1. Arbour MW, Milazzo MC. Revealing Gaps: Analysis of Nursing Faculty’s Awareness of Neurodiverse Diagnoses. J Nurs Educ;2026 (Feb);65(2):79-84.

BACKGROUND: Neurodiversity encompasses the range of ways individuals receive, process, and respond to information. Misconceptions about neurodiversity and ableism persist in nursing education. This study analyzed nursing faculty’s knowledge of neurodiverse diagnoses. METHOD: This study analyzed 2024 data on nursing faculty preparedness to teach neurodiverse students. Open-ended responses from 89 nursing faculty at three North American institutions were analyzed to identify knowledge gaps. RESULTS: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was the most frequently mentioned neurodiverse diagnosis (83.15%), followed by autism (78.65%). Learning disabilities were noted by 56.18% of participants, with dyslexia most common. Other non-neurodiverse diagnoses were mentioned by some participants. CONCLUSION: Most nursing faculty know some neurodiverse diagnoses, but few know the breadth of diagnoses considered neurodiverse. The mention of conditions not typically considered neuro-diverse highlights the need for professional development. Inclusive teaching strategies and empathy are essential for supporting neurodiverse students and fostering their success.

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2. Azimi M, Kazemi R, Pourmohamadreza-Tajrishi M, Dolatshahi B. EEG markers of mind wandering as predictors of sustained attention in pediatric ADHD. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging;2026 (Feb 2);358:112163.

Mind wandering (MW) refers to a shift from task-related, stimulus-driven thoughts to internally generated thoughts. While commonly experienced, particularly among individuals with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), it remains understudied in children, especially through objective measures such as neural markers. This study aimed, first, to examine differences in neural activation and functional connectivity related to MW between typically developing children and those diagnosed with ADHD. Second, it explored how these neural markers relate to sustained attention in children with ADHD, with the goal of identifying objective indicators for diagnosis. Electroencephalography (EEG) was used to assess current source density and lagged functional connectivity across 13 brain regions associated with MW. Participants completed the Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test (IVA), which measures auditory and visual sustained attention. Children with ADHD showed distinct patterns of neural activation and connectivity, including increased delta and decreased beta connectivity. These changes were accompanied by increased activity in the default mode network (DMN) and impaired regulation by the executive control network (ECN). In addition to the DMN (commonly linked to MW), several non-DMN regions and their connectivity were also associated with various aspects of sustained attention, including focus, vigilance, comprehension, and persistence. These findings highlight the contribution of MW to attentional deficits in ADHD and underscore its potential as a measurable and clinically meaningful feature of ADHD psychopathology, with important implications for both diagnosis and intervention.

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3. Butt DA, Li Y, Moineddin R, O’Neill B, Train AD, Gronsbell J, Gershon AS, Tu K. Healthcare use in individuals with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A population-based longitudinal matched cohort study. PLOS Ment Health;2025;2(7):e0000342.

Individuals with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) experienced worsening symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic resulting in increased demand for healthcare services. However, it is unclear how those with and without ADHD utilized these services during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examined healthcare utilization among individuals with and without ADHD and as a secondary objective, investigated these trends among female and male subgroups, from April 1, 2014-March 31, 2023. We conducted a population-based longitudinal retrospective cohort study among ADHD cases identified using a validated algorithm, and controls from Ontario, Canada over the same study period. We matched ADHD cases 1:1 to controls by sex, birth year, and geographical area. Outcomes were number of outpatient visits per person per fiscal year to family physicians, for mental health and to emergency departments, stratified by sex and age group over the follow-up period. Crude visit rate differences between sex-specific cases and controls were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CI). We matched 427 716 ADHD cases to 427 716 controls. ADHD cases were 163 528 ≤ 17 years (32% female), and 264 188 adults (52% female). From 2013-2024, where March 17, 2020 marked the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, females aged 1-17 years with ADHD appeared to have higher visit rate differences to family physicians, emergency departments, and increased mental health services, relative to their controls, particularly in 2020 [2.66 (95% CI: 2.65-2.68)]. In the same year, males with ADHD still had a higher mental health visit rate difference, [2.02 (95% CI: 2.01-2.02)] in 2020, but lower than that observed in females. Adult females with ADHD had the highest mental health visit rate difference in 2020 [5.09 (95% CI: 5.07-5.11)] and males with ADHD had 4.41 (95% CI: 4.40-4.43). These higher service utilization differences likely reflected greater health needs among females with ADHD while males underutilized these services.

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4. Chutko LS, Surushkina SY, Yakovenko EA, Scheglova LV. [Attention deficit disorder in adults: features of social and family relationships]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova;2026;126(1):13-18.

This article presents a review of scientific publications devoted to the clinical manifestations of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adulthood and their impact on social adaptation. The article focuses on the results of studies examining the interpersonal interactions of adult patients with ADHD and the main social problems characteristic of individuals with this disorder. Current views on the psychophysiological mechanisms underlying interpersonal dysfunction in patients with ADHD are presented. The potential for psychotherapeutic intervention and pharmacological therapy to improve social adaptation in ADHD in adulthood is also discussed.

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5. Chutko LS, Yakovenko EA, Surushkina SY, Didur MD, Cherednichenko DV, Scheglova LV, Sosnina IB, Snegova EV. [Problematic internet use by children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova;2026;126(1):69-76.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the clinical and psychophysiological characteristics of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), characterized by «problematic internet use» (PIU). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study group included 43 children aged 12-14 years with the most common combined type of ADHD and comorbid manifestations of PUI. The comparison group included 40 children aged 12-14 years with combined ADHD without signs of PUI. The control group consisted of 30 children aged 12-14 years without neuropsychiatric disorders. The following research methods were used in the study: the SNAP-IY questionnaire for quantitative assessment of ADHD manifestations, the CIAS scale for quantitative assessment of signs of tendency toward internet-addicted behavior, the CMAS (Comprehensive Anxiety Scale), the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and the TOVA (Test of Variables of Attention) for assessing attention and impulsivity in relation to age-specific norms. RESULTS: The study results showed that children with combined ADHD and PII had higher scores on inattention and impulsivity compared to children with isolated ADHD. Furthermore, children with combined ADHD and PUI were characterized by higher levels of anxiety and more pronounced social difficulties compared to children with isolated ADHD. CONCLUSION: Thus, more pronounced executive function impairments can be noted in the group of children with combined disorders.

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6. Diaba SE, Essuman YA, Singh G, Fiagbe D. Investigating primary school educators’ insights into attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A cross sectional study in the Greater Accra Region, Ghana. PLOS Ment Health;2025;2(9):e0000376.

Schoolteachers play an integral role in the diagnosis and management of students with Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Despite its increased importance in Ghana, no study has been conducted to assess the knowledge and misperceptions of Ghanaian schoolteachers about ADHD. This study thus aimed to evaluate schoolteachers’ level of knowledge and misperceptions about ADHD. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among teachers from eleven primary schools in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana from February to July 2023. A validated and self-administered questionnaire, comprising a demographic questionnaire and the Knowledge of Attention Deficit Disorder Scale (KADDS), was used to collect data on participants’ sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, and misperceptions about ADHD. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed on the data using SPSS version. 26. Statistical significance was set at p = 0.05. The study included 170 participants, the majority being female (62.4%). The average percentage of knowledge regarding ADHD general knowledge, symptoms/diagnosis, and treatment was 32.29%, 40.92%, and 31.32%, respectively. The overall proportion of correct, incorrect, and « do not know » responses was 34.90%, 23.40%, and 41.70%, respectively. Common misconceptions included the belief that children with ADHD often outgrow the condition and that reducing dietary sugar alleviates symptoms. Educational background (p = 0.037), prior ADHD training (p = 0.005), and experience teaching an ADHD child (p = 0.003) were significantly associated with higher knowledge scores. There is a need for childhood mental health training among teachers and further research in this field in Ghana.

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7. Li X, Guo Y, Giuliodori Picco A, Palomar-Cros A, Delmestri A, Man WY, Kaczmarczyk I, Brash JT, Verhamme K, Mosseveld M, Duarte-Salles T, Prieto-Alhambra D, Burn E. Trends in use of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder medications among children and adults in five European countries, 2010 to 2023: a population-based observational study. Lancet Reg Health Eur;2026 (Feb);61:101556.

BACKGROUND: An increase in the use of medications for Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has been reported globally. This study aims to estimate the trends of ADHD medications use among children and adults across Europe from 2010 to 2023. METHODS: We conducted a population-level observational study using electronic health records from five European countries: Belgium, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, and the UK. We estimated the prevalence and incidence of methylphenidate, dexamphetamine, lisdexamfetamine, atomoxetine and guanfacine use among individuals aged 3 years and older. We used the proportion of patients covered to measure treatment adherence. All analyses were reported by country and stratified by age group and sex. FINDINGS: The prevalence of ADHD medication use increased across all five countries during the study period. Between 2010 and 2023, prevalence rose more than threefold in the UK (from 0.12% to 0.39%) and more than doubled in the Netherlands (from 0.67% to 1.56%). Adult use increased substantially in all countries, particularly among females. In the UK, prevalence among adults aged over 25 increased from 0.01% in 2010 to approximately 0.20% in 2023, representing a more than twenty-fold increase in females and fifteen-fold in males. Although ADHD medication use remained higher among males, the sex gap in treatment narrowed over time and with increasing age. After 1-year of medication initiation, 14.9%, 16.0%, 43.9%, and 30.8% of participants were covered by treatment in Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, and the UK respectively. Among initiators, the prevalence of psychiatric conditions and prior use of psycholeptic medications was higher in females and in older age groups. INTERPRETATION: Over 14 years, ADHD medication prevalence increased across Europe, with varying incidence trends by country, age, and sex. Understanding the utilisation of ADHD medications can provide useful information in monitoring use, as well as for anticipation and planning to minimise potential shortages. FUNDING: European Medicines Agency.

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8. Nezamoleslami A, Tehrani-Doost M, Soleimani M, Parvizi M, Mohammadzadeh A, Shahrivar Z. Theory of mind deficit and its relationship with executive functions in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A comparative study. Appl Neuropsychol Adult;2026 (Feb 8):1-8.

INTRODUCTION: While the ability to understand others’ mental states (Theory of Mind, ToM) is fundamental for social interactions, its relationship with executive functions (EF) in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) remains under-explored. This study investigated ToM abilities and three core EFs (working memory, response inhibition, and planning) in adults with ADHD compared to a healthy control group. METHODS: Thirty adults with ADHD were matched with thirty controls on age, gender, IQ, and education. ToM was assessed using the Strange Stories Test. EFs were evaluated using four subtests from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB): Spatial Span (SSP) for short-term memory, Spatial Working Memory (SWM) for working memory, Stockings of Cambridge (SOC) for planning, and Stop Signal Task (SST) for response inhibition. Mann-Whitney U tests compared groups, and Spearman’s rho examined ToM-EF relationships. RESULTS: Individuals with ADHD showed significantly poorer performance on the Strange Stories Test and all CANTAB subtests compared to controls. Within the ADHD group, most EF components showed no significant correlation with ToM scores. CONCLUSIONS: These findings confirm deficits in both ToM and EFs in adults with ADHD. The lack of strong correlations suggests that ToM difficulties may represent a distinct cognitive domain, independent of core EF impairments.

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9. Niharika DG, Salaria P, Reddy MA. Unveiling Molecular Mechanisms and Salient Targets in Phthalates-Induced Neurodevelopmental Disorders Through Comprehensive Network Toxicology and Molecular Docking Strategy. J Biochem Mol Toxicol;2026 (Feb);40(2):e70731.

Phthalates are well-known emerging contaminants in the environment and food packaging, posing serious risks to human health as endocrine disruptors with significant neurotoxic potential. Epidemiological and experimental evidence have linked early-life phthalate exposure to neurodevelopmental disorders, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the precise molecular mechanisms responsible for these associations remain poorly understood. This study aimed to comprehensively investigate the putative toxic targets and molecular pathways underlying phthalate-induced ADHD and ASD through integrated network toxicology and molecular docking approaches. Targets related to phthalates, ADHD, and ASD were extracted from various databases, yielding 21 potential targets associated with ADHD and ASD, which are common to the studied phthalates. Network analysis highlighted BDNF and ESR1 as the top two core targets. Functional enrichment analyses demonstrated that the core targets are involved in multiple pathways. Furthermore, the GEO database was queried to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and gene modules through Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) using the R package. Moreover, molecular docking demonstrated high binding affinity between phthalates and core targets, with di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate with BDNF and diisononyl phthalate with ESR1, emphasizing the potential role of phthalate exposure in neurodevelopmental disorders. The stability of these complexes was demonstrated through molecular dynamics simulations, which confirmed their binding interactions remained constant throughout the simulation. Our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the intricate molecular mechanisms of phthalate-induced neurotoxicity, offering a valuable foundation for the development of future therapeutic strategies to mitigate their adverse effects on neurodevelopment.

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10. Petrovskiy VP, Skryabin VY, Sokolova SI, Masyakin AV. [Impulsivity as a key to transdiagnostic understanding of mental disorders]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova;2026;126(1):53-60.

Impulsivity has established itself as a key transdiagnostic construct in psychiatry, rethinking ideas about the etiopathogenesis, clinical course, and approaches to the treatment of mental disorders. Epidemiological data indicate its high prevalence and a role as a key pathogenetic factor affecting severity, comorbidity, and suicide risk. This review systematizes the current view on impulsivity. We searched for relevant publications in PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Mendeley. Convergent neuroimaging data (structural and functional MRI), genetics, and neuropsychology reveal a common neurobiological substrate, dysfunction of prefrontal-striatal-thalamic control networks and impaired monoaminergic (dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine) modulation, underlining impulsivity in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), borderline personality disorder (BPD), addictive, and affective disorders. Psychometric models and neurobehavioral studies confirm the heterogeneity of the construct (motor, cognitive, affective impulsivity, sensation-seeking) with differentiated neurocorrelates. High levels of impulsivity are a powerful predictor of adverse outcomes: relapses in dependence, self-injurious, and suicidal behavior in BPD and functional deficits in patients with ADHD. Effective correction requires multilevel strategies tailored to specific features of the phenotype: psychotherapy, neuromodulation, and targeted pharmacotherapy. The review substantiates the need to shift from syndrome-oriented to transdiagnostic models, integrating neuroscience advances to enable a personalized approach and overcome the crisis of traditional diagnostics.

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11. Rovaris DL, Grevet EH, Høberg A, da Cunha PF, Llonga N, Carabí-Gassol P, Oliveira EP, Bandeira CE, Tavares MEA, Artigas MS, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Fadeuilhe C, Corrales M, Richarte V, Lundervold AJ, Halmøy A, Vitola ES, Rohde LA, Ribasés M, Haavik J, Bau CHD, da Silva BS. A multi-cohort assessment of the polygenic prediction in ADHD treatment response. Psychiatry Res;2026 (Jan 29);358:116988.

Pharmacological treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are efficacious and safe; however, substantial interindividual variability in treatment response persists, with many patients experiencing suboptimal outcomes or early discontinuation. Although genetic factors have been proposed as contributors to this variability, clinically actionable predictors remain elusive. Here, we present the first meta-analysis evaluating whether polygenic liability for ADHD and related psychiatric and behavioral-cognitive phenotypes is associated with clinically meaningful response to methylphenidate in 1000 ADHD cases from Norway, Brazil, and Spain assessed in real-world settings. Polygenic scores (PGS) for ADHD, autism, bipolar disorder, educational attainment, major depressive disorder, neuroticism, and schizophrenia were calculated separately for each cohort. Treatment response was assessed using evaluations of global clinical improvement and harmonized by categorizing individuals as responders or non-responders. Cohort-specific associations were combined using fixed-effects meta-analysis. No PGS showed a significant association with treatment response. Effect sizes were small, consistent across cohorts, and characterized by minimal between-study heterogeneity. Sensitivity analyses incorporating clinical and treatment-related covariates yielded convergent results. As the first meta-analytic evaluation of polygenic predictors evaluating clinically meaningful ADHD stimulant response, these findings delineate the current limits of PGS in pharmacogenomic applications. Rather than supporting immediate clinical utility, our results highlight key methodological and conceptual constraints, including limited sample sizes, heterogeneous outcome definitions, and the indirect nature of susceptibility-based PGS for predicting treatment response. By mapping these boundaries, this study provides a framework to recalibrate research priorities and guide the next generation of ADHD pharmacogenomic studies toward larger, harmonized, and more informative definitions of treatment response.

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12. Runkle JD, Reed C, Weidner K, Rothschild J, Chandrasekhar T, Sugg MM. Assessing the impact of heatwaves on emergency visits for major depression and suicidal ideation in youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. PLOS Ment Health;2025;2(10):e0000444.

Emerging evidence suggests that extreme heat can exacerbate mental health conditions. Yet little is known about its impact on children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a population at increased risk for emotional dysregulation and impulsivity. This study examines the association between heatwave exposure and emergency department visits for major depressive disorder (MDD), suicidal behavior (SUIC), and their co-occurrence among youth with ADHD. We conducted a retrospective matched-case study of 4,404 pediatric ED visits for MDD and/or SUIC in youth with ADHD in North Carolina from May to September, 2008-2021. Heatwave exposure was defined using the Excess Heat Factor and modeled as same-day, lagged (1-7 days), and cumulative (3-,5-, and 7-day) periods. Poisson mixed-effect regression models estimated relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Intersectional models further explored how risk varied by race, sex, ethnicity, and ADHD subtype. Heatwave exposure was significantly associated with increased ED visits for MDD (RR = 1.17, 95%CI: 1.01, 1.34) on the same day and overlapping MDD and SUIC (RR = 1.30, 95%CI: 1.02-1.65) on lag day one. Adolescents aged 12-17 showed heightened vulnerability across all outcomes. Cumulative exposure over 3-, 5-, and 7-day periods further elevated risks for MDD and suicidal behavior. Youth with the inattentive ADHD subtype had significantly greater odds of experiencing an overlapping MDD-suicidal event following heatwave exposure (RR = 2.70, 95%CI: 1.35-5.38). Intersectional analyses revealed that white females had the highest risk for suicide-related ED visits (RR = 1.21, 95%CI: 1.04-1.41). This study is the first to identify a link between heatwave exposure and mental health crises in youth with ADHD, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions. Findings highlight the importance of integrating climate resilience strategies into pediatric mental health care, particularly for high-risk subgroups.

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13. Thomson AB, Cairns RF, Buckley NA. Author reply to Letter to the Editor regarding ‘Exposures to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder medications reported to the New South Wales Poisons Information Centre (2014-2023): A retrospective study’. Aust N Z J Psychiatry;2026 (Feb 9):48674261418460.

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14. Ueno A, Nobukawa S, Shirama A. Multimodal biomarker based on temporal complexity of eye movements and pupil diameter in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. PLOS Ment Health;2025;2(10):e0000456.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders without established biomarkers. Pupil diameter, regulated by the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine (LC-NE) system, and eye movements controlled by diverse brain regions exhibit specific patterns in patients with ADHD due to abnormal activity in these brain regions. Previous studies reported that patients with ADHD have larger pupil diameters and reduced temporal complexity. However, although the temporal complexity of eye movements has been associated with major movement disorders in previous studies, its relevance in conditions without primary movement disorders, such as ADHD, remains unclear. In this context, we hypothesized that the temporal complexity of eye movements would provide a more comprehensive understanding of eye movements in ADHD. This study aimed to analyze the temporal complexity of eye movements in patients with ADHD using multiscale entropy analysis and examine its diagnostic utility alongside pupil size. The results showed that patients with ADHD had lower temporal complexity in their eye movements and larger pupil diameters. Moreover, combining these features enhanced the accuracy of ADHD diagnosis. These findings support the potential of a multimodal approach for diagnosing adult ADHD, potentially improving clinical diagnostic accuracy.

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15. Yen CF, Chou WJ, Hsiao RC, Wang PW. Internet addiction, ADHD, and adolescent mental health: a 1-year longitudinal study of risk and moderation. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health;2026 (Feb 19)

INTRODUCTION: This 1-year follow-up study investigated the cross-sectional and prospective associations of (1) personal and environmental factors (demographic characteristics, attention-deficit/hyperactivity [ADHD] diagnosis, internalizing and externalizing problems, hostility, impulsivity, and the quality of relationships with friends and family) with Internet addiction and of (2) Internet addiction with various mental health problems (depression, suicidality, and nonsuicidal self-harm) among adolescents. In addition, the moderating effects of ADHD on these associations were analyzed. METHODS: Data were collected from 349 adolescents (176 with ADHD and 173 without ADHD at baseline). In total, 249 participants (71.3%; 122 with ADHD and 127 without ADHD) completed the 1-year follow-up assessment. RESULTS: At baseline, impulsivity (e.g., lack of perseverance and self-control and inability to plan), hostility (expressive hostility behavior), age, and low satisfaction with relationships with friends were significantly associated with Internet addiction severity. At follow-up, impulsivity (e.g., lack of perseverance and self-control), hostility (expressive hostility behavior), and Internet addiction severity at baseline were significantly associated with Internet addiction severity. In addition, Internet addiction severity at baseline was cross-sectionally associated with depression. Notably, ADHD moderated the cross-sectional association between Internet addiction severity and nonsuicidal self-harm at baseline. Furthermore, Internet addiction severity at baseline prospectively predicted suicidality at follow-up. CONCLUSION: Internet addiction can predict suicidality among adolescents. Personal and environmental factors should be integrated into the assessment of Internet addiction in adolescents.

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16. Zeinaly I, Koohkansaadi G, Hassanzadeh-Khanmiri M, Mobed A, Charsouei S, Mohagheghi A. Innovative Nanomaterial-Based Approaches for the Recognition of Amphetamine in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Management. Anal Sci Adv;2026 (Jun);7(1):e70066.

The rising incidence of amphetamine misuse, particularly in the context of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder treatment, underscores the urgent need for sensitive and effective detection methods. This review examines innovative nanomaterial-based approaches for AMP detection, emphasizing their advantages over conventional analytical techniques. Various nanomaterials, including carbon nanotubes, graphene and metal nanoparticles, have been utilized to enhance the sensitivity and selectivity of detection methods such as electrochemical sensors, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and fluorescence-based assays. The distinctive properties of nanomaterials, including high surface area, conductivity and biocompatibility, enable the development of rapid and reliable detection systems. This paper discusses recent advancements in nanomaterial synthesis, functionalization and integration into detection platforms, along with the challenges and future directions in this field. By harnessing the potential of nanotechnology, these innovative approaches aim to improve the accuracy and efficiency of amphetamine detection, thereby enhancing the monitoring and management of substance abuse, particularly in individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

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17. Zhou X, Chen J, Yao J, Chui DT, Tang SK. Internet gaming disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and learning in adults: a systematic review. Front Psychiatry;2025;16:1735922.

The comorbidity between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Internet gaming Disorder (IGD) has attracted much attention. The aim of this systematic review was to explore the specific association between ADHD and IGD/GD Adult learning group. Through the literature search of MEDLINE, PUBMED and CINAHL, a total of 14 relevant studies were included. The study found that ADHD symptoms (especially inattention and hyperactive impulsivity) were significantly associated with the incidence and severity of IGD/GD, suggesting that ADHD may be an important risk factor for IGD/GD. Individuals with comorbidity not only have higher mental health problems such as depression and anxiety, but also show lower self-control and higher emotionality. In addition, five factors have been mentioned as potentially mediating the association between adult ADHD symptoms and IGD/GD symptoms: mental health, gender difference, cultural context, gaming motivation and game type, and living habit. Furthermore, IGD/GD has a negative impact on academic performance in adults with ADHD. The results of this review contribute to a better understanding of the complex relationship between ADHD and IGD/GD adult learning group and provide new perspectives for clinical intervention and treatment.

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