1. Isorna M, Liñares D, Gómez P, Villanueva-Blasco VJ, Rial-Boubeta A. Internet Habits, Problematic Internet Use, and Online Risk Practices Among Adolescents With ADHD in Spain. Psicothema. 2026; 38(2): 91-100.

BACKGROUND: In recent years, there has been growing scientific concern about digital habits, online risk practices and problematic internet use (PIU) among adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This exploratory study aims to compare: (1) internet use habits; (2) PIU; and (3) online risk practices (i.e., active and passive sexting, sextortion, pornography consumption, online gambling, and contact with strangers) among adolescents with and without ADHD. METHOD: A school-based sample of 4,359 adolescents aged 12-18 years old (M = 14.79, SD = 1.79; 51.1% girls; 5.9% ADHD) was assessed (intentional sampling). RESULTS: The results indicated that adolescents with ADHD had different Internet and video game use habits, as well as a significantly higher rate of PIU compared to their peers without ADHD (25.8% vs. 18%). They also had a higher rate of sextortion, online gambling, and pornography use. In addition, significant gender differences of particular interest were observed. CONCLUSIONS: These findings underline the need to address the particularities of adolescents with ADHD and their environment in order to promote safer use of the technology.

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2. Muzio MR, Vittori A, Capitello TG, Esposito D, Bruno MP, Cerrone V, Cascella M. Pain in Children With ADHD: Mechanisms, Clinical Presentation, and Implications for Assessment and Management. In Vivo. 2026; 40(3): 1317-26.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Pain assessment and management in children remain challenging, particularly in those with neurodevelopmental disorders. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by alterations in attention, executive function, emotional regulation, and reward processing. These domains are also critically involved in pain perception and expression. Emerging evidence suggests that children with ADHD may experience pain differently, display atypical pain behaviors, and face substantial challenges in pain assessment and treatment. However, the literature on pediatric ADHD and pain is fragmented across experimental, clinical, and behavioral studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This narrative review critically examines the neurobiological, psychological, and clinical interactions between ADHD and pain in children. RESULTS: We discuss proposed mechanisms linking ADHD to altered pain processing, summarize evidence on pain perception and expression, explore common pain conditions where this interaction is clinically relevant, and analyze challenges in pain assessment and management. Finally, we identify knowledge gaps and propose future directions toward function- and child-centered pain care. CONCLUSION: By considering ADHD as a modifier of pain experience and a potential contributor to pain chronification rather than a mere comorbidity, this review highlights the importance of adapting pain assessment and management strategies to the specific neurodevelopmental profile of pediatric patients.

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