Pubmed (TDAH) du 24/01/26
1. Abanoz E, Cicek AU, Ucuz I, Arslan SC, Sari SA, Sireli O. Who Is Most at Risk? Exploring the Prevalence of Psychiatric Comorbidities in Children With Intellectual Disability by Age, Sex, Severity, and Socioeconomic Background. J Appl Res Intellect Disabil. 2026; 39(1): e70185.
BACKGROUND: Data on psychiatric comorbidities in children with intellectual disability (ID) across subgroups remain limited. Thus, we aimed to investigate comorbidity prevalence by age, sex, ID severity, and socioeconomic status. METHODS: This multicentre, cross-sectional study included 1742 children with ID consecutively recruited from child psychiatry outpatient clinics. Participants were assessed using comprehensive psychiatric interviews, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and Clinical Global Impression. RESULTS: Comorbid psychiatric disorders were present in 86.2% of the sample; 24.7% had one, and 61.5% had two or more. The most common diagnoses were ADHD (44.3%), anxiety disorders (40.0%), oppositional defiant disorder (36.7%), and conduct disorder (29.2%). Comorbidity rates were significantly higher in males, adolescents, those with severe ID, and those from higher-income families. Internalising disorders were more common in females; externalising disorders in males and adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest the integration of systematic, developmentally sensitive psychiatric screening into standard clinical care for children with ID. High Prevalence of Psychiatric Comorbidity: 86.2% of children with intellectual disability (ID) had at least one psychiatric comorbid disorder, highlighting that comorbid mental health conditions are the rule rather than the exception in this population. Subgroup Differences Identified: Comorbidity rates significantly varied by age, sex, ID severity, and socioeconomic status—greater in males, adolescents, those with severe ID, and those from higher‐income families. Externalising disorders were more common in males and adolescents, while internalising disorders were more frequent in females. Clinical Implications for Practice: Findings emphasise the need for routine systematic psychiatric screening in children with ID, even in the absence of presenting complaints, and raise awareness of diagnostic overshadowing risks. Contribution to Research: This large‐scale, multicentre study provides detailed subgroup‐specific data, addressing gaps in the literature and offering valuable insights for tailoring mental health services for children with ID. eng.
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2. Adak İ, Özdeniz Varan E, Ekinci Ö, Alpman A, Durmuş Z, Eyüpoğlu N, Karakuş OB, Süzer Gamlı İ. Does Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome Affect the Cognitive Flexibility of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder?. Eurasian J Med. 2025; 57(4): 1-6.
BACKGROUND: Cognitive flexibility (CF) is an ability to adapt to a changing environment, which is a prominent skill in children at school age. ADHD is a common disorder of childhood and can be accompanied by cognitivedisengagement syndrome (CDS, previously referred to as « sluggish cognitive tempo »). This study aimed to assess CDS’s effect on CF in children with ADHD by using neuropsychological tests. METHODS: The study sample consisted of 100 ADHD children aged between 6 and 12 years, including 2groups: 60 ADHD-only and 40 CDS+ADHD. ADHD diagnosis and CDS symptoms in participants wereassessed by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder Fifth Edition Text Revision (DSM-5-TR)based psychiatric interviews and rating scales. The Neuropsychological Battery, consisting of 4 different tests,Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Stroop Color-Word Test, Verbal Fluency Test (VFT), and Color TrailTest, was applied to participants to compare CF of the ADHD-only group to CDS+ADHD. RESULTS: It was found that the CDS+ADHD group showed lower performance than the ADHD-only groupin the WCST and the Semantic Fluency Test-a subtest of the VFT. However, no significant performancedifferences were found between the groups in other tests. CONCLUSION: It was revealed that CDS co-occurrence causes lower CF performance in ADHD-diagnosedchildren. A more comprehensive approach is required to understand the nature of this difficulty. Cite this article as: Adak İ, Varan E., Ekinci ., et al. Does cognitive disengagement syndrome affectthe cognitive flexibility of children with ADHD?Eurasian J Med. 2025, 57(4), 1160, doi: 10.5152/eurasianjmed.2025.251160.
