Brief Report: Examining the Association of Autism and Adverse Childhood Experiences in the National Survey of Children’s Health: The Important Role of Income and Co-occurring Mental Health Conditions / Connor M. KERNS in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47-7 (July 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 47-7 (July 2017) . - p.2275-2281 Titre : Brief Report: Examining the Association of Autism and Adverse Childhood Experiences in the National Survey of Children’s Health: The Important Role of Income and Co-occurring Mental Health Conditions Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Connor M. KERNS, Auteur ; Craig J. NEWSCHAFFER, Auteur ; Steven J. BERKOWITZ, Auteur ; Brian K. LEE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2275-2281 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Adverse childhood experiences  Comorbidity  Anxiety  Depression  Attention problems  Behavioral problems Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are risk factors for mental and physical illness and more likely to occur for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The present study aimed to clarify the contribution of poverty, intellectual disability and mental health conditions to this disparity. Data on child and family characteristics, mental health conditions and ACEs were analyzed in 67,067 youth from the 2011–2012 National Survey of Children’s Health. In an income-stratified sample, the association of ASD and ACEs was greater for lower income children and significantly diminished after controlling for child mental health conditions, but not intellectual disability. Findings suggest that the association of ACEs and ASD is moderated by family income and contingent on co-occurring mental health conditions. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3111-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=314 [article] Brief Report: Examining the Association of Autism and Adverse Childhood Experiences in the National Survey of Children’s Health: The Important Role of Income and Co-occurring Mental Health Conditions [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Connor M. KERNS, Auteur ; Craig J. NEWSCHAFFER, Auteur ; Steven J. BERKOWITZ, Auteur ; Brian K. LEE, Auteur . - p.2275-2281. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 47-7 (July 2017) . - p.2275-2281 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Adverse childhood experiences  Comorbidity  Anxiety  Depression  Attention problems  Behavioral problems Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are risk factors for mental and physical illness and more likely to occur for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The present study aimed to clarify the contribution of poverty, intellectual disability and mental health conditions to this disparity. Data on child and family characteristics, mental health conditions and ACEs were analyzed in 67,067 youth from the 2011–2012 National Survey of Children’s Health. In an income-stratified sample, the association of ASD and ACEs was greater for lower income children and significantly diminished after controlling for child mental health conditions, but not intellectual disability. Findings suggest that the association of ACEs and ASD is moderated by family income and contingent on co-occurring mental health conditions. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3111-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=314

Expert consensus regarding indicators of a traumatic reaction in autistic youth: a Delphi survey / Connor M. KERNS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 64-1 (January 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 64-1 (January 2023) . - p.50-58 Titre : Expert consensus regarding indicators of a traumatic reaction in autistic youth: a Delphi survey Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Connor M. KERNS, Auteur ; Diana L. ROBINS, Auteur ; Paul T. SHATTUCK, Auteur ; Craig J. NEWSCHAFFER, Auteur ; Steven J. BERKOWITZ, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.50-58 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Objective It has been suggested that the sequelae of trauma are under-recognized in youth on the autism spectrum. We aimed to generate expert consensus regarding important trauma indicators, including but not limited to traumatic stress symptoms, in autistic youth. Methods We recruited 72 experts in autism and/or childhood trauma. Via a 2-round Delphi survey, experts commented on and rated the importance of 48 potential indicators, drawn from PTSD criteria and a broader literature on traumatic sequelae in autism. A revised list of 51 indicators, 18 clinical guidelines developed from expert comments, and summaries of expert qualifications and ratings from Round 1 were submitted to a second round (n=66; 92% retention) of expert review and rating. Results Twenty-two indicators reached consensus (>75% round 2 endorsement). Many, but not all, reflected PTSD criteria, including intrusions (e.g., trauma re-enactments in perseverative play/speech), avoidance of trauma-reminders, and negative alterations in mood/cognition (e.g., diminished interest in activities) and in arousal/reactivity (e.g., exaggerated startle). Experts also identified increased reliance on others, adaptive and language regressions, self-injurious behavior, and non-suicidal self-injury as important indicators. Consensus guidelines emphasized the need for tailored measures, developmentally informed criteria, and multiple informants to increase diagnostic accuracy. Conclusions Expert consensus emphasizes and informs a need for tailored diagnostic guidelines and measures to more sensitively assess traumatic reactions in autistic youth. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13666 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=490 [article] Expert consensus regarding indicators of a traumatic reaction in autistic youth: a Delphi survey [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Connor M. KERNS, Auteur ; Diana L. ROBINS, Auteur ; Paul T. SHATTUCK, Auteur ; Craig J. NEWSCHAFFER, Auteur ; Steven J. BERKOWITZ, Auteur . - p.50-58. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 64-1 (January 2023) . - p.50-58 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Objective It has been suggested that the sequelae of trauma are under-recognized in youth on the autism spectrum. We aimed to generate expert consensus regarding important trauma indicators, including but not limited to traumatic stress symptoms, in autistic youth. Methods We recruited 72 experts in autism and/or childhood trauma. Via a 2-round Delphi survey, experts commented on and rated the importance of 48 potential indicators, drawn from PTSD criteria and a broader literature on traumatic sequelae in autism. A revised list of 51 indicators, 18 clinical guidelines developed from expert comments, and summaries of expert qualifications and ratings from Round 1 were submitted to a second round (n=66; 92% retention) of expert review and rating. Results Twenty-two indicators reached consensus (>75% round 2 endorsement). Many, but not all, reflected PTSD criteria, including intrusions (e.g., trauma re-enactments in perseverative play/speech), avoidance of trauma-reminders, and negative alterations in mood/cognition (e.g., diminished interest in activities) and in arousal/reactivity (e.g., exaggerated startle). Experts also identified increased reliance on others, adaptive and language regressions, self-injurious behavior, and non-suicidal self-injury as important indicators. Consensus guidelines emphasized the need for tailored measures, developmentally informed criteria, and multiple informants to increase diagnostic accuracy. Conclusions Expert consensus emphasizes and informs a need for tailored diagnostic guidelines and measures to more sensitively assess traumatic reactions in autistic youth. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13666 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=490

Exploring potential sources of childhood trauma: A qualitative study with autistic adults and caregivers / Connor M. KERNS in Autism, 26-8 (November 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 26-8 (November 2022) . - p.1987-1998 Titre : Exploring potential sources of childhood trauma: A qualitative study with autistic adults and caregivers Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Connor M. KERNS, Auteur ; Stephen LANKENAU, Auteur ; Paul T. SHATTUCK, Auteur ; Diana L. ROBINS, Auteur ; Craig J. NEWSCHAFFER, Auteur ; Steven J. BERKOWITZ, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1987-1998 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Child  Humans  Autistic Disorder/psychology  Caregivers/psychology  Adverse Childhood Experiences  Autism Spectrum Disorder/psychology  Qualitative Research  autism  childhood  qualitative  traumatic events Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The stressors autistic individuals encounter and experience as traumatic may vary from those not on the spectrum and typically measured. We conducted in-depth interviews with autistic adults and caregivers of children and adults on the spectrum to identify potential sources of trauma for autistic individuals and evaluate the ability of a standard trauma measure to capture those experiences. Fourteen autistic adults and 15 caregivers with varied backgrounds, clinical profiles, and histories of adversity were interviewed. Participants also completed standard measures of autism, traumatic exposures, and stress. Interviews were analyzed to record both traditional sources of trauma, for comparison with the standard measure, and distinct sources, described as traumatic only in the narratives of participants. Participants described varied experiences as traumatic. Whereas some reflected traditional traumas (e.g. maltreatment) and forms of social marginalization, others reflected conflicts between autistic characteristics and the environment (e.g. sensory trauma). All adults and most caregivers described sources of trauma in interviews not reported on the standard measure. Results have implications for assessing traumatic events in autism and for understanding their contribution to the mental health of this group. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613211070637 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=488 [article] Exploring potential sources of childhood trauma: A qualitative study with autistic adults and caregivers [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Connor M. KERNS, Auteur ; Stephen LANKENAU, Auteur ; Paul T. SHATTUCK, Auteur ; Diana L. ROBINS, Auteur ; Craig J. NEWSCHAFFER, Auteur ; Steven J. BERKOWITZ, Auteur . - p.1987-1998. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 26-8 (November 2022) . - p.1987-1998 Mots-clés : Adult  Child  Humans  Autistic Disorder/psychology  Caregivers/psychology  Adverse Childhood Experiences  Autism Spectrum Disorder/psychology  Qualitative Research  autism  childhood  qualitative  traumatic events Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The stressors autistic individuals encounter and experience as traumatic may vary from those not on the spectrum and typically measured. We conducted in-depth interviews with autistic adults and caregivers of children and adults on the spectrum to identify potential sources of trauma for autistic individuals and evaluate the ability of a standard trauma measure to capture those experiences. Fourteen autistic adults and 15 caregivers with varied backgrounds, clinical profiles, and histories of adversity were interviewed. Participants also completed standard measures of autism, traumatic exposures, and stress. Interviews were analyzed to record both traditional sources of trauma, for comparison with the standard measure, and distinct sources, described as traumatic only in the narratives of participants. Participants described varied experiences as traumatic. Whereas some reflected traditional traumas (e.g. maltreatment) and forms of social marginalization, others reflected conflicts between autistic characteristics and the environment (e.g. sensory trauma). All adults and most caregivers described sources of trauma in interviews not reported on the standard measure. Results have implications for assessing traumatic events in autism and for understanding their contribution to the mental health of this group. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613211070637 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=488

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder / Chandler PUHY ; Chelsea M. DAY ; Steven J. BERKOWITZ

Public ISBD in The Oxford Handbook of Autism and Co-Occurring Psychiatric Conditions / Susan W. WHITE Titre : Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Chandler PUHY, Auteur ; Chelsea M. DAY, Auteur ; Steven J. BERKOWITZ, Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Importance : p.115-136 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : AUT-B AUT-B - L'Autisme - Ouvrages généraux et scientifiques Résumé : This chapter summarizes current scientific knowledge around the prevalence, etiology, and developmental course of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children and adults in the general population, and?based on the limited scientific literature?what is indicated for those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Challenges related to differential diagnosis and measurement of PTSD in ASD are considered and illustrated via a case example. The chapter concludes with an overview of evidence-based treatments for PTSD in people without ASD, and their potential applications for those with ASD. Overall, the limited research on PTSD in ASD thus far points to increased rates of adversity and related psychopathology, but few evidence-based approaches to assessment or treatment of PTSD and other trauma-related symptoms in this population. Future investigations should consider not only PTSD in ASD but also a broader range of potential sources and symptoms of trauma in ASD and work quickly to identify empirically supported assessments and treatments. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=528 in The Oxford Handbook of Autism and Co-Occurring Psychiatric Conditions / Susan W. WHITE Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Chandler PUHY, Auteur ; Chelsea M. DAY, Auteur ; Steven J. BERKOWITZ, Auteur . - 2020 . - p.115-136. Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : AUT-B AUT-B - L'Autisme - Ouvrages généraux et scientifiques Résumé : This chapter summarizes current scientific knowledge around the prevalence, etiology, and developmental course of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children and adults in the general population, and?based on the limited scientific literature?what is indicated for those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Challenges related to differential diagnosis and measurement of PTSD in ASD are considered and illustrated via a case example. The chapter concludes with an overview of evidence-based treatments for PTSD in people without ASD, and their potential applications for those with ASD. Overall, the limited research on PTSD in ASD thus far points to increased rates of adversity and related psychopathology, but few evidence-based approaches to assessment or treatment of PTSD and other trauma-related symptoms in this population. Future investigations should consider not only PTSD in ASD but also a broader range of potential sources and symptoms of trauma in ASD and work quickly to identify empirically supported assessments and treatments. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=528

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Research Review: The relationship between childhood violence exposure and juvenile antisocial behavior: a meta-analytic review / Helen W. WILSON in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50-7 (July 2009)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 50-7 (July 2009) . - p.769-779 Titre : Research Review: The relationship between childhood violence exposure and juvenile antisocial behavior: a meta-analytic review Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Helen W. WILSON, Auteur ; Carla SMITH STOVER, Auteur ; Steven J. BERKOWITZ, Auteur Année de publication : 2009 Article en page(s) : p.769-779 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Childhood-violence-exposure antisocial-behavior adolescence delinquency Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: The connection between childhood violence exposure and antisocial behavior in adolescence has received much attention and has important implications for understanding and preventing criminal behavior. However, there are a limited number of well-designed prospective studies that can suggest a causal relationship, and little is known about the magnitude of the relationship. Methods: This meta-analysis provides a quantitative comparison of 18 studies (N = 18,245) assessing the relationship between childhood (before age 12) violence exposure and adolescent antisocial behavior. An overall effect size (Cohen's d) was calculated for each study, an average for the 18 studies, and averages for subsets of analyses within studies. Results: Results indicated a small effect from prospective studies (d = .31) and a large effect from cross-sectional studies (d = .88). The effect for victimization (d = .61) was larger than for witnessing violence (d = .15). Conclusions: Effect size varied across studies employing different methodologies, populations, and conceptualizations of violence exposure and antisocial behavior. These findings do not support a simple, direct link from early violence exposure to antisocial behavior but suggest that many factors influence this relationship. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01974.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=770 [article] Research Review: The relationship between childhood violence exposure and juvenile antisocial behavior: a meta-analytic review [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Helen W. WILSON, Auteur ; Carla SMITH STOVER, Auteur ; Steven J. BERKOWITZ, Auteur . - 2009 . - p.769-779. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 50-7 (July 2009) . - p.769-779 Mots-clés : Childhood-violence-exposure antisocial-behavior adolescence delinquency Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: The connection between childhood violence exposure and antisocial behavior in adolescence has received much attention and has important implications for understanding and preventing criminal behavior. However, there are a limited number of well-designed prospective studies that can suggest a causal relationship, and little is known about the magnitude of the relationship. Methods: This meta-analysis provides a quantitative comparison of 18 studies (N = 18,245) assessing the relationship between childhood (before age 12) violence exposure and adolescent antisocial behavior. An overall effect size (Cohen's d) was calculated for each study, an average for the 18 studies, and averages for subsets of analyses within studies. Results: Results indicated a small effect from prospective studies (d = .31) and a large effect from cross-sectional studies (d = .88). The effect for victimization (d = .61) was larger than for witnessing violence (d = .15). Conclusions: Effect size varied across studies employing different methodologies, populations, and conceptualizations of violence exposure and antisocial behavior. These findings do not support a simple, direct link from early violence exposure to antisocial behavior but suggest that many factors influence this relationship. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01974.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=770

Screening and treatment of trauma-related symptoms in youth with autism spectrum disorder among community providers in the United States / Connor M. KERNS in Autism, 24-2 (February 2020)  

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The Child and Family Traumatic Stress Intervention: Secondary prevention for youth at risk of developing PTSD / Steven J. BERKOWITZ in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52-6 (June 2011)  

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Traumatic Childhood Events and Autism Spectrum Disorder / Connor M. KERNS in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45-11 (November 2015)  

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