Pubmed (TSA) du 31/01/26
1. Al Shaban F, Frazier TW, Ghazal I, Al-Faraj F, Aqel S, Thompson IR. Real-world application of an eye-tracking device for autism screening and diagnosis: a short report from public demonstrations in Qatar, Dubai and the U.S. BMC Psychiatry. 2026.
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2. Bargagna F, Morin TM, Chen YC, Lila Y, Tseng CJ, Santarelli MF, Vanello N, McDougle CJ, Hooker JM, Zürcher NR. A probabilistic deep learning approach for choroid plexus segmentation in autism spectrum disorder. NPP Digit Psychiatry Neurosci. 2026; 4(1): 2.
The choroid plexus serves as the primary barrier between the brain’s blood and cerebrospinal fluid and mediates neuroimmune function. A subset of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may exhibit morphological alterations of the choroid plexus. However, to power larger population analyses, an automated tool capable of accurately segmenting the choroid plexus based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is needed. Automated Segmentation of CHOroid PLEXus (ASCHOPLEX) is a deep learning tool that enables finetuning using new, patient-specific, training data, allowing its usage across cohorts for which the model was not originally trained. We evaluated ASCHOPLEX’s generalizability to individuals with ASD by performing finetuning on a local dataset of ASD and control (CON) participants. To assess generalizability, we implemented a probabilistic version of the algorithm, which allowed us to quantify the uncertainty in choroid plexus segmentation and evaluate the model’s confidence. ASCHOPLEX generalized well to our local dataset, in which all participants were adults. To further assess its performance, we tested the algorithm on the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE) dataset, which includes data from children and adults. While ASCHOPLEX performed well in adults, its accuracy declined in children, suggesting limited generalizability to different age groups without additional finetuning. Our findings show that the incorporation of a probabilistic approach during finetuning can strengthen the use of this deep learning tool by providing confidence metrics which allow assessing model reliability. Overall, our findings demonstrate that ASCHOPLEX can generate accurate choroid plexus segmentations in previously unseen data. The choroid plexus plays an important role in brain health and immunity and may be altered in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). To analyze large imaging datasets, a method to automatically delineate this structure is needed. We adapted an existing artificial intelligence tool, ASCHOPLEX, for use in individuals with ASD and made it probabilistic to probe the confidence of its automated segmentations. The results show that ASCHOPLEX can generate accurate choroid plexus segmentations in ASD. eng personal relationships: TMM is a paid consultant for Rocket Science Health. CJM is a paid consultant for Acadia Pharmaceuticals and receives royalty payments from Oxford University Press and Springer Publishing. JMH is co-founder of and equity holder in Eikonizo Therapeutics and Sensorium Therapeutics, where he also serves as CEO. He is an advisor to Rocket Science Health, Human Health, Delix Therapeutics and Psy Therapeutics. All other authors have nothing to disclose.
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3. Elamin NE, Abdulmaged DA, Al-Ghamdi F, Al-Ghamdi H, Halepoto DM, Al-Ayadhi LY. Plasma clusterin levels in autism spectrum disorder: bridging biomarkers to social and cognitive dysfunctions. BMC Pediatr. 2026.
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4. Han JH, Kim YR, Lee Y, Park Y, Kim D, Bong G, Yoo HJ. Double-blind, sham-controlled, pilot study of trigeminal nerve stimulation for autism spectrum disorder. Neurotherapeutics. 2026: e00838.
Trigeminal nerve stimulation (TNS) is a minimal-risk, noninvasive neuromodulation method with growing evidence of efficacy across psychiatric conditions. However, its safety and potential effects in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remain underexplored. This exploratory pilot study aimed primarily to evaluate the safety and tolerability, and secondarily to explore changes in ASD-related symptoms – including impairments in social communication and reciprocity, attention, executive functioning, emotional regulation, sleep, and sensory processing – in children with ASD, and to examine associated changes using quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG). This double-blind, sham-controlled, randomized exploratory pilot trial enrolled 29 children aged 7-12 years with ASD. The participants were randomized to receive 28 nightly sessions of active or sham TNS over 4 weeks. At baseline and week 4, we assessed safety, clinical outcomes and Clinical Global Impression scales, in addition to analyzing qEEG band power. No serious adverse events were observed, and TNS was well tolerated. Exploratory analyses showed nominal between-group differences (unadjusted) favoring the TNS group in maladaptive behavior (Vineland-II: 1.38 vs 0.08; p = .017) and social reciprocity (Social Responsiveness Scale-2: 12.07 vs -1.43; p = .025). Exploratory qEEG analyses revealed decreased gamma/high-frequency and increased alpha power in the left frontal and parietal regions, changes that significantly correlated with improvements in social (r = -0.917; p = .001) and overall (r = -0.680; p = .030) functioning. TNS was safe and showed preliminary evidence of potential benefits in improving behavioral and social functioning in children with ASD. Larger trials are required to confirm these findings. Clinical trial registration information: http://clinicaltrials.gov/; NCT06233279.
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5. Li X, Yao S, Pan P, Zhou J, Wang J. Effects of Thyroid Hormones on Brain Development: Cytoarchitecture and Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Faseb j. 2026; 40(2): e71487.
Thyroid hormones (THs) are endocrine factors that play an important role in brain development by modulating several neurodevelopmental processes, including neuronal migration, synaptogenesis, and myelination. Therefore, adequate regulation of these hormones is important for the structure and function of the brain. Recently, a close association between THs deficiency or dysfunction has been found with several neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). These results imply that thyroid hormones play an important role in the occurrence of neurodevelopmental disorders. In this review, we thoroughly investigate the biosynthetic pathways and regulatory mechanisms involved in thyroid hormones production. We also assess the importance of thyroid hormones during different periods of brain development, as well as the underlying molecular processes. Finally, we extend our discussion to explore the relationship between thyroid hormones and neurodevelopmental disorders. The objective is to provide mechanistic and clinical insights and to identify promising research avenues that could facilitate earlier diagnosis and intervention for these conditions.
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6. O’Leary K. New analysis shows no link between autism and paracetamol. Nat Med. 2026.
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7. Ong JJ, Cheng XL, Chok M, Hashim J, Choo YX, Gan YZ, Ng DCE. Developmental and emotional behavioural outcomes after COVID-19 febrile seizures: A single-centre experience. Med J Malaysia. 2026; 81(1): 27-33.
INTRODUCTION: Children with febrile seizures often experience favourable long-term outcomes. However, the outcomes of COVID-19 febrile seizures remain uncertain. The study investigated the developmental and emotional/behavioural outcomes of children with and without COVID-19, presenting with febrile seizures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Participants were families of children with febrile seizures admitted from January to April 2022, during the peak of COVID-19 Omicron variant infection cases. The children were assessed 9-18 months after the seizure event, using the Schedule of Growing Skills II developmental screening tool and their parents completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, a measure of emotional/behavioural outcome. A child with positive COVID-19 is characterised by the presence of respiratory symptoms and a positive COVID-19 rapid antigen test. We compared the outcomes of children with and without COVID- 19 using Fisher’s exact test and Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: Twenty-two families, with 15 (68.2%) COVID-19 and 7 (31.8%) non-COVID-19 febrile seizures participated in the study. A substantial proportion of children from both groups were delayed in various developmental domains (13.6- 27.3%), with 9 (40.9%) delayed in 2 or more domains and 2 (9.1%) experienced emotional behavioural difficulties. Children with COVID-19 febrile seizures were not more likely to have developmental delay and emotional/behavioural difficulties. CONCLUSIONS: Children with COVID-19 febrile seizures were not at greater risk of developmental delay or emotional/behavioural difficulties. Further longitudinal studies with a larger sample size are warranted.
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8. Snir A, Zamstein O, Wainstock T, Sheiner E. Small for Gestational Age and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Childhood: Investigating a Potential Contributory Association. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM. 2026: 101904.
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9. Tavasoli K, O’Neil SH, Chang MY. Adaptive, social, and repetitive behaviors in children with autism spectrum disorder and comorbid amblyopia and/or strabismus. J aapos. 2026: 104734.
BACKGROUND: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have higher rates of visual disorders, such as amblyopia and strabismus, but the impact of these disorders on autism symptoms is unknown. We assessed adaptive, social, and repetitive behaviors in children with ASD with and without binocular vision disorders (amblyopia and strabismus). METHODS: Children aged 3-17 years were categorized into one of two groups: ASD with comorbid amblyopia or strabismus (ASD+/BVD+) or ASD without a visual disorder (ASD+/BVD-). All participants underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination to inform group assignment. Parents or guardians completed standardized questionnaires to assess participants’ adaptive functioning (Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, 3rd ed [VABS-III]), social responsiveness (Social Responsiveness Scale, 2nd ed [SRS-2]), and repetitive behaviors (Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised [RBS-R]). ASD+/BVD+ and ASD+/BVD- groups were compared using multivariable regression analysis correcting for age and sex. RESULTS: We recruited 14 children in the ASD+/BVD+ group and 29 children in the ASD+/BVD- group. Groups were matched on age, sex, IQ, and overall autism severity. ASD+/BVD+ children had lower scores on the VABS-III Composite and Socialization domain. On the RBS-R, ASD+/BVD+ children exhibited greater insistence on sameness. There were no differences between groups on SRS-2 scores. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that children with ASD and comorbid amblyopia or strabismus have worse adaptive behaviors than children with ASD without visual disorders, particularly with regard to socialization.
