Dépouillements

Mice Exposed to Diagnostic Ultrasound In Utero Are Less Social and More Active in Social Situations Relative to Controls / Abbi M. MCCLINTIC in Autism Research, 7-3 (June 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-3 (June 2014) . - p.295-304 Titre : Mice Exposed to Diagnostic Ultrasound In Utero Are Less Social and More Active in Social Situations Relative to Controls Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Abbi M. MCCLINTIC, Auteur ; Bryan H. KING, Auteur ; Sara J. WEBB, Auteur ; Pierre D. MOURAD, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.295-304 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : diagnostic ultrasound  mouse social behavior  autistic-like behavior  risk factor Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Clinical use of diagnostic ultrasound imaging during pregnancy has a long history of safety and diagnostic utility, as supported by numerous human case reports and epidemiological studies. However, there exist in vivo studies linking large but clinically relevant doses of ultrasound applied to mouse fetuses in utero to altered learning, memory, and neuroanatomy of those mice. Also, there exists a well-documented significant increase in the likelihood of non-right-handedness in boys exposed to diagnostic ultrasound in utero, potentially relevant given the increased prevalence of autism in males, and reports of excess non-right-handedness in this population. Motivated by these observations, we applied 30?minutes of diagnostic ultrasound to pregnant mice at embryonic day 14.5 and assayed the social behavior of their male pups 3 weeks after their birth. The ultrasound-exposed pups were significantly (P??0.01) less interested in social interaction than sham-exposed pups in a three-chamber sociability test. In addition, they demonstrated significantly (P??0.05) more activity relative to the sham-exposed pups, but only in the presence of an unfamiliar mouse. These results suggest that fetal exposure to diagnostic ultrasound applied in utero can alter typical social behaviors in young mice that may be relevant for autism. There exist meaningful differences between the exposure of diagnostic ultrasound to mice versus humans that require further exploration before this work can usefully inform clinical practice. Future work should address these differences as well as clarify the extent, mechanisms, and functional effects of diagnostic ultrasound's interaction with the developing brain. Autism Res 2014, 7: 295–304. © 2013 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1349 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=235 [article] Mice Exposed to Diagnostic Ultrasound In Utero Are Less Social and More Active in Social Situations Relative to Controls [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Abbi M. MCCLINTIC, Auteur ; Bryan H. KING, Auteur ; Sara J. WEBB, Auteur ; Pierre D. MOURAD, Auteur . - p.295-304. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-3 (June 2014) . - p.295-304 Mots-clés : diagnostic ultrasound  mouse social behavior  autistic-like behavior  risk factor Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Clinical use of diagnostic ultrasound imaging during pregnancy has a long history of safety and diagnostic utility, as supported by numerous human case reports and epidemiological studies. However, there exist in vivo studies linking large but clinically relevant doses of ultrasound applied to mouse fetuses in utero to altered learning, memory, and neuroanatomy of those mice. Also, there exists a well-documented significant increase in the likelihood of non-right-handedness in boys exposed to diagnostic ultrasound in utero, potentially relevant given the increased prevalence of autism in males, and reports of excess non-right-handedness in this population. Motivated by these observations, we applied 30?minutes of diagnostic ultrasound to pregnant mice at embryonic day 14.5 and assayed the social behavior of their male pups 3 weeks after their birth. The ultrasound-exposed pups were significantly (P??0.01) less interested in social interaction than sham-exposed pups in a three-chamber sociability test. In addition, they demonstrated significantly (P??0.05) more activity relative to the sham-exposed pups, but only in the presence of an unfamiliar mouse. These results suggest that fetal exposure to diagnostic ultrasound applied in utero can alter typical social behaviors in young mice that may be relevant for autism. There exist meaningful differences between the exposure of diagnostic ultrasound to mice versus humans that require further exploration before this work can usefully inform clinical practice. Future work should address these differences as well as clarify the extent, mechanisms, and functional effects of diagnostic ultrasound's interaction with the developing brain. Autism Res 2014, 7: 295–304. © 2013 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1349 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=235

Gut Permeability in Autism Spectrum Disorders / Neil R. DALTON in Autism Research, 7-3 (June 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-3 (June 2014) . - p.305-313 Titre : Gut Permeability in Autism Spectrum Disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Neil R. DALTON, Auteur ; Susie CHANDLER, Auteur ; Charles TURNER, Auteur ; Tony CHARMAN, Auteur ; Andrew PICKLES, Auteur ; Tom LOUCAS, Auteur ; Emily SIMONOFF, Auteur ; Peter SULLIVAN, Auteur ; Gillian BAIRD, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.305-313 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  autism spectrum disorders  gut permeability  lactulose/mannitol ratio Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Objective To test whether gut permeability is increased in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) by evaluating gut permeability in a population-derived cohort of children with ASD compared with age- and intelligence quotient-matched controls without ASD but with special educational needs (SEN). Patients and Methods One hundred thirty-three children aged 10–14 years, 103 with ASD and 30 with SEN, were given an oral test dose of mannitol and lactulose and urine collected for 6?hr. Gut permeability was assessed by measuring the urine lactulose/mannitol (L/M) recovery ratio by electrospray mass spectrometry-mass spectrometry. The ASD group was subcategorized for comparison into those without (n?=?83) and with (n?=?20) regression. Results There was no significant difference in L/M recovery ratio (mean (95% confidence interval)) between the groups with ASD: 0.015 (0.013–0.018), and SEN: 0.014 (0.009–0.019), nor in lactulose, mannitol, or creatinine recovery. No significant differences were observed in any parameter for the regressed versus non-regressed ASD groups. Results were consistent with previously published normal ranges. Eleven children (9/103?=?8.7% ASD and 2/30?=?6.7% SEN) had L/M recovery ratio ?0.03 (the accepted normal range cut-off), of whom two (one ASD and one SEN) had more definitely pathological L/M recovery ratios ?0.04. Conclusion There is no statistically significant group difference in small intestine permeability in a population cohort-derived group of children with ASD compared with a control group with SEN. Of the two children (one ASD and one SEN) with an L/M recovery ratio of ?0.04, one had undiagnosed asymptomatic celiac disease (ASD) and the other (SEN) past extensive surgery for gastroschisis. Autism Res 2014, 7: 305–313. © 2013 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1350 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=235 [article] Gut Permeability in Autism Spectrum Disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Neil R. DALTON, Auteur ; Susie CHANDLER, Auteur ; Charles TURNER, Auteur ; Tony CHARMAN, Auteur ; Andrew PICKLES, Auteur ; Tom LOUCAS, Auteur ; Emily SIMONOFF, Auteur ; Peter SULLIVAN, Auteur ; Gillian BAIRD, Auteur . - p.305-313. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-3 (June 2014) . - p.305-313 Mots-clés : autism  autism spectrum disorders  gut permeability  lactulose/mannitol ratio Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Objective To test whether gut permeability is increased in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) by evaluating gut permeability in a population-derived cohort of children with ASD compared with age- and intelligence quotient-matched controls without ASD but with special educational needs (SEN). Patients and Methods One hundred thirty-three children aged 10–14 years, 103 with ASD and 30 with SEN, were given an oral test dose of mannitol and lactulose and urine collected for 6?hr. Gut permeability was assessed by measuring the urine lactulose/mannitol (L/M) recovery ratio by electrospray mass spectrometry-mass spectrometry. The ASD group was subcategorized for comparison into those without (n?=?83) and with (n?=?20) regression. Results There was no significant difference in L/M recovery ratio (mean (95% confidence interval)) between the groups with ASD: 0.015 (0.013–0.018), and SEN: 0.014 (0.009–0.019), nor in lactulose, mannitol, or creatinine recovery. No significant differences were observed in any parameter for the regressed versus non-regressed ASD groups. Results were consistent with previously published normal ranges. Eleven children (9/103?=?8.7% ASD and 2/30?=?6.7% SEN) had L/M recovery ratio ?0.03 (the accepted normal range cut-off), of whom two (one ASD and one SEN) had more definitely pathological L/M recovery ratios ?0.04. Conclusion There is no statistically significant group difference in small intestine permeability in a population cohort-derived group of children with ASD compared with a control group with SEN. Of the two children (one ASD and one SEN) with an L/M recovery ratio of ?0.04, one had undiagnosed asymptomatic celiac disease (ASD) and the other (SEN) past extensive surgery for gastroschisis. Autism Res 2014, 7: 305–313. © 2013 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1350 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=235

Impaired Comprehension of Alternating Syntactic Constructions in Autism / Melissa D. STOCKBRIDGE in Autism Research, 7-3 (June 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-3 (June 2014) . - p.314-321 Titre : Impaired Comprehension of Alternating Syntactic Constructions in Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Melissa D. STOCKBRIDGE, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur ; Sarah J. WHITE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.314-321 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  language development  syntax  dative alternation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals on the higher-functioning end of the autism spectrum have significant impairments in communication. Language delay can occur, particularly in syntactic or structural linguistic knowledge. However, classically observed semantic deficits generally overshadow these structural deficits. This research examined the potential effects on comprehension of dative expressions that exhibited syntactic alternation versus those that were restricted, whether in syntactic construction or through marked semantic differences in construction. Children with autism and matched neurotypical control participants were presented with a sentence battery of dative statements representing these variations in construction and were asked to display basic comprehension of the sentence meaning by identifying the recipient, or indirect object, of the dative verb. Construction, restriction, and semantic differentiation variables were analyzed for potential effects on the rate of accurate comprehension. Both groups performed with greater accuracy when dative expressions used a prepositional phrase than when the dative action was expressed in the syntax. The autism group performed more poorly when the dative expression could syntactically alternate than when it was restricted. These effects improve our knowledge of how children with autism understand alternating grammatical constructions. Autism Res 2014, 7: 314–321. © 2013 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1348 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=235 [article] Impaired Comprehension of Alternating Syntactic Constructions in Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Melissa D. STOCKBRIDGE, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur ; Sarah J. WHITE, Auteur . - p.314-321. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-3 (June 2014) . - p.314-321 Mots-clés : autism  language development  syntax  dative alternation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals on the higher-functioning end of the autism spectrum have significant impairments in communication. Language delay can occur, particularly in syntactic or structural linguistic knowledge. However, classically observed semantic deficits generally overshadow these structural deficits. This research examined the potential effects on comprehension of dative expressions that exhibited syntactic alternation versus those that were restricted, whether in syntactic construction or through marked semantic differences in construction. Children with autism and matched neurotypical control participants were presented with a sentence battery of dative statements representing these variations in construction and were asked to display basic comprehension of the sentence meaning by identifying the recipient, or indirect object, of the dative verb. Construction, restriction, and semantic differentiation variables were analyzed for potential effects on the rate of accurate comprehension. Both groups performed with greater accuracy when dative expressions used a prepositional phrase than when the dative action was expressed in the syntax. The autism group performed more poorly when the dative expression could syntactically alternate than when it was restricted. These effects improve our knowledge of how children with autism understand alternating grammatical constructions. Autism Res 2014, 7: 314–321. © 2013 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1348 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=235

Classification of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder by Sensory Subtype: A Case for Sensory-Based Phenotypes / Alison E. LANE in Autism Research, 7-3 (June 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-3 (June 2014) . - p.322-333 Titre : Classification of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder by Sensory Subtype: A Case for Sensory-Based Phenotypes Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Alison E. LANE, Auteur ; Cynthia A. MOLLOY, Auteur ; Somer L. BISHOP, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.322-333 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : sensory  autism  phenotypes  subtypes  children  classification  model-based cluster analysis  Short Sensory Profile Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study examines whether sensory differences can be used to classify meaningful subgroups of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Caregivers of children with ASD aged 2–10 years (n?=?228) completed the Short Sensory Profile. Model-based cluster analysis was used to extract sensory subtypes. The relationship of these subtypes to age, gender, autism symptom severity, and nonverbal intelligence quotient (IQ) was further explored. Four distinct sensory subtypes were identified: (a) sensory adaptive; (b) taste smell sensitive; (c) postural inattentive; and (d) generalized sensory difference. The sensory subtypes differ from each other on two dimensions: (a) the severity of reported sensory differences; and (b) the focus of differences across auditory, taste, smell, vestibular and proprioceptive domains. Examination of the clinical features of each subtype reveals two possible mechanisms of sensory disturbance in autism: (a) sensory hyperreactivity; and (b) difficulties with multisensory processing. Further, the sensory subtypes are not well explained by other variables such as age, gender, IQ, and autism symptom severity. We conclude that classification of children using sensory differences offers a promising method by which to identify phenotypes in ASD. Sensory-based phenotypes may be useful in identifying behavioral features responsive to specific interventions thereby improving intervention effectiveness. Further validation of the sensory-based phenotypes by establishing neural and physiological correlates is recommended. Autism Res 2014, 7: 322–333. © 2014 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1368 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=235 [article] Classification of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder by Sensory Subtype: A Case for Sensory-Based Phenotypes [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Alison E. LANE, Auteur ; Cynthia A. MOLLOY, Auteur ; Somer L. BISHOP, Auteur . - p.322-333. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-3 (June 2014) . - p.322-333 Mots-clés : sensory  autism  phenotypes  subtypes  children  classification  model-based cluster analysis  Short Sensory Profile Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study examines whether sensory differences can be used to classify meaningful subgroups of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Caregivers of children with ASD aged 2–10 years (n?=?228) completed the Short Sensory Profile. Model-based cluster analysis was used to extract sensory subtypes. The relationship of these subtypes to age, gender, autism symptom severity, and nonverbal intelligence quotient (IQ) was further explored. Four distinct sensory subtypes were identified: (a) sensory adaptive; (b) taste smell sensitive; (c) postural inattentive; and (d) generalized sensory difference. The sensory subtypes differ from each other on two dimensions: (a) the severity of reported sensory differences; and (b) the focus of differences across auditory, taste, smell, vestibular and proprioceptive domains. Examination of the clinical features of each subtype reveals two possible mechanisms of sensory disturbance in autism: (a) sensory hyperreactivity; and (b) difficulties with multisensory processing. Further, the sensory subtypes are not well explained by other variables such as age, gender, IQ, and autism symptom severity. We conclude that classification of children using sensory differences offers a promising method by which to identify phenotypes in ASD. Sensory-based phenotypes may be useful in identifying behavioral features responsive to specific interventions thereby improving intervention effectiveness. Further validation of the sensory-based phenotypes by establishing neural and physiological correlates is recommended. Autism Res 2014, 7: 322–333. © 2014 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1368 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=235

Electroencephalogram Coherence in Children With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorders: Decreased Interhemispheric Connectivity in Autism / Audrey M. CARSON in Autism Research, 7-3 (June 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-3 (June 2014) . - p.334-343 Titre : Electroencephalogram Coherence in Children With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorders: Decreased Interhemispheric Connectivity in Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Audrey M. CARSON, Auteur ; Nicole M. G. SALOWITZ, Auteur ; Robert A. SCHEIDT, Auteur ; Bridget K. DOLAN, Auteur ; Amy VAUGHAN VAN HECKE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.334-343 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : electroencephaolography  EEG coherence  school age??pediatrics  social brain Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Electroencephalogram coherence was measured in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and control children at baseline and while watching videos of a familiar and unfamiliar person reading a story. Coherence was measured between the left and right hemispheres of the frontal, parietal, and temporal-parietal lobes (interhemispheric) and between the frontal and parietal lobes in each hemisphere (intrahemispheric). A data-reduction technique was employed to identify the frequency (alpha) that yielded significant differences in video conditions. Children with ASD displayed reduced coherence at the alpha frequency between the left and right temporal-parietal lobes in all conditions and reduced coherence at the alpha frequency between left and right frontal lobes during baseline. No group differences in intrahemispheric coherence at the alpha frequency emerged at the chosen statistical threshold. Results suggest decreased interhemispheric connectivity in frontal and temporal-parietal regions in children with ASD compared to controls. Autism Res 2014, 7: 334–343. © 2014 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1367 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=235 [article] Electroencephalogram Coherence in Children With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorders: Decreased Interhemispheric Connectivity in Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Audrey M. CARSON, Auteur ; Nicole M. G. SALOWITZ, Auteur ; Robert A. SCHEIDT, Auteur ; Bridget K. DOLAN, Auteur ; Amy VAUGHAN VAN HECKE, Auteur . - p.334-343. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-3 (June 2014) . - p.334-343 Mots-clés : electroencephaolography  EEG coherence  school age??pediatrics  social brain Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Electroencephalogram coherence was measured in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and control children at baseline and while watching videos of a familiar and unfamiliar person reading a story. Coherence was measured between the left and right hemispheres of the frontal, parietal, and temporal-parietal lobes (interhemispheric) and between the frontal and parietal lobes in each hemisphere (intrahemispheric). A data-reduction technique was employed to identify the frequency (alpha) that yielded significant differences in video conditions. Children with ASD displayed reduced coherence at the alpha frequency between the left and right temporal-parietal lobes in all conditions and reduced coherence at the alpha frequency between left and right frontal lobes during baseline. No group differences in intrahemispheric coherence at the alpha frequency emerged at the chosen statistical threshold. Results suggest decreased interhemispheric connectivity in frontal and temporal-parietal regions in children with ASD compared to controls. Autism Res 2014, 7: 334–343. © 2014 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1367 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=235

Emotion Regulation Patterns in Adolescents With High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder: Comparison to Typically Developing Adolescents and Association With Psychiatric Symptoms / Carla A. MAZEFSKY in Autism Research, 7-3 (June 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-3 (June 2014) . - p.344-354 Titre : Emotion Regulation Patterns in Adolescents With High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder: Comparison to Typically Developing Adolescents and Association With Psychiatric Symptoms Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Carla A. MAZEFSKY, Auteur ; Xenia BORUE, Auteur ; Taylor N. DAY, Auteur ; Nancy J. MINSHEW, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.344-354 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : emotion regulation  psychiatric comorbidity  depression  anxiety  coping Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is often associated with poor emotional control and psychopathology, such as anxiety and depression; however, little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Emotion regulation (ER) is a potential contributing factor, but there has been limited research on ER and its role in comorbid psychopathology in ASD. In this study, we compared self-reported ER with self- and parent reports of psychopathology in 25 high-functioning adolescents with ASD and 23 age- and Intelligence Quotient (IQ)-matched typically developing controls. Contrary to expectations, both groups reported similar levels of adaptive, voluntary forms of ER (problem solving, acceptance, etc.). However, the ASD group reported significantly greater use of involuntary forms of ER that are typically maladaptive, including remaining focused on the stressor (e.g. rumination and emotional arousal) and shutting down (e.g. emotional numbing and being unable to think or act). Associations between ER and psychopathology were generally more robust using self-report rather than parent report. For both groups, greater endorsement of involuntary ER strategies was associated with higher ratings of psychopathology, whereas voluntary ER strategies focused on changing or adapting to the situation were significantly associated with lower levels of psychopathology. The magnitude and direction of association between ER types and psychopathology were similar for measures of depression and anxiety. These findings can help guide the development of psychosocial treatments targeting dysfunctional ER in adolescents with ASD. Interventions focused on ER as a transdiagnostic process may be a more robust method to improve emotional control and decrease emotional distress in ASD than disorder-specific interventions. Autism Res 2014, 7: 344–354. © 2014 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1366 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=235 [article] Emotion Regulation Patterns in Adolescents With High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder: Comparison to Typically Developing Adolescents and Association With Psychiatric Symptoms [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Carla A. MAZEFSKY, Auteur ; Xenia BORUE, Auteur ; Taylor N. DAY, Auteur ; Nancy J. MINSHEW, Auteur . - p.344-354. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-3 (June 2014) . - p.344-354 Mots-clés : emotion regulation  psychiatric comorbidity  depression  anxiety  coping Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is often associated with poor emotional control and psychopathology, such as anxiety and depression; however, little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Emotion regulation (ER) is a potential contributing factor, but there has been limited research on ER and its role in comorbid psychopathology in ASD. In this study, we compared self-reported ER with self- and parent reports of psychopathology in 25 high-functioning adolescents with ASD and 23 age- and Intelligence Quotient (IQ)-matched typically developing controls. Contrary to expectations, both groups reported similar levels of adaptive, voluntary forms of ER (problem solving, acceptance, etc.). However, the ASD group reported significantly greater use of involuntary forms of ER that are typically maladaptive, including remaining focused on the stressor (e.g. rumination and emotional arousal) and shutting down (e.g. emotional numbing and being unable to think or act). Associations between ER and psychopathology were generally more robust using self-report rather than parent report. For both groups, greater endorsement of involuntary ER strategies was associated with higher ratings of psychopathology, whereas voluntary ER strategies focused on changing or adapting to the situation were significantly associated with lower levels of psychopathology. The magnitude and direction of association between ER types and psychopathology were similar for measures of depression and anxiety. These findings can help guide the development of psychosocial treatments targeting dysfunctional ER in adolescents with ASD. Interventions focused on ER as a transdiagnostic process may be a more robust method to improve emotional control and decrease emotional distress in ASD than disorder-specific interventions. Autism Res 2014, 7: 344–354. © 2014 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1366 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=235

Modest Impact on Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder of Rare Copy Number Variants at 15q11.2, Specifically Breakpoints 1 to 2 / Pauline CHASTE in Autism Research, 7-3 (June 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-3 (June 2014) . - p.355-362 Titre : Modest Impact on Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder of Rare Copy Number Variants at 15q11.2, Specifically Breakpoints 1 to 2 Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Pauline CHASTE, Auteur ; Stephan J. SANDERS, Auteur ; Kommu N. MOHAN, Auteur ; Lambertus KLEI, Auteur ; Youeun SONG, Auteur ; Michael T. MURTHA, Auteur ; Vanessa HUS, Auteur ; Jennifer K. LOWE, Auteur ; A. Jeremy WILLSEY, Auteur ; Daniel MORENO-DE-LUCA, Auteur ; Timothy W. YU, Auteur ; Eric FOMBONNE, Auteur ; Daniel H. GESCHWIND, Auteur ; Dorothy E. GRICE, Auteur ; David H. LEDBETTER, Auteur ; Catherine LORD, Auteur ; Shrikant M. MANE, Auteur ; Donna M. MARTIN, Auteur ; Eric M. MORROW, Auteur ; Christopher A. WALSH, Auteur ; James S. SUTCLIFFE, Auteur ; Matthew W. STATE, Auteur ; Christa Lese MARTIN, Auteur ; Bernie DEVLIN, Auteur ; Arthur L. BEAUDET, Auteur ; Edwin H. Jr COOK, Auteur ; Soo-Jeong KIM, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.355-362 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : 15q11.2  deletion  duplication  penetrance  autism Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The proximal region of chromosome 15 is one of the genomic hotspots for copy number variants (CNVs). Among the rearrangements observed in this region, CNVs from the interval between the common breakpoints 1 and 2 (BP1 and BP2) have been reported cosegregating with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Although evidence supporting an association between BP1-BP2 CNVs and autism accumulates, the magnitude of the effect of BP1-BP2 CNVs remains elusive, posing a great challenge to recurrence-risk counseling. To gain further insight into their pathogenicity for ASD, we estimated the penetrance of the BP1-BP2 CNVs for ASD as well as their effects on ASD-related phenotypes in a well-characterized ASD sample (n?=?2525 families). Transmission disequilibrium test revealed significant preferential transmission only for the duplicated chromosome in probands (20T:9NT). The penetrance of the BP1-BP2 CNVs for ASD was low, conferring additional risks of 0.3% (deletion) and 0.8% (duplication). Stepwise regression analyses suggest a greater effect of the CNVs on ASD-related phenotype in males and when maternally inherited. Taken together, the results are consistent with BP1-BP2 CNVs as risk factors for autism. However, their effect is modest, more akin to that seen for common variants. To be consistent with the current American College of Medical Genetics guidelines for interpretation of postnatal CNV, the BP1-BP2 deletion and duplication CNVs would probably best be classified as variants of uncertain significance (VOUS): they appear to have an impact on risk, but one so modest that these CNVs do not merit pathogenic status. Autism Res 2014, 7: 355–362. © 2014 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1378 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=235 [article] Modest Impact on Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder of Rare Copy Number Variants at 15q11.2, Specifically Breakpoints 1 to 2 [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Pauline CHASTE, Auteur ; Stephan J. SANDERS, Auteur ; Kommu N. MOHAN, Auteur ; Lambertus KLEI, Auteur ; Youeun SONG, Auteur ; Michael T. MURTHA, Auteur ; Vanessa HUS, Auteur ; Jennifer K. LOWE, Auteur ; A. Jeremy WILLSEY, Auteur ; Daniel MORENO-DE-LUCA, Auteur ; Timothy W. YU, Auteur ; Eric FOMBONNE, Auteur ; Daniel H. GESCHWIND, Auteur ; Dorothy E. GRICE, Auteur ; David H. LEDBETTER, Auteur ; Catherine LORD, Auteur ; Shrikant M. MANE, Auteur ; Donna M. MARTIN, Auteur ; Eric M. MORROW, Auteur ; Christopher A. WALSH, Auteur ; James S. SUTCLIFFE, Auteur ; Matthew W. STATE, Auteur ; Christa Lese MARTIN, Auteur ; Bernie DEVLIN, Auteur ; Arthur L. BEAUDET, Auteur ; Edwin H. Jr COOK, Auteur ; Soo-Jeong KIM, Auteur . - p.355-362. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-3 (June 2014) . - p.355-362 Mots-clés : 15q11.2  deletion  duplication  penetrance  autism Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The proximal region of chromosome 15 is one of the genomic hotspots for copy number variants (CNVs). Among the rearrangements observed in this region, CNVs from the interval between the common breakpoints 1 and 2 (BP1 and BP2) have been reported cosegregating with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Although evidence supporting an association between BP1-BP2 CNVs and autism accumulates, the magnitude of the effect of BP1-BP2 CNVs remains elusive, posing a great challenge to recurrence-risk counseling. To gain further insight into their pathogenicity for ASD, we estimated the penetrance of the BP1-BP2 CNVs for ASD as well as their effects on ASD-related phenotypes in a well-characterized ASD sample (n?=?2525 families). Transmission disequilibrium test revealed significant preferential transmission only for the duplicated chromosome in probands (20T:9NT). The penetrance of the BP1-BP2 CNVs for ASD was low, conferring additional risks of 0.3% (deletion) and 0.8% (duplication). Stepwise regression analyses suggest a greater effect of the CNVs on ASD-related phenotype in males and when maternally inherited. Taken together, the results are consistent with BP1-BP2 CNVs as risk factors for autism. However, their effect is modest, more akin to that seen for common variants. To be consistent with the current American College of Medical Genetics guidelines for interpretation of postnatal CNV, the BP1-BP2 deletion and duplication CNVs would probably best be classified as variants of uncertain significance (VOUS): they appear to have an impact on risk, but one so modest that these CNVs do not merit pathogenic status. Autism Res 2014, 7: 355–362. © 2014 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1378 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=235

A Meta-Analysis of Imitation Abilities in Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorders / Laura A. EDWARDS in Autism Research, 7-3 (June 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-3 (June 2014) . - p.363-380 Titre : A Meta-Analysis of Imitation Abilities in Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Laura A. EDWARDS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.363-380 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  imitation  review  meta-analysis  emulation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Although imitation impairments are often reported in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), previous work has not yet determined whether these impairments are significant, specific to ASD, and present across the entire spectrum. This report of 53 studies on imitation in ASD seeks to determine whether individuals with ASD show significant imitation deficits, the magnitude of these deficits, and whether they are specific to ASD. Using standard meta-analytic techniques in a random-effects model, the data reviewed suggest that individuals with ASD show deficits in imitation, performing on average 0.81 SDs below individuals without ASD on imitation tasks. This deficit was specific to the condition of having ASD. Moderator analyses revealed that the average Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) scores of groups of ASD participants were significantly and strongly negatively associated with the imitation abilities of these subjects, but average participant IQ was not associated with imitation abilities. Study setting, novelty of actions, format of imitation tasks (live vs. not), number of actions to imitate, or verbal prompts were not found to significantly affect the sizes of the imitation differences between individuals with and without ASD. The manner in which imitation was operationalized, however, had significant effects on whether imitation deficits were found between individuals with and without ASD. In tests that measured imitation of both form and end points, participants with ASD showed significant deficits compared with those without ASD; on tests of end point emulation only, individuals with ASD showed no deficits. Autism Res 2014, 7: 363–380. © 2014 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1379 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=235 [article] A Meta-Analysis of Imitation Abilities in Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Laura A. EDWARDS, Auteur . - p.363-380. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-3 (June 2014) . - p.363-380 Mots-clés : autism  imitation  review  meta-analysis  emulation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Although imitation impairments are often reported in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), previous work has not yet determined whether these impairments are significant, specific to ASD, and present across the entire spectrum. This report of 53 studies on imitation in ASD seeks to determine whether individuals with ASD show significant imitation deficits, the magnitude of these deficits, and whether they are specific to ASD. Using standard meta-analytic techniques in a random-effects model, the data reviewed suggest that individuals with ASD show deficits in imitation, performing on average 0.81 SDs below individuals without ASD on imitation tasks. This deficit was specific to the condition of having ASD. Moderator analyses revealed that the average Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) scores of groups of ASD participants were significantly and strongly negatively associated with the imitation abilities of these subjects, but average participant IQ was not associated with imitation abilities. Study setting, novelty of actions, format of imitation tasks (live vs. not), number of actions to imitate, or verbal prompts were not found to significantly affect the sizes of the imitation differences between individuals with and without ASD. The manner in which imitation was operationalized, however, had significant effects on whether imitation deficits were found between individuals with and without ASD. In tests that measured imitation of both form and end points, participants with ASD showed significant deficits compared with those without ASD; on tests of end point emulation only, individuals with ASD showed no deficits. Autism Res 2014, 7: 363–380. © 2014 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1379 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=235

Rumination and Perceived Impairment Associated With Depressive Symptoms in a Verbal Adolescent–Adult ASD Sample / Katherine GOTHAM in Autism Research, 7-3 (June 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-3 (June 2014) . - p.381-391 Titre : Rumination and Perceived Impairment Associated With Depressive Symptoms in a Verbal Adolescent–Adult ASD Sample Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Katherine GOTHAM, Auteur ; Somer L. BISHOP, Auteur ; Steven BRUNWASSER, Auteur ; Catherine LORD, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.381-391 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  depression  rumination  insight Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The aim of this study was to examine the association between depressive symptoms and several psychosocial constructs (insight into autism symptoms, rumination, desire for social interaction, and satisfaction with social support) that may play a role in the development or maintenance of depression in verbally fluent adolescents and adults with ASD. Participants included 50 individuals with ASD and verbal IQ???70, aged 16–35 (sample size varied by measure). Elevated depressive symptoms on the Beck Depression Inventory, 2nd edition (BDI-II), were associated with greater self-perceived, autism-related impairments (n?=?48), greater rumination (n?=?21), and lower perceived social support (n?=?37). Rumination tended to moderate the association between self-perceived autism symptoms and BDI-II scores (n?=?21), and was significantly associated with ASD-related insistence on sameness behaviors (n?=?18). An unexpected relationship between depressive features and social participation and motivation will need to be clarified by longitudinal research. These and similar findings contribute to our understanding of the phenomenology of depression in ASD, which is critical to the development of practical prevention and treatment. Autism Res 2014, 7: 381–391. © 2014 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1377 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=235 [article] Rumination and Perceived Impairment Associated With Depressive Symptoms in a Verbal Adolescent–Adult ASD Sample [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Katherine GOTHAM, Auteur ; Somer L. BISHOP, Auteur ; Steven BRUNWASSER, Auteur ; Catherine LORD, Auteur . - p.381-391. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-3 (June 2014) . - p.381-391 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  depression  rumination  insight Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The aim of this study was to examine the association between depressive symptoms and several psychosocial constructs (insight into autism symptoms, rumination, desire for social interaction, and satisfaction with social support) that may play a role in the development or maintenance of depression in verbally fluent adolescents and adults with ASD. Participants included 50 individuals with ASD and verbal IQ???70, aged 16–35 (sample size varied by measure). Elevated depressive symptoms on the Beck Depression Inventory, 2nd edition (BDI-II), were associated with greater self-perceived, autism-related impairments (n?=?48), greater rumination (n?=?21), and lower perceived social support (n?=?37). Rumination tended to moderate the association between self-perceived autism symptoms and BDI-II scores (n?=?21), and was significantly associated with ASD-related insistence on sameness behaviors (n?=?18). An unexpected relationship between depressive features and social participation and motivation will need to be clarified by longitudinal research. These and similar findings contribute to our understanding of the phenomenology of depression in ASD, which is critical to the development of practical prevention and treatment. Autism Res 2014, 7: 381–391. © 2014 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1377 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=235

Propensity to Imitate in Autism Is Not Modulated by the Model's Gaze Direction: An Eye-Tracking Study / Giacomo VIVANTI in Autism Research, 7-3 (June 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-3 (June 2014) . - p.392-399 Titre : Propensity to Imitate in Autism Is Not Modulated by the Model's Gaze Direction: An Eye-Tracking Study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Giacomo VIVANTI, Auteur ; Cheryl DISSANAYAKE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.392-399 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  ASD  imitation  direct gaze  eye-tracking  eye movements Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) show a diminished propensity to imitate others' actions, as well as a diminished sensitivity and responsivity to others' communicative cues, such as a direct gaze. However, it is not known whether failure to appreciate the communicative value of a direct gaze is associated with imitation abnormalities in this population. In this eye-tracking study, we investigated how 25 preschoolers with ASD, compared with 25 developmental and chronological age-matched children, imitate actions that are associated with a model's direct gaze versus averted gaze. We found that the model's direct gaze immediately prior to the demonstration increased the attention to the model and the propensity to imitate the demonstrated action in children without ASD. In contrast, preschoolers with ASD showed a similar propensity to look at the model's face and to imitate the demonstrated actions across the direct gaze and the averted gaze conditions. These data indicate that atypical imitation in ASD might be linked to abnormal processing of the model's communicative signals (such as a direct gaze) that modulate imitative behaviours in individuals without ASD. Autism Res 2014, 7: 392–399. © 2014 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1376 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=235 [article] Propensity to Imitate in Autism Is Not Modulated by the Model's Gaze Direction: An Eye-Tracking Study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Giacomo VIVANTI, Auteur ; Cheryl DISSANAYAKE, Auteur . - p.392-399. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-3 (June 2014) . - p.392-399 Mots-clés : autism  ASD  imitation  direct gaze  eye-tracking  eye movements Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) show a diminished propensity to imitate others' actions, as well as a diminished sensitivity and responsivity to others' communicative cues, such as a direct gaze. However, it is not known whether failure to appreciate the communicative value of a direct gaze is associated with imitation abnormalities in this population. In this eye-tracking study, we investigated how 25 preschoolers with ASD, compared with 25 developmental and chronological age-matched children, imitate actions that are associated with a model's direct gaze versus averted gaze. We found that the model's direct gaze immediately prior to the demonstration increased the attention to the model and the propensity to imitate the demonstrated action in children without ASD. In contrast, preschoolers with ASD showed a similar propensity to look at the model's face and to imitate the demonstrated actions across the direct gaze and the averted gaze conditions. These data indicate that atypical imitation in ASD might be linked to abnormal processing of the model's communicative signals (such as a direct gaze) that modulate imitative behaviours in individuals without ASD. Autism Res 2014, 7: 392–399. © 2014 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1376 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=235

Lay Abstract in Autism Research, 7-3 (June 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-3 (June 2014) . - p.400-404 Titre : Lay Abstract Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Article en page(s) : p.400-404 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1399 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=235 [article] Lay Abstract [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] . - p.400-404. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-3 (June 2014) . - p.400-404 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1399 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=235

International Society for Autism Research News in Autism Research, 7-3 (June 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-3 (June 2014) . - p.405-405 Titre : International Society for Autism Research News Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Article en page(s) : p.405-405 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1400 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=235 [article] International Society for Autism Research News [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] . - p.405-405. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-3 (June 2014) . - p.405-405 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1400 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=235