1. Al Tarsha N. Concept of de-diagnosing autism and ADHD raises pressing questions. Bmj;2026 (Jan 14);392:s51.

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2. Alrefaei MM. Effects of executive function intervention based on motor activity on working memory and sustained attention of Saudi children with ADHD. Appl Neuropsychol Child;2026 (Jan 15):1-9.

The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of executive function intervention based on motor activity on working memory and sustained attention of Saudi school aged- children with ADHD. It was hypothesized that the delivered executive function intervention based on motor activity would have a pre-to-post intervention effect on working memory and sustained attention. The current study employed a randomized controlled design to systematically assess the effects of executive function intervention based on motor activity on working memory and sustained attention of Saudi school aged- children with ADHD. In this study, executive function intervention based on motor activity training was considered as the independent variable and working memory and sustained attention were considered as the dependent variables. A total of 58 participants aged 7-10 years (mean= 9.3 and SD = 1.2) were included in the analyses. Children were from five schools in urban and suburban areas of Mecca. parents of children have junior high school education or above and have normal communication and cognitive abilities. Linear regression models were used to assess within-person differences within conditions for each outcome. Post-test scores were considered as dependent variables explained by condition and pretest scores as the independent variables. The results of the present study indicated significant improvements in working memory and sustained attention in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder following 4 weeks of executive function training.

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3. Becker SP, Miller MC, Crosby ES, Dvorsky MR. Interpersonal needs in relation to depression and suicidal ideation in early adolescents: the moderating roles of ADHD and sex. J Affect Disord;2026 (Jan 15);393(Pt A):120227.

BACKGROUND: Adolescence is marked by significant developmental changes and an increased risk for depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of interpersonal needs (i.e., thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness) on depressive symptom severity and suicidal ideation in early adolescents, with a focus on the moderating effects of sex and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) status. METHODS: Participants were 341 early adolescents (ages 10-12; 52.2 % female, 47.8 % male), approximately half of whom met diagnostic criteria for ADHD (48.7 %; n = 166). ADHD was established using a semi-structured diagnostic interview administered to caregivers, and adolescents completed ratings of depression and interpersonal needs and were administered an interview assessing history of suicidal ideation. RESULTS: Results indicated that higher levels of thwarted belongingness were associated with depressive symptom severity and suicidal ideation, particularly among females with ADHD compared to females without ADHD or males with or without ADHD. Perceived burdensomeness also predicted depressive symptom severity and suicidal ideation, though its interaction with sex and ADHD was not significant. CONCLUSIONS: These findings underscore the importance of addressing interpersonal needs in early adolescents, especially for females with ADHD, to mitigate the risk of depression and suicidal thoughts.

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4. Dastamooz S, Wong SHS, Yang Y, Arbour-Nicitopoulos K, Ho RTH, Yam JCS, Tham CCY, Liu C, Sit CHP. Efficacy of a short-term physical exercise intervention on stress biomarkers and mental health in adolescents with ADHD: A randomized controlled trial. J Affect Disord;2026 (Jan 15);393(Pt A):120285.

BACKGROUND: Adolescence is a pivotal stage of psychological and biological change affecting mental health. Adolescents with ADHD are especially vulnerable and often show lower baseline cortisol. Although physical exercise is a promising strategy for improving well-being, research on stress biomarkers in this population remains scarce. This study aimed to examine the effects of a PE intervention on self-reported stress, anxiety, and depression, alongside salivary cortisol levels. METHODS: In a two-armed randomized controlled trial, 82 adolescents with ADHD (aged 12-17 years, Mage = 14.38 ± 1.18) were assigned to either a 3-week PE program (n = 45) with moderate-to-vigorous intensity (two 90-min sessions per week, 540 min in total) or to a control group (CG; n = 37). Self-reported levels of stress, anxiety, and depression, along with salivary cortisol levels, were assessed at three-time points: baseline, immediately after the intervention, and three months post-intervention follow-up. RESULTS: The generalized estimated equation analysis revealed significant group-by-time interactions for self-reported stress and cortisol levels. Compared to baseline, self-reported stress levels were significantly decreased (MD(adj) = -0.45, 95 % CI = -0.82 to -0.09, p = 0.009), while salivary cortisol levels were significantly increased (MD(adj) = 0.09, 95 % CI = 0.01 to 0.17, p = 0.02) immediately post-intervention. None of these effects persisted after three-month post-intervention follow-up. CONCLUSION: Short-term PE appears to be an effective approach for reducing self-reported stress levels and increasing cortisol levels in adolescents with ADHD.

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5. Feng Y, Zhou S, Huang S, Zhuang Z. Reframing ADHD-obesity-depression links across cohorts: Pubertal moderation, vignette-calibrated measurement, and sleep-focused prevention. J Affect Disord;2026 (Jan 15);393(Pt B):120507.

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6. Hall KC, Marraccini ME, Karpinsky M, Middleton T, Knotek S, Mankowski J, Evarrs S, Maddox BB. Youth on the autism spectrum hospitalized for suicide related thoughts and behaviors: Characteristics and perspectives from the field. J Affect Disord;2026 (Jan 15);393(Pt B):120383.

Suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB) are alarmingly prevalent in youth, with even higher rates among children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (hereafter autism) – a neurodevelopmental difference characterized by differences in social communication skills and restrictive and repetitive behaviors. Although autistic youth are hospitalized in psychiatric units at higher rates than their non-autistic peers, the limited research exploring hospital staff’s experience with autistic patients and their families highlights a disconnect between providers and parents and a lack of knowledge about autism. The current study leveraged medical records of 86 hospitalized patients (43 autistic, 43 non-autistic) aged 6-18, extracting quantitative and qualitative data to explore differences in demographic characteristics, co-occurring diagnoses, and reasons and stressors related to hospitalization for suicide-related crises, as well as hospital staff’s perceptions of autistic patients. Results indicated that autistic patients had more co-occurring diagnoses than non-autistic, with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder being the most common in autistic patients and anxiety and depression common in both autistic and non-autistic patents. Autistic patients’ hospitalization was often related to aggression and stressors involving interpersonal skills. Behaviors related to rigidity were documented by hospital staff working with autistic psychiatric patients. Differences in factors related to hospitalization for suicide-related crises in autistic and non-autistic youth underscore the need for research on suicide risk factors unique to neurodivergent populations. Commonly documented behaviors of hospitalized autistic youth highlight the need for strength-based approaches to meet specific needs of autistic people.

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7. Koh KA, Szymkowiak D, Tsai J. Stimulant and non-stimulant ADHD medication prescriptions for homeless veteran service users with mental illness. J Psychiatr Res;2026 (Jan 9);194:287-293.

OBJECTIVE: Prescribing of ADHD medications has not been examined in the US homeless population. This study examined frequency of prescriptions for stimulant and non-stimulant ADHD medications, as well as risky and potentially inappropriate prescribing (RPIP) of stimulants, in three groups of veterans with mental illness. METHODS: Using 2021-2022 national VA administrative data, we compared frequency of stimulant and non-stimulant ADHD medication prescriptions using logistic regression between homeless veterans (n = 105,062), veterans in the Department of Housing and Urban Development-VA Supportive Housing (HUD-VASH; n = 33,884), and independently housed (IH) veterans (n = 1,875,083). We also compared indicators of RPIP of stimulants using chi-square tests between the three groups. RESULTS: Adjusted for sociodemographic, clinical, and health care utilization characteristics, homeless veterans were less likely to be prescribed stimulants (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.80, 99 % CI = 0.76-0.85) relative to IH veterans and more likely to be prescribed non-stimulants (aOR = 1.12, CI = 1.06-1.18). However, among veterans prescribed stimulants, homeless veterans had more indicators of RPIP, including being prescribed stimulants in the presence of a psychotic disorder (7.9 % vs. 6.4 % for HUD-VASH vs. 2.2 % for IH, p < .001). CONCLUSION: Homeless veterans with mental illness were less likely to be prescribed stimulants and more likely to be prescribed non-stimulant ADHD medications relative to IH veterans with mental illness. However, RPIP of stimulant prescriptions was more common for homeless and HUD-VASH veterans relative to IH veterans.

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8. Lamas-Aguilar R, Diaz-Ruiz A, Navarro L, Miranda-Ojeda R, de Los Ángeles Martínez-Cárdenas M, Mata-Bermudez A, Rios C. Corrigendum to: Armodafinil as a Potential Pharmacological Treatment for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Adults: A Review. Curr Neuropharmacol;2025;23(14):2004.

The author has identified an error in the department of the authors in the article titled, Armodafinil as a Potential Pharmacological Treatment for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Adults: A Review », published in Current Neuropharmacology, 2024, 22(11), 1899-1908 [1]. Details of the error and a correction are provided here. ORIGINAL RAÚL MIRANDA-OJEDA(3,4) (3)The Mind Project, Office for Equity, Diversity, Inclusion, and Belonging, Harvard University, Smith Campus Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; (4)Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Mexico State, Toluca de Lerdo, Estado de Mexico, Mexico CORRECTED RAÚL MIRANDA-OJEDA(3,4) (3)Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America; (4)Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Av Paseo Tollocan, C. Jesu´s Carranza, Moderna de La Cruz, 50180 Toluca de Lerdo, Mexico Publisher regret the error and apologize to readers.. The original article can be found online at: https://www.benthamscience.com/article/138216.

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9. Liu C, Wong SH, Arbour-Nicitopoulos K, Ho RT, Yang Y, Liang X, Leung A, Cheung JS, Dastamooz S, Sit CH. Effects of physical activity on suicidal ideation and sleep disturbances in adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A randomized controlled trial. J Affect Disord;2026 (Jan 15);393(Pt B):120369.

BACKGROUND: The current study aimed to investigate whether aerobic exercise-based physical activity (PA) intervention can reduce suicidal ideation (SI) and alleviate sleep disturbances in adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS: In this assessor-masked, multicenter, two-group randomized controlled trial, 72 adolescents with ADHD (Meanage = 14.71 ± 1.64 years) were randomly assigned to either the exercise group or the control group. Participants in the exercise group attended a 12-week aerobic exercise-based PA consisting of a 60-min session per week. SI was assessed using a self-report questionnaire, and sleep disturbances were evaluated with a parent-report questionnaire. Assessments were conducted at baseline and at the immediate end of the intervention. RESULTS: Repeated analyses of variance with a 2 (time: Time 0 vs. Time 1) x 2 (group: Exercise group vs. Control group) mixed-model design revealed that participants in the exercise group reported significantly reduced SI (F = 5.68, p = .02, ηp(2) = 0.09) and sleep disturbances (F = 7.11, p = .01, ηp(2) = 0.11). Further analysis suggested that four subdomains of sleep disturbances were significantly decreased, including bedtime resistance (F = 14.61, p < .001, ηp(2) = 0.21), sleep anxiety (F = 6.41, p = .01, ηp(2) = 0.10), night awakenings (F = 6.31, p = .02, ηp(2) = 0.10), and sleep disordered breathing (F = 6.44, p = .01, ηp(2) = 0.10). CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that aerobic exercise-based PA may serve as an alternative or complementary approach to alleviate SI and sleep disturbances in adolescents with ADHD.

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10. Lu R, Deng Y, Qin Y, Lou Y, Zeng H, Tan S, Xu L, Xu G, Lv Y. Alterations in gray matter volume and cortical thickness in medication-naive offspring with ADHD and a parental history of bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord;2026 (Jan 15);393(Pt A):120322.

BACKGROUND: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a high heritability rate mental disorder. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in offspring of individuals with BD may manifest as a prodromal stage of BD and have distinct neuroimaging features compared to typical ADHD. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional involving 101 medication-naive participants aged 8 to 15 years dividing into three groups: BD offspring with ADHD (n = 21), non-BD offspring with ADHD (n = 36), and healthy controls (n = 44). Voxel-based morphometry and Surface-based morphometry methods were used to calculated gray matter volume and cortical thickness of three groups. After conducting the aforementioned analyses, we pooled all ADHD patients into a single cohort and conducted correlation analyses between the SNAP-IV subscale scores and the mean values of differential brain regions. RESULTS: Significant reductions in gray matter volume were observed in BD offspring within the limbic system compared to both other groups. Cortical thickness thinning was found in bilateral precentral gyri, bilateral fusiform gyri, bilateral parahippocampal gyri, bilateral temporal pole in BD offspring compared to both other groups. Non-BD offspring showed decreased cortical thickness in the bilateral precentral gyrus when compared to HCs. The severity of ADHD hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms is negatively correlated with cortical thickness in the precentral gyrus. CONCLUSIONS: Offspring of individuals with BD diagnosed with ADHD exhibit more pronounced brain structural alterations than those with typical ADHD, suggesting these changes may represent the genetic abnormalities underlying bipolar disorder.

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11. Morai C, Scantamburlo G. Vignette clinique de l’étudiant. Le trouble du déficit de l’attention avec hyperactivité chez l’adulte. Rev Med Liege;2026 (Jan);81(1):57-63.

This study explores the clinical presentation, neurobiological basis and therapeutic approaches of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) through the case of an adult who had not previously been diagnosed. Since childhood, the patient presented with symptoms suggestive of mixed ADHD, combining inattention, agitation, impulsivity and addictive comorbidity. Clinical and neuropsychological assessment has documented a typical picture. Recent data from the literature, particularly on the dysregulation of mesocortical and mesolimbic dopaminergic pathways, shed light on the underlying mechanisms. An integrated pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment plan is proposed, tailored to the specific needs of the adult patient.

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12. Raya Ò, Castells X, Ramírez D, López B. Drug grouping learning for improving evidence-based treatment recommendations. Comput Biol Med;2026 (Jan 15);201:111390.

Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are essential tools that facilitate the translation of the growing body of scientific evidence into clinical practice by providing clinicians with evidence-based recommendations. The first step of CPG development is the formulation of a clinical question involving an intervention of interest. For some interventions, the quantity and quality of the available scientific evidence can vary. This can significantly impact the treatment recommendations. In this work, we present a method for formulating clinical questions involving pharmacological interventions by considering groups of drugs with shared characteristics. This work focuses on drug grouping based on the treatment outcomes desired by both patient and clinician in addition to pharmacological features. To that end, a new method has been presented to learn distances among drugs that is personalized by considering the preferences of users, and an ensemble clustering method is designed to identify the most suitable grouping for each query. We demonstrate our approach in the context of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Results demonstrate the feasibility of the approach.

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13. Sibley MH, Graham ED, Holbrook JK, Dvorsky MR, Yeguez CE, Rosier T, Coghill D, Page TF, Fouche R, Demuth J. Demographics, Services, and Practices in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Coaching in the US. JAMA Netw Open;2026 (Jan 2);9(1):e2552407.

IMPORTANCE: Individuals with ADHD face great challenges accessing formal psychosocial treatment. ADHD coaching has rapidly emerged online as a popular and accessible form of grassroots psychosocial support; however, there is a paucity of documentation about this workforce or the safety and effectiveness of its services. OBJECTIVE: To document patterns in the ADHD coaching workforce, including workforce entry dates, services, and coach characteristics. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: The US National Survey on ADHD Coaching was conducted from October 1, 2024, to April 3, 2025, using a purposive electronic survey and snowball sampling. The survey was distributed online and in person to ADHD community hubs, professional listservs, and direct outreach to self-identified ADHD coaches providing care to at least 1 client in the US during the past year. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The ADHD coaching workforce’s characteristics and practices were assessed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: The survey was completed by 481 ADHD coaches. Among 464 coaches who provided age data, the mean (SD) age was 51.3 (11.5) years. Among 467 coaches who provided gender data, 381 (81.6%) identified as women. Most of the ADHD coaching workforce (283 of 465 [60.9%]) began practicing during or after the COVID-19 pandemic, actively received referrals from health care professionals (312 of 481 [64.9%]), and served clients across state lines (389 of 481 [80.9%]). Many practiced internationally (194 [40.3%]). Most participants self-identified as either having or suspecting they have ADHD (338 of 465 [72.7%]), used lived experience with ADHD to inform their services (460 of 465 [98.9%]), and previously received ADHD coaching (207 of 465 [44.5%]). Coaches were typically self-employed (440 of 481 [91.5%]), worked from home (417 of 480 [86.9%]), had no professional license (396 of 466 [85.0%]), and operated without formal clinical supports (420 of 464 [90.5%]). ADHD coaches predominantly offered virtual 1:1 weekly sessions with self-pay fees similar to those of psychotherapists, advertising via social media or other online platforms. While 417 of 467 (89.3%) reported no professional background in mental health, 292 of 467 (62.5%) completed an ADHD coach-led curriculum prior to workforce entry. Most ADHD coaches reported using executive function skills training, cognitive restructuring, and motivational interviewing. They discussed clinical topics such as mental health crises, substance use, trauma, and medication adherence. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The findings of this survey study suggest that there was a spike in ADHD coaching workforce entry at the outset of the COVID-19 pandemic that continues presently. Randomized clinical trials are essential to establish the safety and effectiveness of ADHD coaching. Conditional on positive findings of these trials, the health care and ADHD coaching communities might collaborate to develop standardized educational, credentialing and/or licensing, and clinical oversight.

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14. Wong RS, Zhou Z, Tung KTS, Ho FK, Pell JP, Ip P. Depressive symptoms, overweight/obesity, and ADHD from childhood to adolescence: A cross-cohort study of cultural and timing effects. J Affect Disord;2026 (Jan 15);393(Pt A):120343.

BACKGROUND: Children who are persistently overweight/obese have a higher risk of ADHD symptoms. Comorbid ADHD increases psychosocial challenges that could worsen mental health problems in children with overweight/obesity. This study analyzed data from England and Hong Kong to examine whether, and why, comorbid ADHD and persistent overweight/obesity is associated with depressive symptoms during the transition into adolescence. METHODS: Body mass index and ADHD symptoms were measured in childhood (T1) and early adolescence (T2) on 4340 participants of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) in England and 184 individuals of the Healthy Kids cohort in Hong Kong. Depressive symptoms were also measured at T2. Moderated mediation analysis was conducted to examine whether early (T1 & T2) ADHD accounted for the association between persistent overweight/obesity (T1 & T2) and depressive symptoms at T2. RESULTS: In Hong Kong, risk of depression in adolescence was highest among children with both conditions of early ADHD and persistent overweight/obesity. Also, persistent overweight/obesity was associated with depressive symptoms in adolescence only among children with early ADHD; and this was primarily explained by persistence of ADHD into adolescence (β = 1.66, 95 %CI [0.44, 3.36]). These findings were not replicated in the England cohort. CONCLUSIONS: In some cultural settings, persistent ADHD symptoms have the potential to exacerbate depressive symptoms in adolescence. Early detection and intervention of ADHD symptoms is crucial for promoting long-term mental well-being.

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