1. Adjei AA, Carpenter DM, Thomas KC, Sayner R, Annis IE, Tudor G, Garcia N, Leslie LK, Coyne I, Sleath B. How Often do Youth ask Their Providers the Questions They Checked on an Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Question Prompt List?. J Dev Behav Pediatr;2026 (Feb 6)

OBJECTIVE: To describe the questions youth with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) checked on a question prompt list and evaluate the extent to which youth asked these questions during medical visits. METHODS: English-speaking adolescents (N = 102) aged 11 to 17 years with ADHD were enrolled from 2 pediatric primary care clinics in North Carolina; this work focuses on the 52 adolescents in the intervention group. Adolescents who received the intervention watched an educational video and completed a prompt list before visits. Medical visits were recorded, transcribed, and coded for questions asked during visits. The questions adolescents checked on the prompt list were compared with the questions they asked during visits. RESULTS: Adolescents checked an average of 5.6 questions on the prompt list. Forty percent of adolescents who checked a question asked at least 1 question they checked during visits. The most common questions adolescents checked and asked about ADHD were, « Should I reduce my screen time to help with ADHD? » (50.0%) and « Will I grow out of ADHD? » (34.4%). The most common questions adolescents checked and asked about ADHD treatment were, « Should I take my ADHD medicine before I play sports? » (33.3%), « Should I take my ADHD medicine while I am at school? » (28.6%), and « Would talking to a counselor help my ADHD? » (28.6%). CONCLUSION: Adolescents with ADHD have many questions about ADHD; however, about 60% (n = 31) did not ask any of the questions they checked on the prompt list. Future research should examine how to encourage youth who receive a question prompt list intervention to ask questions during visits.

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

2. Bou Sader Nehme S, Sánchez-Sarasúa S, Medrano MC, Bouchatta O, Bitar T, Alameddine A, Galineau L, Brunault P, Kerekes N, Sanchez-Perez AM, Hleihel W, Landry M. Erratum to « Animal models of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Diversity and validity » [Pharmacological Reviews 78 (2026) 100108]. Pharmacol Rev;2026 (Feb 6);78(2):100123.

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

3. Bozman M, Collier B, Malhotra A, McPherson G, Li L. Using a controlled stimulant to treat cocaine use disorder in the setting of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a case study. Front Psychiatry;2026;17:1740412.

Cocaine Use Disorder (CUD), like all other stimulant use disorders, remains a challenging condition to treat, particularly in the absence of FDA-approved pharmacotherapies. While contingency management (CM) is considered first-line treatment and has demonstrated strong evidence for efficacy, it remains underutilized due to financial, philosophical, and logistical barriers. Off-label use of psychostimulants has emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy, especially in patients with comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We present a case of a middle-aged male with a long-standing history of ADHD and recent onset of CUD, who experienced frequent relapses despite multiple rehabilitation efforts. Following reinstatement of dextroamphetamine-amphetamine salts, the patient demonstrated sustained abstinence from cocaine for six and a half months at the time of this paper-his longest period of remission to date. His sobriety was supported by negative monthly urine drug screens and reduced cravings measured by the Cocaine Craving Scale (CCS). Current evidence supports CM and includes limited but growing support for stimulant substitution therapy. This case highlights the potential role of psychostimulants as a harm-reduction strategy in a carefully selected subset of patients with CUD and co-occurring ADHD. As stimulant use and overdose rates continue to rise, particularly with increasing adulteration by synthetic opioids, further research into effective, individualized treatments for stimulant use disorders, including CUD, is urgently needed.

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

4. Bransom L, Bassett AP, Zhou M, Mailman RB, Yang Y. Concomitant activation of D1 dopamine and α2A adrenergic receptors for symptoms of ADHD: comparison with methylphenidate. Res Sq;2026 (Jan 22)

Rationale : Methylphenidate is commonly prescribed to manage symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but like other stimulants it has limited effectiveness. Methylphenidate works by increasing the synaptic availability of dopamine and norepinephrine, resulting in stimulation of dopaminergic and adrenergic receptors. One hypothesis is that selective receptor targeting may be more effective clinically and have fewer side effects than non-selective stimulants. Objectives and Methods : To test this hypothesis, we compared methylphenidate with three compounds: the selective D (1/5) dopamine agonist 2-methyldihydrexidine; the selective α (2A) adrenergic agonist guanfacine; and the cannabinoid compound cannabigerol that has α (2A) agonist properties. Acute effects on temporal order memory, cognitive flexibility, and spatial working memory were evaluated using two rodent behavioral tasks. Results : Co-administration of an α (2A) agonist and a D (1) agonist produced greater cognitive improvement than methylphenidate. The performance improvement from these selective agents, however, was only observed in rats that had poor performance at baseline. Conclusions : These findings suggest that synergistic effects may emerge from the coadministration of selective agents (e.g., α (2A) and D (1) agonists) and should be considered for further study, especially as regards individuals with decrements in cognitive function.

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

5. Brynte C, Schellekens A, Konstenius M, Begeman AHA, Crunelle CL, Demetrovics Z, Dom G, Icick R, Johnson B, Kapitány-Fövény M, Levin FR, Luderer M, Matthys F, Moggi F, Palma-Álvarez RF, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Reif A, van Kernebeek MW, Vélez-Pastrana MC, van den Brink W, Franck J. Predictors of treatment success in patients with substance use disorder (SUD) and co-morbid attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Results from the International Naturalistic Cohort Study of ADHD and SUD (INCAS). Eur Neuropsychopharmacol;2026 (Feb 6);106:112783.

Comorbid attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and substance use disorder (SUD) is associated with poor treatment outcomes. This international multi-center observational prospective cohort study aimed to gain knowledge about predictors of treatment outcomes in adult SUD+ADHD patients. Data was collected from June 2017 to May 2021 at baseline, four weeks, three months, and nine months at twelve treatment services in nine countries. Main outcomes were: Treatment retention, ≥30% reduction from baseline to follow-up according to the adult ADHD self-report scale (ASRS-18), and self-reported substance use at three-month follow-up. A total of 137 adult females (24 %) and 441 adult males (76 %) were enrolled. Receiving stimulant treatment for ADHD was significantly associated with better treatment retention (OR: 2·4, 95% CI: 1·4-4·2), ≥30% reduction in ASRS total score (OR: 2·6, 95% CI: 1·2-6·1), and fewer heavy drinking days (IRR: 0·24, 95% CI: 0·13-0·42) at three months. Psychosocial treatment for ADHD was independently and significantly associated with fewer heavy drinking days at three months (IRR: 0·27, 95% CI: 0·14-0·51). In summary, treatment of ADHD in SUD+ADHD patients was related to improvements in ADHD-symptoms, treatment retention and fewer heavy drinking days at follow-up. These findings highlight the importance of ADHD treatment provision in this population. Future RCTs are warranted to confirm these results and should assess combinations of ADHD treatments and SUD treatments using different doses of stimulants. Trial Registration: ISRCTN (https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN15998989).

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

6. Craig JT, Sanders MT, Moore CC, Barnett E, Sternberg KF, Breslend NL, Vazquez LC, Sand-Loud N, Jankowski MK. ROAR-Early Childhood: Pilot Testing a Brief Telemedicine Parent Training Program for Rural Children Diagnosed with ADHD. J Atten Disord;2026 (Feb 6):10870547251415434.

OBJECTIVE: Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a chronic and impairing neurodevelopmental disorder diagnosed in approximately 2% to 4% of preschool-age children and 9% of all children. Behavioral parent training (BPT) and high-quality education are effective treatments for young children with ADHD; however, poor rates of treatment access and participation limit the reach of BPTs to rural and underserved communities. In this study, we tested the newly developed Rural Outreach and ADHD Research-Early Childhood (ROAR-EC) program, a clinician-led, 7-session education and parent training program designed for delivery over telemedicine. METHOD: We conducted a pilot RCT to assess the feasibility, acceptability, engagement of mechanism, and exploratory group × time effects of the ROAR-EC program compared to a control group in a sample of 44 children diagnosed with ADHD from a predominantly rural area (ages 3-7; M(age) = 4.8; 62% male; 96% White; 89% non-Hispanic/Latinx). Families were randomized into either ROAR-EC or treatment as usual through developmental pediatrics and followed for 24 weeks. Assessed were metrics of feasibility, acceptability, parenting practices, caregiver empowerment, disruptive behaviors, and ADHD symptoms. RESULTS: Results indicated that ROAR-EC was feasible to implement and acceptable to caregivers. Repeated measures ANOVAs found significant group × time interaction effects in favor of the treatment group compared to control for family empowerment, parenting practices, total behavior problems, impairment, and inattentive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated the promise of brief telemedicine programs as feasible, acceptable, and likely beneficial alternatives to traditional BPTs for young children with ADHD in rural and low-resource areas.

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

7. Cui J, Sun XL, Shi S, Bai H, Zhang W, Bai WJ. Aniracetam restores the excitation-inhibition balance of neurotransmitters in the prefrontal cortex of mice with ADHD. Sci Rep;2026 (Feb 5)

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder in childhood and a common chronic condition among school-aged children. However, the pharmacological mechanisms and pathophysiology of ADHD remain incompletely elucidated. Transmembrane α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor regulatory protein γ-8 (TARP γ-8, also known as calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit γ8) functions as an auxiliary subunit of AMPA receptors. Previous studies suggest that mice lacking the TARP γ-8 protein may display hyperactivity, impulsivity, and memory deficits, which are hallmarks of ADHD. The nootropic compound aniracetam effectively mitigates ADHD-like symptoms, including hyperactivity, impulsivity, anxiety, cognitive deficits, and memory impairment, observed in adolescent TARP γ-8 knockout (KO) mice. This investigation explored the therapeutic potential of aniracetam and its underlying molecular mechanisms using TARP γ-8 KO mice as an ADHD model. Through cerebral microdialysis coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) analysis, we identified perturbations in neurotransmitter metabolism in the ADHD model of TARP γ-8 KO mice. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was employed to detect alterations in the expression of key receptor and transporter genes. The results indicate that aniracetam can alleviate ADHD-related behavioral deficits by modulating the excitatory-inhibitory neurotransmitter systems through the modulation of glutamate receptor, γ-Aminobutyric Acid receptor, and monoamine neurotransmitter transporter expression. These findings in a TARP γ-8-deficient ADHD model support further investigation into aniracetam as a potential therapeutic intervention for ADHD, providing novel molecular targets and a theoretical framework for the pharmacological management of ADHD.

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

8. İmrek Y, Sari M, Tufan AE. The effects of depressive symptoms on cognitive performance of children diagnosed with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Appl Neuropsychol Child;2026 (Feb 6):1-10.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of comorbid Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) on the neuropsychological functioning of children and adolescents with a primary Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) diagnosis. METHODS: This retrospective chart review assessed the records of 257 children and adolescents, comparing those with ADHD only (n = 218) and those with ADHD comorbid with MDD (n = 39). Neuropsychological functions were evaluated using WISC-R IQ scores, Reading Speed, and Trail Making Test (TMT) A and B forms. RESULTS: The ADHD+MDD group was significantly older than the ADHD group. When controlling for age, comorbid MDD significantly increased child-reported depression and anxiety symptoms, as well as clinician-rated severity. However, after age control, comorbid MDD did not have a significant effect on overall cognitive performance on WISC-R IQ indices, TMT-derived executive function metrics, or reading speed. Dimensional analyses showed that clinician-rated symptom severity (CGI-S) negatively correlated with reading speed and positively with TMT-B + TMT-A duration. CONCLUSION: ADHD with MDD comorbidity is associated with increased subjective distress and family disruption but does not lead to objective neuropsychological impairment in broad cognitive domains. This finding may reflect the potential floor effects of core ADHD impairments. Treatment should focus on integrated multi-informant interventions to mitigate long-term academic and social costs.

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

9. Meyer T. Prevention and treatment of ACL ruptures in athletes and an exercise therapy for the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). J Sci Med Sport;2026 (Feb);29(2):107.

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

10. Mitchell S. Treatment of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder with autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Ment Health Clin;2026 (Feb);16(1):1-6.

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

11. Mpondo S, Vogel W, Michaelis IA. Management and co-morbidities in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder diagnosis: A clinical audit in the Eastern Cape province, South Africa. S Afr J Psychiatr;2026;32:2585.

BACKGROUND: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood disorder, with a prevalence rate of 5% – 8%. Clinical practice guidelines have been developed internationally to standardise the care and management of patients with ADHD. AIM: To assess compliance with clinical guidelines on the management of children with ADHD in two hospitals in the Eastern Cape province using the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines as the gold standard. SETTING: Paediatric departments of two hospitals in the Buffalo City Municipality, Eastern Cape province, South Africa. METHODS: A clinical audit was conducted on children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD attending neurodevelopmental clinics (NDCs). Patient folders were reviewed between June 2021 and December 2021, and data were collected using a 16-point audit tool based on the NICE guidelines for ADHD. RESULTS: A total of 111 patient folders met the inclusion criteria. Of the 16 audit standards, 8 demonstrated over 80% compliance, while 2 achieved fair compliance (50% – 79%). Significant gaps were identified in the 6 standards with poor compliance (< 50%). Co-morbidities were highly prevalent, with 83% of patients presenting with at least one co-existing condition. CONCLUSION: The audit demonstrated overall good clinical compliance with the NICE guidelines for ADHD management, but it also exposed gaps in psycho-social interventions, caregiver support and the availability of structured support groups. CONTRIBUTION: This study highlights service gaps in resource-limited settings and is expected to further inform government policy planning in developing auxiliary services and multidisciplinary support for children with ADHD and their families in such settings.

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

12. Patriti A. ADHD and the surgical profession: « the doctor strange » syndrome. Postgrad Med J;2026 (Feb 6)

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

13. Pyszkowska A, Nowacki A, Dziura N. Game on but pay the price: Hyperfocus, flow, escapism, self-efficacy, and burnout among video gamers with ADHD traits. Res Dev Disabil;2026 (Feb 5);170:105241.

Hyperfocus-an intense, uncontrollable state of attention-has gained attention for its dual adaptive and maladaptive outcomes and its potential role in gaming experience. Although distinguishing hyperfocus from flow during gameplay may be challenging, their predictive factors (e.g., escapism motivation) and consequences (e.g., burnout, self-efficacy) may differentiate the two constructs. However, the distinction between hyperfocus and flow in gaming contexts – particularly regarding their psychological outcomes and statistical predictors – remains insufficiently understood. The aims of this study were to a) establish possible differences in hyperfocus and flow as potential predictors of negative (cognitive, emotional burnout) and positive (self-efficacy) psychological outcomes among adult video gamers with ADHD traits, and b) compare these outcomes between individuals with a formal ADHD diagnosis and with an ADHD self-diagnosis. Data from 310 participants with ADHD traits were analyzed. First, an exploratory correlation analysis was conducted. Then, the relationships between hyperfocus, flow, escapism motivation, self-efficacy, and burnout were compared between persons with a formal ADHD diagnosis (N = 174) and self-diagnosis (N = 136) using the Mann-Whitney test, network analysis, and two PLS-SEM models. Flow and hyperfocus differed in both predictors and outcomes, with flow associated with greater self-efficacy and hyperfocus predicting higher burnout. Group comparisons indicated complex patterns: self-suppression escapism predicted flow only in the self-diagnosis group, while also predicting hyperfocus in both groups. Hyperfocus and flow emerge as qualitatively distinct states with different predictors and consequences. Furthermore, systematic differences between formally diagnosed and self-diagnosed individuals with ADHD traits underscore the necessity of distinguishing these subgroups in research on ADHD-related experiences.

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)