1. Aguado-Rivas R, Checa-Ros A, Fernández-López L, Tortosa-Pinto P, González-Villén R, Contreras-Chova F, Fernández-Ibañez A, Molina-Carballo A. Steroid/thyroid hormones and inflammatory markers in adolescents with ADHD: comparisons with healthy controls and modifications by methylphenidate. Psychiatry Res;2026 (Mar 20);360:117111.

BACKGROUND: Increasing evidence suggests that neuroendocrine and inflammatory mechanisms may contribute to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) pathophysiology, although findings in adolescents and the effects of methylphenidate (MPH) remain limited. OBJECTIVE: To quantify the baseline profile of activating hormones and levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and their changes after treatment with methylphenidate (MPH) in adolescents with ADHD, in comparison with controls. METHODS: Eighty-one adolescents (40 with ADHD and 41 healthy controls) were evaluated. Morning serum concentrations of cortisol, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), S100B, and seven cytokines were measured. Patients with ADHD were reassessed after approximately four months of MPH treatment. Analyses considered ADHD presentation and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms. Multivariable regression models were used to adjust biomarker associations for demographic and clinical variables. RESULTS: Adolescents with ADHD showed significantly lower morning cortisol concentrations than controls. Several pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-13) were increased, particularly in males, whereas TNF-α and S100B did not differ between groups. Multivariable analyses confirmed independent associations between lower cortisol and higher cytokine levels with ADHD. TSH and DHEAS showed minor variations related to ODD symptoms but no consistent differences between ADHD presentations. MPH treatment improved clinical symptoms but produced no significant overall changes in hormonal or cytokine profiles CONCLUSION: Adolescents with ADHD exhibit an altered immune-hormonal profile characterized by reduced cortisol and increased circulating cytokines. These alterations appear largely independent of demographic and clinical confounders and only minimally influenced by short-term MPH treatment, suggesting persistent neuroendocrine-immune dysregulation during adolescence.

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

2. Burgerhout KM, Hoekstra N, van Ravesteyn LM, Lucassen P, Carpentier PB. [ADHD in adults: more questions for the general practitioner]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd;2026 (Mar 26);170

The diagnosis of ADHD remains shrouded in controversy, resulting in alarming reports in (social) media. Danger of underdiagnosis, risk of overdiagnosis, and medicalization of social problems are all mentioned. The diagnostic uncertainty is largely due to the non-specific nature of ADHD symptoms. Yet, an ADHD diagnosis is more than an excuse: its chronic nature makes it a disabling condition when appropriate treatment is not provided. In most cases the general practitioner decides who is referred for further diagnosis; the controversial reporting can contribute to doubt and reluctance. The task in referring, however, is not to make a diagnosis, but to recognize the likelihood of psychiatric problems. This is done by inquiring about the presence and severity of symptoms and the existence of resulting distress. Knowledge of the context (such as work and living situation, family composition) and the patient’s life history helps in distinguishing between temporary overload and chronic dysfunction.

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

3. Cary E, Arnold E. Selecting and delivering effective interventions to youth with ADHD: The role of nursing. Evid Based Nurs;2026 (Mar 26);29(2):84.

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

4. Childress A, Cutler AJ, Adler LA, Fry N, Asubonteng K, Maldonado-Cruz Z, Formella A, Rubin J. Correction: An Open‑Label Extension Study Assessing the Long‑Term Safety and Efficacy of Viloxazine Extended‑Release Capsules in Adults with Attention‑Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. CNS Drugs;2026 (Mar 26)

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

5. Cole-Olsen AM, Gaye F, Obi JO, Padron CJ, Kofler MJ. Neurocognitive and behavioral predictors of the simple view of reading in clinically evaluated children with and without ADHD. Neuropsychology;2026 (Mar 26)

OBJECTIVE: Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often exhibit difficulties across multiple reading domains. The « simple view of reading » model posits that reading comprehension skills-both for children with and without ADHD-can be understood by skills in two components: decoding and language comprehension. At the same time, research suggests that weaknesses in neurocognitive abilities, along with behavioral symptoms of ADHD, are closely linked to reading difficulties in this population. However, the most parsimonious set of neurocognitive and behavioral predictors of reading comprehension, and the pathways through which associations are conveyed, remains unclear. METHOD: The present study employed structural equation modeling to comprehensively examine neurocognitive and behavioral predictors of reading skills in a clinically evaluated sample of 396 children with and without ADHD (M(age) = 10.26, SD = 1.39; 172 girls; 68.9% White not Hispanic or Latino). RESULTS: Results revealed that working memory and fluid intelligence were the strongest neurocognitive predictors of reading skills and inattention and hyperactive/impulsive symptoms each predicted reading in the behavioral model. Consistent with the simple view of reading, associations between neurocognitive or behavioral predictors and reading comprehension were conveyed via decoding and language comprehension. When examining neurocognitive and behavioral predictors together, working memory and fluid intelligence predicted ADHD symptoms and reading skills, whereas ADHD symptoms no longer predicted reading skills, suggesting that neurocognitive weaknesses may help explain the link between inattention and reading. CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the role of neurocognitive weaknesses for comprehensively understanding reading difficulties in clinically evaluated children with and without ADHD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

6. Cundari M, Kanold L, Bergwall D, Vestberg S, Hansson A, Kirchhoff L, Gustafsson P, Rasmussen A. Psychostimulant Effects on Motor and Cognitive Function in Adults Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Int J Neuropsychopharmacol;2026 (Mar 26)

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to compare the performance on motor and cognitive functions of adult patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with or without psychostimulant medication, and controls. A secondary objective is to investigate differences on test performance across varying levels of disorder severity. METHODS: We included patients with unmedicated ADHD (n=52), patients with ADHD treated with psychostimulants (n=40), and controls (n=80). A multimodal set of motor and cognitive tests was administered to evaluate cerebellar and motor functions, attention and processing speed, executive functions, visuospatial perception, and visuospatial abilities. RESULTS: Both patient groups performed significantly worse than controls across all functions. No significant performance differences were observed between the medicated and unmedicated ADHD groups when disorder severity was not considered. However, some differences emerged when stratified by disorder severity. Patients with moderate to severe unmedicated ADHD showed more impairments in sensorimotor functions compared to the medicated ADHD, while those with mild unmedicated ADHD displayed lower scores on visuospatial perception compared to medicated ADHD. Regression analysis indicated that education, anxiety, and sleep disturbances minimally affect test performance. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, psychostimulant medication did not show consistent overall differences in motor and cognitive performance among adults with ADHD. Importantly, when stratifying by disorder severity, some group-level differences emerged, underscoring the need to account for disorder severity in future research and clinical assessment.

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

7. Das T, Pathak H, Chaurasia U, Singh KK. 3D ADHD-Net and DeepTrace: Decoding ADHD from EEG with neurophysiological insights. Appl Neuropsychol Child;2026 (Mar 26):1-23.

EEG-based ADHD diagnosis models suffer from two persistent issues: data leakage and the lack of physiologically grounded interpretability, limiting clinical adoption. To address these, this paper presents 3D ADHD-Net and DeepTrace. Unlike established 1D and 2D studies, 3D ADHD-Net is a topology-aware spatiotemporal model that preserves scalp geometry by projecting raw EEG onto a grid, preventing spatial information loss. DeepTrace is a novel explainability framework that traces diagnostic information from latent representations back to input electrode space using balanced sign-aligned ensemble Spearman correlation. All experiments utilized strict subject-independent 5-fold cross-validation, explicitly mitigating epoch-level, preprocessing, and optimization leakage. Using a public pediatric EEG dataset (61 ADHD, 60 controls), the framework achieved 84.23% mean accuracy and 91.20% fold-averaged ROC-AUC, significantly outperforming replicated baselines (p < 0.05), which suffered substantial performance collapses under the same rigorous evaluation. Importantly, DeepTrace identified a consistent fronto-central hypoactivation signature, which was causally validated via phenotype induction and rescue perturbation experiments, confirming reliance on established neurophysiological biomarkers rather than gradient-based artifacts. This study demonstrates that diagnostic performance and interpretability need not be competing objectives, and that physiologically faithful attribution can be integrated into deep learning pipelines for developing clinically trustworthy EEG-based ADHD assessment support systems.

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

8. Fujiwara H, Nakagawasai O, Suzuki S, Tajima H, Takahashi K, Onogi H, Sakuma W, Tan-No K, Murata K. Corrigendum to « STAM1-deficient mice exhibit an attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-like phenotype » [Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 799 (2026) 153264]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun;2026 (Mar 26);806:153497.

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

9. Gonçalves Júnior P, Silva I, Magno MB, Maia LC, Pithon MM, Coqueiro RDS. Do Children and Adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Use Screens More? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Compr Child Adolesc Nurs;2026 (Mar 26):1-24.

BACKGROUND: Our aim in conducting this review was to investigate whether children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) exhibit differences in screen time when compared to children and adolescents with typical development. METHOD: The study protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database. Databases and gray literature were screened. Studies that compared screen time between children and adolescents with ADHD and those with typical development were included and critically evaluated with the Joanna Briggs Institute tools. Meta-analyses were performed considering screen time ≥2 hours/day or its mean (hours/day). The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was applied for evaluating the certainty of the evidence. Twenty-two studies were included. RESULTS: In total, 235 283 children and adolescents of both sexes were evaluated. ADHD was diagnosed clinically or based on caregiver reporting, and different screen types were reported. With a low and very low certainty of evidence, children and adolescents with ADHD were more likely to spend ≥2 hours/day during the week with computers and screens in general and had a higher mean screen time (p < .05). ADHD medication did not seem to influence these results. CONCLUSIONS: Children and adolescents with ADHD spent more time during weekdays using screens and were therefore more likely to exhibit excessive screen and computer use.

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

10. Goodwin A, Jones EJ, Charman T, Begum-Ali J, Pasco G, Mason L, Holman R, Salomone S, Hendry A, Bazelmans T, Smith TJ, Sonuga-Barke EJ, Bolton P, Wass S, Pickles A, Johnson MH. Randomised Controlled Trial of Gaze-Based Attention Training Intervention for Infants With a Family History of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Follow-up Outcomes at 2 and 3 Years. J Atten Disord;2026 (Mar 26):10870547261428660.

OBJECTIVE: A previous randomised controlled trial of a computerised gaze-contingent attention training for 9-to-16-month infants with a family history of ADHD (intervention, n = 20; control, n = 23) found no endpoint differences on the primary outcome (an eye-tracking composite score of infant attention) nor on secondary outcomes (parent and observer ratings of infant attention in naturalistic contexts). METHOD: Here, we report follow-up at age 2 and 3 years to examine whether there are longer-term effects of the training. The pre-specified primary outcome was parent-reported early ADHD traits. Secondary outcomes included parent-report of inhibitory control and attention; researcher-rated observational measures of attentiveness, activity level and inhibition; and eye-tracking measures of cognitive control, attention disengagement and sustained attention. RESULTS: At follow-up there was no intervention effect on the primary outcome parent-rated ADHD behaviours (effect size [ES] -0.28, 95% CIs -0.95 to 0.39). Secondary parent- and researcher-rated child behaviour and eye-tracking attention outcomes also did not significantly differ between the groups. The largest positive, albeit non-significant, effects were for the secondary outcomes parent-rated inhibitory control (ES = 0.42 (95% CIs -0.09 to 0.94) and the composite eye-tracking measure (ES = 0.40 (95% CIs -0.15 to 0.95). CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate the feasibility of conducting experimental trials targeting early emerging ADHD characteristics in infancy. The intervention did not lead to significant differences in parent- or researcher-rated early ADHD behaviours or eye-tracking measures of attention control. However, the trend for long-term effects on CBQ inhibition, the attention composite and sustained attention justifies further interest. Further development and modification of the attention training may be necessary to test whether the approach holds promise as a potential pre-emptive intervention for infants with an elevated likelihood of ADHD.

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

11. Lakshmi R, Balasubramanian V. Optimized Complex-Valued Spatio-Temporal Graph Convolutional Networks for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder detection in pediatric EEG signals. Comput Biol Med;2026 (Mar 24);207:111625.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition affecting mood, anxiety, learning, and sleep. Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals assist diagnosis, but challenges include complexity, nonlinearity, non-stationarity, overlapping patterns, and limited feature interpretability. To address these issues, Optimized Complex-Valued Spatio-Temporal Graph Convolutional Networks for ADHD Detection in Pediatric EEG Signals (c) is proposed. Input signals are collected from an EEG dataset for ADHD and an EEG dataset of children with Learning Disabilities (LD). Preprocessing is performed using a Multi-Window Savitzky-Golay Filter (MWSGF) to remove noise and artifacts, followed by the Synchro Transient Extracting Transform (STET) for extracting EEG channel features. These features are input into a Complex-Valued Spatio-Temporal Graph Convolutional Network (CSTGCN), classifying signals into ADHD or No-ADHD, and LD or No-LD. Red-Billed Blue Magpie Optimization Algorithm (RBBMO) is employed to optimize the network weights. Implemented in Python, the proposed CSTGCN-ADHD-EEG framework achieves 99.46% accuracy and 98.32% precision, outperforming existing models.

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

12. McTaggart J, Thorell LB, Borg Skoglund C, Envall N, Kopp Kallner H. « Controlled by Female Hormones »: A Qualitative Interview Study of Swedish Women’s Experiences of Gender-Specific Aspects of Life With ADHD. J Atten Disord;2026 (Mar 26):10870547261427555.

OBJECTIVE: There is limited knowledge about how female specific factors such as fluctuating sex hormones influence symptom display and health-related conditions that are unique to, or more prevalent in females with ADHD. This study aims to investigate how women of reproductive age with ADHD experience their ADHD symptoms and well-being in relation to hormonal fluctuations, and secondly, how they perceive hormonal and reproductive counseling in healthcare. METHOD: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 women with ADHD and analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS: Three main themes emerged from the analysis; (1) Controlled by female hormones, (2) Frustration with lack of knowledge/understanding, and (3) Living with ADHD and comorbidities. Many women have experienced challenges and fluctuations related to hormonal changes during their menstrual cycles and in different stages of life. Using hormones to stabilize mood and impulsivity and adjusting stimulant doses were suggested as potential solutions. Participants expressed frustration about the lack of knowledge, interest, and understanding from healthcare professionals regarding ADHD and how hormones influenced symptoms of ADHD and comorbidities in women. CONCLUSION: This qualitative study highlights the impact of cyclical hormonal fluctuations on daily functioning across the menstrual cycle. Specifically, participants reported cyclic patterns of high energy and productivity related to ovulation followed by low energy and difficulty managing tasks in the premenstrual week. This aligns with clinical experience, anecdotal evidence, and limited literature that suggest that women with ADHD may be particularly vulnerable to hormonal fluctuations. Our findings suggest that especially the premenstrual phase is a challenging time for women with ADHD. Our results emphasize the need for healthcare professionals to improve their understanding of the role sex hormones and the menstrual cycle play in female ADHD. The potential effect of adjusting ADHD medication dosage and introducing hormonal treatment for premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) in women with ADHD should be further explored.

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

13. Merscher J, Retz W, Turner D, Retz-Junginger P, Barra S. Risk and resilience: adverse and positive childhood experiences and aggression in adults with and without ADHD. Front Psychiatry;2026;17:1759667.

BACKGROUND: Identifying risk and protective factors for aggressive behavior is central to effective violence prevention and public safety. In forensic psychiatry, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is common among offenders and is linked to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on the one hand and increased aggression on the other hand. Yet, the mechanisms connecting these factors remain insufficiently understood. Evidence on the protective potential of positive childhood experiences (PCEs), particularly when considered alongside ACEs, is also limited. METHODS: Guided by resilience theory and a compensatory resilience model, this study analyzed the dynamics among self-reported ACEs, PCEs, and current aggression in an ADHD subsample (n = 154) and a non-ADHD population (n = 205) using hierarchical linear regression analyses. RESULTS: Compared with the non-ADHD group, adults with ADHD reported higher ACE loads, lower PCE scores, and greater aggressive tendencies. In both subsamples, ACEs significantly predicted higher aggression. Among individuals without ADHD, PCEs demonstrated an independent protective association with aggression after adjusting for ACEs and attenuated the ACE-aggression association. This compensatory effect of PCEs was not observed in the ADHD group. Overall, the harmful influence of ACEs on adult aggression appeared to outweigh any mitigating role of PCEs, particularly among individuals with ADHD. CONCLUSION: ACEs emerged as a robust correlate of current aggression in adults with and without ADHD, underscoring the need to systematically integrate developmental adversity into forensic risk assessment. For individuals with ADHD, violence prevention and public safety strategies may particularly benefit from early prevention and reduction of childhood adversity, trauma-focused interventions where indicated, and evidence-based ADHD treatment to limit the impact of ADHD-related impairments on dynamic aggression-related risk factors. For individuals without ADHD, prevention and rehabilitation efforts may be strengthened by simultaneously reducing ACEs and actively promoting PCEs as resilience-enhancing conditions.

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

14. Mohamed Elashram RE, Bashshar A, El-Fiky M, Mousa MMA. Differences in Social Anxiety and Friendship Quality Among Adolescents With ADHD and Their Typically Developing Peers. J Atten Disord;2026 (Mar 26):10870547261425722.

OBJECTIVE: This study examined differences in social anxiety and friendship quality between Egyptian adolescents diagnosed with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and their typically developing (TD) peers. It further investigated gender differences within the ADHD group and examined whether participant group (ADHD vs. TD) moderates the direction and strength of this relationship. METHODS: The sample included 383 adolescents aged 13-17 years (M = 15.03, SD = 1.44), comprising 173 adolescents diagnosed with ADHD and 210 TD peers. Using a comparative descriptive design, participants completed two culturally adapted measures assessing social anxiety and friendship quality. RESULTS: Results indicated that the participant group did not significantly moderate the association between social anxiety and friendship quality. Adolescents with ADHD reported higher social anxiety and lower friendship quality than TD peers. No gender differences emerged for social anxiety; however, girls with ADHD reported higher friendship quality than boys, particularly in the domains of support, closeness, and conflict resolution. CONCLUSION: These findings highlight the presence of significant social-emotional challenges among Egyptian adolescents with ADHD and suggest the importance of future research to determine whether culturally adapted interventions would enhance treatment outcomes compared to standard evidence-based approaches in this population.

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

15. Patel B, Tyrka A, Lewis-de Los Angeles W. The Relationship Between ADHD Symptom Severity and Sleep Disturbance Using Accelerometer and the Subjective Sleep Disturbance Scale. J Atten Disord;2026 (Mar 26):10870547261421667.

OBJECTIVE: There is limited evidence regarding the relationship between the severity of ADHD symptoms and the level of sleep disruption in early adolescent children. This study aimed to better understand this relationship by studying early adolescents from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study at the 2-year follow-up visit (mean age 12.0, n = 4,414). METHODS: The « Attention Problems » scale of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) was used to measure the severity of ADHD symptoms for study participants. Sleep was assessed both subjectively with the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC) via parent report and objectively by wrist-worn accelerometer assessment of sleep duration. RESULTS: Total sleep disturbance showed a moderate positive correlation with ADHD symptoms (r = .41, p < .001). In contrast, there was only a very small negative correlation between accelerometer-measured sleep duration and ADHD symptoms (r = -.05, p < .001). Multivariate linear regression with total SDSC score as the dependent variable, adjusting for demographics, medication use, and puberty stage, showed a positive association of ADHD symptoms with total SDSC score (β = .41, 95% CI [0.38-0.44]; p < .001). A longitudinal linear mixed-effects model analysis with total SDSC score as the dependent variable also showed a positive association with ADHD symptoms with total SDSC score (β = .34, 95% CI [0.32-0.35]; p < .001). In contrast, multivariate linear regression with total sleep duration (in minutes) as the dependent variable showed only a very small negative association (β = -.03, 95% CI [-0.0-0.00]; p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that increased severity of ADHD symptoms is associated with worse sleep disturbance as measured by subjective parent reports; however, there is a very weak relationship between ADHD symptoms and objectively measured total sleep duration. The contrasting results are consistent with prior literature, and could be due to unmeasured variables such as deep sleep percentage or non-REM EEG delta wave power that are not captured by actigraphy. Alternatively, there is the possibility of mono-informant bias, as both the CBCL and SDSC are parent-reported, and parents may perceive relationship between worse ADHD symptoms and worse sleep disturbances, though the difference is objectively negligible.

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

16. Rafael RB, Jia H, Rouel M, Wootton BM, Mitchison D. Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)-Related Strengths in Adults: A Scoping Review. J Atten Disord;2026 (Mar 26):10870547261425737.

OBJECTIVES: Increasingly, people with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), their clinicians, and others have called for strengths-based approaches in the understanding of ADHD. A comprehensive and systematic review of ADHD-related strengths has not previously been published. Therefore, this study aimed to conduct a scoping review to determine the extent and type of empirical qualitative and quantitative research about strengths that may be related to ADHD in adults. METHODS: MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and Scopus were searched for published research. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global, PsyArXiv, and other websites were searched for unpublished studies or grey literature. RESULTS: A total of 125 studies were included (61 qualitative studies, 59 quantitative studies, 5 mixed methods studies). Most studies examined ADHD-related strengths a-priori (n = 88; 70%). The majority studied ADHD strengths or experiences in general terms (n = 68; 54%), rather than focussing on a specific strength or characteristic. It was observed that typical ADHD characteristics were sometimes perceived or redefined as strengths: interest-based attention or positive differences in attentional ability (n = 52; 42%), energy or positive differences in activity levels (n = 33; 26%), and adaptive risk-taking or positive aspects of impulsivity (n = 19; 15%). Other strengths identified across studies included: creativity (n = 82; 66%), prosocial attributes (n = 39; 31%), entrepreneurship (n = 14; 11%), resilience (n = 16; 13%), flexibility (n = 14; 11%), uniqueness (n = 16; 13%), and other characteristics (n = 24; 19%). CONCLUSIONS: Further research will help mental health professionals support people with ADHD through their challenges while helping them develop and utilise their strengths in contexts where they are most likely to flourish.Pre-registration:https://osf.io/43nd9.

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

17. Roush K. Researchers develop an online platform to help clinicians and people with ADHD. Am J Nurs;2026 (Apr 1);126(4):18.

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

18. Sarid M, Klemer A, Gal C, Ryder CH. The Role of Statistics Anxiety and Attitudes in Statistical Literacy Among Students With Learning Disabilities and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. J Learn Disabil;2026 (Mar 26):222194261420168.

Statistical literacy is widely regarded as a core competency for academic achievement and informed decision-making across disciplines. However, many students experience elevated statistics anxiety and hold negative attitudes toward statistics, which can hinder their learning outcomes. The purpose of this study was to investigate differences between students with and without learning disabilities (SLD) and/or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in statistics anxiety, attitudes toward statistics, and statistical literacy, and to examine the mediating role of attitudes in the relationship between statistics anxiety and statistical literacy. A total of 405 higher education students participated: 44 students with SLD/ADHD, 50 students with only-ADHD, and 311 without SLD/ADHD. Participants completed the Hebrew statistical anxiety rating scale and a statistical literacy assessment. Results showed that students with SLD/ADHD experienced higher levels of statistics anxiety and less favorable attitudes toward statistics compared to students without SLD/ADHD. Computational self-concept emerged as a significant mediator between test and class anxiety-a component of statistics anxiety-and statistical literacy for students with SLD/ADHD. The study highlights the importance of addressing both attitudinal and anxiety factors in statistics education for students with SLD/ADHD, as well as the need for targeted interventions to foster statistical literacy in higher education.

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

19. Schuurmans L, Schöttle D, Reif A, Kahl KG, Moritz S, Karow A, Lambert M, Betzler F, Philipsen A, Baumeister A. Efficacy of the digital health application ORIKO(Ⓡ) for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults: Protocol of a randomized controlled trial. MethodsX;2026 (Jun);16:103850.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often continues into adulthood and affects several million adults in Germany. Many do not receive timely, evidence-based treatment because of long waiting times and limited access to care. Digital health applications offer a low-threshold option to provide guideline-based support. A pilot study of the present app-based program showed encouraging improvements in quality of life and reductions in ADHD symptom severity. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) aims to confirm and extend the pilot findings. The primary objective is to examine whether the digital intervention improves quality of life in adults with ADHD. Further outcomes include changes in ADHD symptoms, functional impairment, depressive and anxiety symptoms, substance use, general health, health literacy, medication adherence, and user satisfaction. A total of 380 adults with verified ADHD will be recruited online and via a university hospital. After informed consent and baseline assessment, participants will be randomized 1:1 to immediate access to a 12-week digital unguided program or to care as usual (CAU). Self-report assessments will take place at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks. Mixed models for repeated measures will be used for the primary analyses, complemented by intention-to-treat and complete-case approaches. The trial will test the robustness of the previous pilot results and provide evidence on the clinical value of a scalable digital intervention for adult ADHD.

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

20. Soldati L, Deiber MP, Hasler R, Meuleman B, Desseilles M, Perroud N. Paraphilias and paraphilic disorders in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: an observational study. J Psychiatr Res;2026 (Mar 26);198:182-187.

Individuals with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are more likely than the general population to exhibit increased sexual desire and to engage in risky sexual behaviors. Emerging evidence also links ADHD to a heightened risk of sexual offenses and recidivism. While certain paraphilias and paraphilic disorders are known risk factors for sexual offending, it remains unclear whether they are more prevalent in individuals with ADHD than in the general population. This preliminary study investigated the prevalence of paraphilias and paraphilic disorders among 50 adults with ADHD and 136 control subjects. Paraphilic disorders tended to be more prevalent among individuals with ADHD than among control subjects. Although several differences did not reach statistical significance, voyeurism, voyeuristic disorder, exhibitionism, sadism, and pedophilic disorder were more frequently observed in the ADHD group than in controls. The pattern of increased prevalence of paraphilic disorders suggests greater psychological distress related to paraphilic interests among individuals with ADHD. The increased occurrence of voyeurism, sadism, and exhibitionism-particularly among men-raises concerns about a potential risk of sexual offending. Clinically, it is essential to distinguish between individuals with ADHD and paraphilic interests who present no risk of sexual offending and those who may pose such a risk. For the former, clinicians should be trained to evaluate and discuss paraphilic interests sensitively to promote sexual health; when paraphilias cause psychological distress, psychotherapeutic support should be provided. For the latter, when a non-negligible risk is identified, targeted psychotherapeutic and/or psychopharmacological interventions should be implemented.

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

21. Svedell LA, Holmqvist KL, Msghina M, Lindvall MA. Physical exercise and body awareness/movement quality in adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Results from the START randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Med;2026 (Mar 26);98:103372.

BACKGROUND: Adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often experience difficulties regulating emotions and balancing activity and rest. Impairments such as motor skills challenges and reduced body awareness, including interpretation of sensory signals and attitudes toward the body, often receive little clinical attention despite their potential negative impact on daily functioning and health. The START intervention is a 12-week structured exercise program that combines regular physical exercise with mindful attention to the body during movement. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the START intervention on body awareness and movement quality in adults with ADHD. METHODS: In this randomized controlled trial, 63 adults with ADHD were assessed for body awareness and movement quality before and after a 12-week intervention or treatment-as-usual control period using the Body Awareness Scale – Movement Quality and Experience. RESULTS: Thirty-nine participants completed the study (26 intervention/13 control). Participants in the intervention group showed significantly greater improvement in body awareness compared to the control group, both in total score and in subscales for muscular tension and physical activity. Movement quality improved significantly within the intervention group, although no significant between-group differences were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Structured physical exercise with mindful attention to the body enhanced body awareness in adults with ADHD compared to standard care. Effects on movement quality were not statistically different between groups and therefore remain uncertain. These findings suggest that such exercise may be a useful complement to conventional treatments and may support a healthier relationship with the body.

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

22. Torres AP, Toplak ME. Metacognitive Ratings on Cognitive Tasks: Task Difficulty and Effort Rating Differences in Children With ADHD and Neurotypical Children. J Atten Disord;2026 (Mar 26):10870547261428879.

OBJECTIVE: The role of metacognitive monitoring, or the subjective evaluation of performance during cognitive tasks, has been less well studied in children with ADHD compared to accuracy or performance on these tasks. Given that children with ADHD often display lower performance on cognitive tasks, particularly those involving executive attention and control, we examined whether metacognitive monitoring differed between children with ADHD and neurotypical children. METHOD: Eighty children aged 8-12 years (38 with ADHD, 42 neurotypical) completed a battery of cognitive tasks, including measures of intelligence, executive functioning (set-shifting and interference control), and an unstructured performance task (UPT). After each task, participants provided ratings of task difficulty and effort (how hard they tried). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Children with ADHD reported overall lower effort across cognitive tasks compared to neurotypical children; however, no group differences were found on task difficulty ratings. Metacognitive ratings of effort were significantly associated across performance tasks, suggesting that the degree of trying may reflect a trait-level factor. Ratings of task difficulty were generally weakly associated, suggesting ratings are influenced by task-specific factors. Metacognitive ratings of effort and task difficulty were not correlated, and these ratings were also distinct from task performance, with generally weak, non-significant associations. Metacognitive ratings of effort, not ratings of task difficulty, predict difficulties experienced by children with ADHD, beyond what is captured by performance on these tasks alone.

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

23. Umar TP, Putra AW, Mahendika D, Stella MM, Tandarto K. Screen time in preschool-aged children and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder-related behaviors: A literature review. World J Clin Pediatr;2026 (Mar 9);15(1):111652.

In this digital era, excessive screen usage has been reported to worsen the symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. However, this connection is found to be bidirectional, with both phenomena impacting each other. The current literature review will summarize some research findings on the correlation between screen time and ADHD-related behaviors. Studies have found that the inattentional and hyperactive/impulsive behaviors of ADHD are positively correlated with screen time. One study showed statistically significant longitudinal correlations between screen time at age three and inattention behaviors and hyperactivity/impulsivity behaviors at age four, but no concurrent association between screen time and either of these behaviors or scores at age three. Crucially, screen usage beyond the two-hours mark was linked to a higher risk of externalizing morbidity that is clinically significant, particularly inattention issues. Meanwhile, screen usage can exacerbate the symptoms of ADHD in children, including aggression, negative emotions, and pressure from life events, according to a summary of pertinent studies.

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

24. Zeng L, Ji Z, Gong X, Wang H, Jin Y, Guo J, Xue J, Su X, Liu Q, Han G, Chen S, Lin P, Huang Z, He A, Zhao L, Li X, Liu J. Resilience and coping styles mediate the associations of autistic and ADHD traits with internet addiction in general adolescents. Sci Rep;2026 (Mar 26)

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)

25. Zhu Y, Chen D, Chen W. A narrative review on the psychological mechanisms and efficacy of music interventions for improving symptoms of patients with ADHD. Front Psychol;2026;17:1726801.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to review the research progress on the use of music interventions for improving symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and to clarify its potential mechanisms and clinical value. METHOD: Using the keywords « music interventions » and « ADHD, » we systematically surveyed empirical studies published in the past decade and summarized evidence from four domains: neuro-mechanisms, attention, impulse control, and emotion regulation. RESULTS: Music interventions enhances sustained attention, reduces hyperactive and impulsive behaviors, and alleviates negative emotions such as anxiety and irritability by activating reward pathways, increasing inter-hemispheric brain synchrony, and modulating dopaminergic and noradrenergic function. Both active instrumental performance and passive music listening produce benefits, and combined use with cognitive-behavioral therapy can further improve efficacy. CONCLUSION: As a safe, low-side-effect, and highly acceptable non-pharmacological approach, music interventions can effectively relieve core ADHD symptoms. Future studies should establish standardized and individualized protocols through large-sample randomized controlled trials to facilitate clinical translation.

Lien vers le texte intégral (Open Access ou abonnement)