Pubmed (TDAH) du 25/03/26
1. Ajay S, Bakam A, Tikka SK. Adolescent attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms and adult outcomes: re-look at the threshold of exposure, retrospective labelling and possible social desirability bias in reported outcomes. Br J Psychiatry;2026 (Mar 25):1-2.
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2. Haimov I, Dan O, Eisenstein S, Asraf K, Cohen A. The effects of stimulant medications on the sleepiness curve of young men with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). BMC Psychiatry;2026 (Mar 24)
BACKGROUND: The present study aimed at investigating the effects of sleep deprivation and stimulant medication (methylphenidate and amphetamine) on subjective sleepiness in young adults with ADHD, compared to individuals without ADHD. METHODS: Fifty-nine young men (age 18-35) of whom 39 were diagnosed with ADHD combined type (ADHD-C) and 20 without ADHD. The participants’ sleep was monitored for 5 days via actigraphy. Subsequently, the participants were kept continuously awake in a controlled environment for 25 h (8amtill 9am the next day). Among the ADHD group, 17 participants were medicated with their regular doses of methylphenidate (n = 13) or amphetamine (n = 4) at the start of the experiment (08:00 AM) and again at midnight (00:00), while 22 were unmedicated throughout the study. The sleepiness of the participants was assessed every hour by the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) in order to obtain the sleepiness curve of both study groups. RESULTS: Unmedicated ADHD participants reported significantly higher sleepiness throughout the protocol, especially during nighttime and early morning hours. At the end of the 25-hour wakefulness period, their KSS scores were significantly higher than both the control and medicated ADHD groups. No significant difference was found between the medicated ADHD group and controls. Additionally, 88.2% of unmedicated ADHD participants scored above 7 on the KSS (indicating extreme sleepiness), compared to 55% in controls and 36.9% in the medicated ADHD group. CONCLUSIONS: Young adults with ADHD exhibit heightened vulnerability to sleep deprivation, reflected in elevated subjective sleepiness. Stimulant medications effectively attenuate sleepiness in ADHD participants, aligning their alertness levels with those of neurotypical controls. These findings support models of ADHD involving arousal dysregulation and highlight the dual therapeutic role of stimulants in managing both attentional deficits and sleep-related impairments. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.
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3. Ophir Y, Shir-Raz Y, Tikochinski R. Four decades of ADHD: a systematic AI-assisted analysis of conceptual shifts across six DSM editions. Front Psychiatry;2026;17:1792051.
BACKGROUND: Considering the central role of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) in psychiatric classification, multiple studies have examined how it describes Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) – one of the most common psychiatric diagnoses. However, despite analyzing the same DSM texts, these studies yielded conflicting conclusions, likely influenced by the subjectivity of qualitative research and the challenge of systematically tracking subtle changes in large textual corpora. This study addresses these limitations by providing the first systematic, Artificial Intelligence (AI)-assisted analysis of all ADHD-related texts across six DSM editions (DSM-III to DSM-5-TR). METHODS: The analysis employed two AI models (GPT-4o and Claude 3.5 Sonnet) and followed five structured steps: (A) preliminary human review, (B) AI-assisted comparative analysis, (C) refinement through AI self-prompting to detect subtle linguistic changes, such as tone and diagnostic uncertainties, (D) thematic synthesis by each model, and (E) cross-model validation. Strict adherence to DSM texts ensured all findings were grounded in verifiable textual evidence. RESULTS: The analysis identified six overarching trends (1): a shift from a behavioral disorder to a neurodevelopmental framework (2), expansion to a lifespan condition across genders, (3) a broadening concept of impairment, (4) increasing diagnostic flexibility, (5) an expanding scope of comorbidities and differential diagnoses, and (6) growing acknowledgment of cultural and contextual influences. CONCLUSIONS: The six overarching shifts alongside the detailed systematic analysis results (Supplementary Materials) provide a transparent and replicable reference point for how ADHD has been described and classified in the DSM over four decades. Additionally, the innovative methodology can improve reliability of future research into complex psychiatric discourse.
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4. Sari M, İmrek Y, Tufan AE. Co-occurring anxiety disorders and cognitive performance in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A retrospective chart review. Appl Neuropsychol Child;2026 (Mar 25):1-8.
OBJECTIVE: Prior findings on anxiety comorbidity and cognition in youth with ADHD are mixed. We tested whether co-occurring anxiety disorders relate to differences in selected cognitive outcomes. METHODS: Retrospective chart review of 175 treatment-naïve patients aged 6-18 years with primary ADHD (ADHD-only n = 114; ADHD+anxiety n = 61) evaluated 2020-2025 in Turkey. Anxiety disorders (GAD, separation anxiety, social or specific phobia) were diagnosed clinically (DSM-5) and supported by K-SADS-PL screening. Outcomes were grade-standardized oral reading speed, Trail Making Test (TMT) A/B time and errors, and WISC-R full-scale, verbal, and performance IQ. Group differences were tested with (M)ANCOVA adjusting for age; Holm-Bonferroni controlled family-wise error. RESULTS: The ADHD+anxiety group was older and had higher clinician-rated global severity (CGI-S). After age adjustment and correction, no group differences were observed in reading speed or TMT outcomes. Verbal IQ was nominally higher in the comorbid group but did not remain significant after correction. CONCLUSIONS: In this clinic-based sample, anxiety comorbidity was not associated with poorer processing speed or cognitive flexibility on this battery.
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5. Xu S, Zhou H. Dissecting the shared genetic architecture of ADHD and substance use disorders: Promising leads and persistent challenges. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol;2026 (Mar 23);109:112823.
