Pubmed (TSA) du 19/04/26
1. Colombi C, Calderoni S, Chericoni N, Conti E, Costanzo V, Marchi V, Di Rosa G, Lombardo MV, Ruta L, Guzzetta A. Fostering Infant Responsivity and Reciprocity – Support to Thrive (FIRRST): a multisite randomized control trial of a pre-emptive telehealth intervention for infants with early signs of Autism Spectrum Disorders in Italy. Trials;2026 (Apr 18)
BACKGROUND: Early prodromal signs of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) can be detected within the first year of life, a period of heightened neuroplasticity. Pre-emptive, parent-mediated interventions delivered during this window may improve developmental outcomes and reduce ASD symptom severity, but evidence from adequately powered randomized trials in Europe remains limited. Early prodromal signs of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) can be detected within the first year of life, a period of heightened neuroplasticity. Pre-emptive, parent-mediated interventions delivered during this window may improve developmental outcomes and reduce ASD symptom severity, but evidence from adequately powered randomized trials in Europe remains limited. OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of this trial is to determine the efficacy of FIRRST (Fostering Infant Responsivity and Reciprocity – Support to Thrive), a parent-mediated pre-emptive telehealth intervention, in reducing ASD symptom severity in infants with ASD prodromes, as measured by change in Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Second Edition (ADOS-2) Calibrated Severity Scores. Secondary objectives are to evaluate effects on infant developmental skills, caregiver-child interaction, parental well-being, neurophysiological markers, and cost-effectiveness. METHODS: This is a multicenter, single-blinded, randomized, parallel-group superiority trial conducted in Italy. A total of 132 infants aged 9-14 months with ASD prodromes will be recruited by clinicians at participating university hospital-based centers and randomly allocated (1:1) to FIRRST or a Parent Education control condition. Key inclusion criteria include risk-range scores on the Social Attention and Communication Surveillance-Revised (SACS-R); exclusion criteria include known genetic, neurological, or severe sensory impairments. Randomization will be stratified by age (< 12 vs ≥ 12 months), sex, and ASD symptom severity. FIRRST consists of weekly telehealth sessions delivered by trained licensed health professionals over 24 weeks. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline, post-intervention (24 weeks), and follow-up (48 weeks). OUTCOMES: The primary outcome is change in ADOS-2 Calibrated Severity Scores from baseline to post-intervention. Secondary outcomes include developmental level (Griffiths-III), caregiver-child interaction (MONSI-CC), parental well-being (PSI-4), and neurophysiological measures derived from high-density electroencephalography. Safety outcomes include monitoring and descriptive reporting of adverse events. A cost-effectiveness analysis will be conducted from the healthcare system perspective. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06817746. Registered on November 2024.
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2. Dalvi-Garcia F, Horato N, Cavalieri DC, Quagliato LA, Nardi AE. Unrecognized Even in Death: The Statistical Invisibility of Autistic People in Brazilian Suicide Mortality Records. Trends Psychiatry Psychother;2026 (Apr 19)
OBJECTIVE: Suicide is a leading cause of premature death in Brazil. Some groups are at higher risk of committing suicide, including individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). This study aimed to assess whether autistic people are being identified in Brazilian official mortality records and whether this condition is being acknowledged as a contributing factor to suicide. METHODS: We assessed a standardized version of the Brazilian Mortality Information System (SIM), filtering deaths by suicide from 1996 to 2024 in which the underlying cause of death was intentional self-harm, sequelae of intentional self-harm, or undetermined intent possibly due to self-harm. Variables potentially indicating contributing conditions related to ASD or intellectual disability (ID) were examined. RESULTS: Of 579,121 deaths by suicide, only 81 certificates recorded ASD or ID, and only 16 recognized autistic people. Fifteen were men, with a mean age 33.5 ± 17.2 years. The first certificate listing ID was in 2000; the first mentioning autism was not until 2008. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest under-reporting of ASD as a factor relevant to suicide and a substantial disparity compared to other countries’ statistics. Improving certifying professional training and integrating datasets may enhance suicide prevention efforts for people with neurodevelopmental conditions.
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3. Hu X, Ye Z, Yang N, Zhao C, Zhang J, Wang Y, Tan L, Yang Y, Lu Y. Efficacy of PDD-guided tumor excision combined with photodynamic therapy in high-risk basal cell carcinoma. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther;2026 (Apr 16):105479.
BACKGROUND: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common non-pigmented cutaneous malignancy. Photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) can distinguish tumor tissues from normal tissues by visible fluorescence. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is widely used in the treatment of non-melanoma skin tumors. This study aims to illustrate the efficacy and safety of PDD-guided tumor excision combined with ALA-PDT in patients with BCC. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 19 patients diagnosed with high-risk BCC, who were grouped based on the actual treatment they had received in clinical practice: the PDD group (n=9) and the non-PDD group (n=10). Patients were not randomized. The PDD group were treated with PDD-guided tumor excision, and the non-PDD group were treated with wide local excision (WLE). Both groups underwent frozen section analysis, and PDT was performed intraoperatively or postoperatively as an adjunctive therapy to target potential subclinical residual tumor cells. Clinical outcomes were analyzed, including efficacy, aesthetic outcome, patient satisfaction, and quality of life. RESULTS: The negative rate of tumor margins in PDD group was 95.3%, compared to 75.5% in the non-PDD group. PDD group needed fewer times of frozen section analysis and observed better cosmetic outcomes and superior patient satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: PDD can reveal tumor margins in high-risk BCC to guide the extent of surgical resection. The combination of PDD-guided tumor resection with PDT demonstrates high safety and efficacy in the treatment of BCC, particularly in managing potential subclinical residual disease. However, it still needs to be verified in studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods.
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4. Lee JH, Park J, Park YM, Park YB, Jung JH, Kim BS, Nam GE. Intellectual developmental disability and risk of developing depression in type 2 diabetes. Psychiatry Res;2026 (Apr 19);362:117178.
BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) places substantial physiological and psychological demands on patients and is independently linked to an elevated risk of depression. Intellectual developmental disability (IDD) is likewise associated with metabolic disorders and a high prevalence of mood disturbances, yet communication barriers often delay diagnosis. Whether coexistence of IDD further amplifies the likelihood of new-onset depression in people with T2D remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between IDD and incident depression among Korean adults with T2D. METHODS: We analyzed 1,819,869 adults (≥ 20 years) with T2D who underwent the 2015-2016 Korea National Health Screening Program. Participants were classified as either IDD (n = 3665) or non-IDD groups. The primary outcome was new-onset depression identified up to 31 December 2022 following the health-screening date. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident depression. RESULTS: Participants with IDD were younger (mean age: 49.2 vs. 58.0 years) and had a lower proportion of men (55.9% vs. 61.8%) than those without IDD. Over a median follow-up of 5.8 years, 14.8% developed depression, with an elevated risk in the IDD group (HR 1.65, 95% CI: 1.53-1.77). This association was consistent across IDD severity and was especially marked in individuals under 65 and with T2D duration under five years. CONCLUSIONS: Coexisting IDD and T2D are linked to higher depression risk. Our finding underscores the need for tailored interventions, improved caregiver awareness, and enhanced screening to address mental health disparities.
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5. Lee TM, Wang TN, Hsieh YL. Development of Autism Mealtime Behavior Questionnaire for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord;2026 (Apr 18)
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6. Lenker KP, Harvey AG, Richdale AL, Calo WA, Fernandez-Mendoza J. Optimizing a Transdiagnostic Sleep and Circadian Intervention for Autistic Young Adults: A Qualitative Study Using an Implementation Science Framework. Behav Sleep Med;2026 (Apr 18):1-17.
OBJECTIVES: Autistic adults frequently report a multitude of pervasive sleep and related circadian problems. Although these sleep and circadian problems have been identified as a critical and unmet public health concern, few sleep interventions have been tailored for and tested in this population. This qualitative study assessed autistic adult, caregiver, and clinician perspectives to inform the adaptation and implementation of an evidence-based transdiagnostic intervention. METHOD: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 autistic young adults, 20 caregivers, and 20 clinicians to guide adaptations of Transdiagnostic Intervention for Sleep and Circadian Dysfunction (TranS-C) for autistic people. RESULTS: Qualitative reports first supported the need to treat sleep and circadian problems in a transdiagnostic manner, given the multidimensional nature of their reported sleep problems. Patterns of convergence and divergence in stakeholder perspectives emerged across themes, with several barriers and facilitators to intervention delivery and adherence. These barriers and facilitators directly informed the development of potential adaptations to TranS-C: (1) adapting content (memory-enhancement strategies, routines, involving others’ support, treatment « spreading, » and simplifying handouts), and (2) enhancing delivery (check-ins between sessions, telehealth, enhanced provider training in autism, and electronic sleep diaries). CONCLUSIONS: Sleep and circadian problems experienced by autistic adults are multidimensional and require transdiagnostic approaches to address the broader range of issues, including regularity, satisfaction, irregularity, dissatisfaction, alertness, continuity, efficiency, and timing. Adaptations to TranS-C format and delivery may serve to promote intervention adherence and adequately respond to unique features of autism across the lifespan.
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7. Potter M, Everett M, Singh A, Stratis G, Watanabe Y, Demirkaya A, Erdogmus D, Imbiriba T, Goodwin MS. Temporal point process modeling of aggressive behavior onset in psychiatric inpatient youths with autism. Sci Rep;2026 (Apr 18)
