance with Cochrane guidelines. RESULTS: Analysis of 14 RCTs selected from 949 identified records showed significant benefits of CBT for core ADHD symptoms (SMD = -0.45, P < 0.00001), depressive mood (SMD = -0.23, P = 0.001), anxiety/stress (SMD = -0.24, P = 0.003), and executive function (SMD = -0.43, P = 0.001). No significant effects were observed for quality of life (SMD = 0.12, P = 0.47) or self-evaluation (SMD = -0.30, P = 0.22). Prespecified subgroup analyses revealed distinct efficacy profiles. By treatment composition, pure CBT demonstrated superior effects on core symptoms (SMD = -0.51, P < 0.00001) and executive function (SMD = -0.56, P < 0.0001), while CBT combined with medication showed greater efficacy for quality of life (SMD = 0.34, P = 0.02) and anxiety/stress (SMD = -0.53, P = 0.0004). By delivery mode, efficacy varied symptom-specifically: group-based formats (Group CBT, Specialized Skills Training) showed stronger effects on core symptoms, whereas Individual CBT was most effective for improving emotional outcomes (depressive mood, anxiety/stress) and quality of life. CONCLUSION: CBT demonstrates efficacy for core and associated symptoms of adult ADHD, with the optimal intervention strategy varying meaningfully by outcome and modality. A symptom-guided, stepped-care approach is supported: group-based CBT formats are preferable for targeting core symptoms and executive function, while individual CBT better addresses emotional dysregulation and quality of life. The combination of CBT with medication offers added benefit for anxiety and quality of life. The consistent lack of effect on self-evaluation highlights a critical unmet therapeutic need.
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4. Wang L, Peng X, Dong H, Ma C, Liang G, Zhao W, Jia F, Du L. The effect of Ecological Executive Skills training on emotional problems in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. BMC Psychiatry. 2026.
BACKGROUND: Emotional problems represents a prevalent clinical manifestation in pediatric populations with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), exacerbating functional impairments and complicating treatment outcomes. While pharmacological and behavioral interventions target core ADHD symptoms, structured approaches addressing emotional dysregulation through executive function training remain underexplored. Ecological executive skills training (EEST) has emerged as a promising intervention. This study systematically evaluates the multidimensional impact of EEST by integrating behavioral, cognitive, and emotional metrics to establish an evidence-based framework. METHODS: A total of 65 primary school children diagnosed with ADHD for the first time were recruited for this study. Children with ADHD were evaluated by Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire(SDQ), Conner’s Parent Symptom Questionnaire (PSQ), Vanderbilt ADHD Diagnostic Parent Rating Scale (VADPRS), Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function(BRIEF) and Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scales-Parent Report (WFIRSP). Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS software (version 19.0). Categorical variables were presented as counts (n) and percentages (%). Improvements in Inattention were analyzed using Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) with robust standard error estimators. RESULTS: 1.Efficacy of Mood Regulation: After three months of treatment, the experimental group exhibited significantly greater improvement than the control group in anxiety and depression subscales of the CBCL, SDQ teacher emotional symptom ratings, PSQ (Anxiety), VADPRS and VADTRS anxiety/depression items, and the BRIEF Emotion Regulation Index. 2. Core Symptom Severity: The experimental group demonstrated significantly greater reductions in inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms compared to controls, as measured by the VADPRS and VADTRS. 3.Executive Functioning Improvements: The experimental group showed significantly greater enhancements (P < 0.05) across all BRIEF executive function domains, with particularly significant improvements observed in working memory. 4. EEST can improve Social Functioning Outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: EEST significantly alleviates emotional probloms in children with ADHD, including symptoms of anxiety, depression, and impaired emotional control. Furthermore, this intervention demonstrates measurable improvements in core ADHD symptoms, executive functioning, and social competency. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY: The Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR). TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: 2,200,062,513.
