Dépouillements

Addressing the need for high quality research on autism in adulthood / Patricia HOWLIN in Autism, 19-7 (October 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 19-7 (October 2015) . - p.771-773 Titre : Addressing the need for high quality research on autism in adulthood Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Patricia HOWLIN, Auteur ; Julie LOUNDS TAYLOR, Auteur Année de publication : 2015 Article en page(s) : p.771-773 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361315595582 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=269 [article] Addressing the need for high quality research on autism in adulthood [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Patricia HOWLIN, Auteur ; Julie LOUNDS TAYLOR, Auteur . - 2015 . - p.771-773. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 19-7 (October 2015) . - p.771-773 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361315595582 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=269

Daily living skills in individuals with autism spectrum disorder from 2 to 21 years of age / Vanessa H. BAL in Autism, 19-7 (October 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 19-7 (October 2015) . - p.774-784 Titre : Daily living skills in individuals with autism spectrum disorder from 2 to 21 years of age Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Vanessa H. BAL, Auteur ; So-Hyun KIM, Auteur ; Daniel CHEONG, Auteur ; Catherine LORD, Auteur Année de publication : 2015 Article en page(s) : p.774-784 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adaptive behavior  adults  autism spectrum disorders Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Daily living skills (DLS), such as personal hygiene, meal preparation, and money management, are important to independent living. Research suggests that many individuals with autism spectrum disorder exhibit impairments in daily living skills relative to their cognitive skills. This study examined predictors of daily living skills attainment and trajectories of daily living skills in a longitudinal sample referred for possible autism spectrum disorder and followed from 2 to 21?years of age. Consistent with previous studies, participants with autism spectrum disorder and nonspectrum diagnoses showed continual development of daily living skills throughout childhood and adolescence. Early childhood nonverbal mental age was the strongest predictor of daily living skills attainment for both diagnostic groups. Group-based modeling suggested two distinct trajectories of daily living skills development for participants with autism spectrum disorder. Skill levels for both groups of young adults with autism spectrum disorder remained considerably below age level expectations. Whereas the “High-DLS” group gained approximately 12?years in daily living skills from T2 to T21, the “Low-DLS” group’s daily living skills improved 3–4?years over the 16- to 19-year study period. Nonverbal mental age, receptive language, and social-communication impairment at 2?years predicted High- versus Low-DLS group membership. Receiving greater than 20?h of parent-implemented intervention before age 3 was also associated with daily living skills trajectory. Results suggest that daily living skills should be a focus of treatment plans for individuals with autism spectrum disorder, particularly adolescents transitioning to young adulthood. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361315575840 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=269 [article] Daily living skills in individuals with autism spectrum disorder from 2 to 21 years of age [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Vanessa H. BAL, Auteur ; So-Hyun KIM, Auteur ; Daniel CHEONG, Auteur ; Catherine LORD, Auteur . - 2015 . - p.774-784. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 19-7 (October 2015) . - p.774-784 Mots-clés : adaptive behavior  adults  autism spectrum disorders Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Daily living skills (DLS), such as personal hygiene, meal preparation, and money management, are important to independent living. Research suggests that many individuals with autism spectrum disorder exhibit impairments in daily living skills relative to their cognitive skills. This study examined predictors of daily living skills attainment and trajectories of daily living skills in a longitudinal sample referred for possible autism spectrum disorder and followed from 2 to 21?years of age. Consistent with previous studies, participants with autism spectrum disorder and nonspectrum diagnoses showed continual development of daily living skills throughout childhood and adolescence. Early childhood nonverbal mental age was the strongest predictor of daily living skills attainment for both diagnostic groups. Group-based modeling suggested two distinct trajectories of daily living skills development for participants with autism spectrum disorder. Skill levels for both groups of young adults with autism spectrum disorder remained considerably below age level expectations. Whereas the “High-DLS” group gained approximately 12?years in daily living skills from T2 to T21, the “Low-DLS” group’s daily living skills improved 3–4?years over the 16- to 19-year study period. Nonverbal mental age, receptive language, and social-communication impairment at 2?years predicted High- versus Low-DLS group membership. Receiving greater than 20?h of parent-implemented intervention before age 3 was also associated with daily living skills trajectory. Results suggest that daily living skills should be a focus of treatment plans for individuals with autism spectrum disorder, particularly adolescents transitioning to young adulthood. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361315575840 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=269

Longitudinal patterns of employment and postsecondary education for adults with autism and average-range IQ / Julie LOUNDS TAYLOR in Autism, 19-7 (October 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 19-7 (October 2015) . - p.785-793 Titre : Longitudinal patterns of employment and postsecondary education for adults with autism and average-range IQ Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Julie LOUNDS TAYLOR, Auteur ; Natalie A. HENNINGER, Auteur ; Marsha R. MAILICK, Auteur Année de publication : 2015 Article en page(s) : p.785-793 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adult  autism spectrum disorder  employment  longitudinal  postsecondary education Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study examined correlates of participation in postsecondary education and employment over 12?years for 73 adults with autism spectrum disorders and average-range IQ whose families were part of a larger, longitudinal study. Correlates included demographic (sex, maternal education, paternal education), behavioral (activities of daily living, maladaptive behaviors, autism symptoms), and family (size of maternal social network; maternal depressive symptoms, anxiety, and pessimism) factors. Although two-thirds of adults with autism spectrum disorder participated in competitive employment/postsecondary education during the study, fewer than 25% maintained these activities over the study period. Behavioral characteristics distinguished those who never had competitive employment/postsecondary education from those who sometimes or consistently participated in these activities. Women were considerably less likely than men to maintain employment/postsecondary education over time. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361315585643 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=269 [article] Longitudinal patterns of employment and postsecondary education for adults with autism and average-range IQ [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Julie LOUNDS TAYLOR, Auteur ; Natalie A. HENNINGER, Auteur ; Marsha R. MAILICK, Auteur . - 2015 . - p.785-793. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 19-7 (October 2015) . - p.785-793 Mots-clés : adult  autism spectrum disorder  employment  longitudinal  postsecondary education Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study examined correlates of participation in postsecondary education and employment over 12?years for 73 adults with autism spectrum disorders and average-range IQ whose families were part of a larger, longitudinal study. Correlates included demographic (sex, maternal education, paternal education), behavioral (activities of daily living, maladaptive behaviors, autism symptoms), and family (size of maternal social network; maternal depressive symptoms, anxiety, and pessimism) factors. Although two-thirds of adults with autism spectrum disorder participated in competitive employment/postsecondary education during the study, fewer than 25% maintained these activities over the study period. Behavioral characteristics distinguished those who never had competitive employment/postsecondary education from those who sometimes or consistently participated in these activities. Women were considerably less likely than men to maintain employment/postsecondary education over time. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361315585643 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=269

Characterizing the daily life, needs, and priorities of adults with autism spectrum disorder from Interactive Autism Network data / Katherine GOTHAM in Autism, 19-7 (October 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 19-7 (October 2015) . - p.794-804 Titre : Characterizing the daily life, needs, and priorities of adults with autism spectrum disorder from Interactive Autism Network data Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Katherine GOTHAM, Auteur ; Alison R. MARVIN, Auteur ; Julie LOUNDS TAYLOR, Auteur ; Zachary WARREN, Auteur ; Connie M. ANDERSON, Auteur ; Paul A. LAW, Auteur ; Jessica K. LAW, Auteur ; Paul H. LIPKIN, Auteur Année de publication : 2015 Article en page(s) : p.794-804 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adults  autism spectrum disorder  Interactive Autism Network  outcome  patient-centered outcome research Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Using online survey data from a large sample of adults with autism spectrum disorder and legal guardians, we first report outcomes across a variety of contexts for participants with a wide range of functioning, and second, summarize these stakeholders’ priorities for future research. The sample included n?=?255 self-reporting adults with autism spectrum disorder aged 18–71?years (M?=?38.5?years, standard deviation?=?13.1?years) and n?=?143 adults with autism spectrum disorder aged 18–58?years (M?=?25.0?years, standard deviation?=?8.2?years) whose information was provided by legal guardians. Although the self-reporting subsample had much higher rates of employment, marriage/partnership, and independent living than are typically seen in autism spectrum disorder outcome studies, they remained underemployed and had strikingly high rates of comorbid disorders. Data on both descriptive outcomes and rated priorities converged across subsamples to indicate the need for more adult research on life skills, treatments, co-occurring conditions, and vocational and educational opportunities. Stakeholders also placed priority on improving public services, health care access, and above all, public acceptance of adults with autism spectrum disorder. Findings must be interpreted in light of the self-reporting subsample’s significant proportion of females and of later-diagnosed individuals. This study underscores the need for lifespan research; initiatives will benefit from incorporating information from the unique perspectives of adults with autism spectrum disorder and their families. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361315583818 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=269 [article] Characterizing the daily life, needs, and priorities of adults with autism spectrum disorder from Interactive Autism Network data [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Katherine GOTHAM, Auteur ; Alison R. MARVIN, Auteur ; Julie LOUNDS TAYLOR, Auteur ; Zachary WARREN, Auteur ; Connie M. ANDERSON, Auteur ; Paul A. LAW, Auteur ; Jessica K. LAW, Auteur ; Paul H. LIPKIN, Auteur . - 2015 . - p.794-804. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 19-7 (October 2015) . - p.794-804 Mots-clés : adults  autism spectrum disorder  Interactive Autism Network  outcome  patient-centered outcome research Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Using online survey data from a large sample of adults with autism spectrum disorder and legal guardians, we first report outcomes across a variety of contexts for participants with a wide range of functioning, and second, summarize these stakeholders’ priorities for future research. The sample included n?=?255 self-reporting adults with autism spectrum disorder aged 18–71?years (M?=?38.5?years, standard deviation?=?13.1?years) and n?=?143 adults with autism spectrum disorder aged 18–58?years (M?=?25.0?years, standard deviation?=?8.2?years) whose information was provided by legal guardians. Although the self-reporting subsample had much higher rates of employment, marriage/partnership, and independent living than are typically seen in autism spectrum disorder outcome studies, they remained underemployed and had strikingly high rates of comorbid disorders. Data on both descriptive outcomes and rated priorities converged across subsamples to indicate the need for more adult research on life skills, treatments, co-occurring conditions, and vocational and educational opportunities. Stakeholders also placed priority on improving public services, health care access, and above all, public acceptance of adults with autism spectrum disorder. Findings must be interpreted in light of the self-reporting subsample’s significant proportion of females and of later-diagnosed individuals. This study underscores the need for lifespan research; initiatives will benefit from incorporating information from the unique perspectives of adults with autism spectrum disorder and their families. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361315583818 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=269

Still stressed but feeling better: Well-being in autism spectrum disorder families as children become adults / Pilar POZO in Autism, 19-7 (October 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 19-7 (October 2015) . - p.805-813 Titre : Still stressed but feeling better: Well-being in autism spectrum disorder families as children become adults Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Pilar POZO, Auteur ; Encarnacion SARRIA, Auteur Année de publication : 2015 Article en page(s) : p.805-813 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : anxiety  autism spectrum disorders  behaviour problems  cross-sectional study  depression  parental adaptation  psychological well-being  stress  sense of coherence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The transition to adulthood and adulthood itself have been identified as times of stress for parents of individuals with autism spectrum disorder. Longitudinal studies, however, show improvements in the well-being of mothers of adolescents and young adults with autism spectrum disorder. This article presents a cross-sectional study of 102 Spanish parents (51 mothers and 51 fathers) of 102 individuals with autism spectrum disorder. The aim was to examine parental well-being (evaluated based on stress, anxiety, depression and psychological well-being) in three groups of parents of adults, adolescents and young children with autism spectrum disorder. In addition, the relationships between parental well-being and the characteristics of their children, social support, parental age and sense of coherence were analysed. The results showed that although parental stress and psychological well-being levels were similar across the groups, depression and anxiety were lower in parents of adolescents or adults compared with parents of young children. Different factors predicted different measures of parental well-being, but sense of coherence emerged as the main predictive factor for all parental well-being measures. These findings are discussed in relation to parental adaptation over the lifespan and the implications for interventions in autism spectrum disorder families. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361315583191 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=269 [article] Still stressed but feeling better: Well-being in autism spectrum disorder families as children become adults [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Pilar POZO, Auteur ; Encarnacion SARRIA, Auteur . - 2015 . - p.805-813. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 19-7 (October 2015) . - p.805-813 Mots-clés : anxiety  autism spectrum disorders  behaviour problems  cross-sectional study  depression  parental adaptation  psychological well-being  stress  sense of coherence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The transition to adulthood and adulthood itself have been identified as times of stress for parents of individuals with autism spectrum disorder. Longitudinal studies, however, show improvements in the well-being of mothers of adolescents and young adults with autism spectrum disorder. This article presents a cross-sectional study of 102 Spanish parents (51 mothers and 51 fathers) of 102 individuals with autism spectrum disorder. The aim was to examine parental well-being (evaluated based on stress, anxiety, depression and psychological well-being) in three groups of parents of adults, adolescents and young children with autism spectrum disorder. In addition, the relationships between parental well-being and the characteristics of their children, social support, parental age and sense of coherence were analysed. The results showed that although parental stress and psychological well-being levels were similar across the groups, depression and anxiety were lower in parents of adolescents or adults compared with parents of young children. Different factors predicted different measures of parental well-being, but sense of coherence emerged as the main predictive factor for all parental well-being measures. These findings are discussed in relation to parental adaptation over the lifespan and the implications for interventions in autism spectrum disorder families. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361315583191 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=269

The health status of adults on the autism spectrum / Lisa A. CROEN in Autism, 19-7 (October 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 19-7 (October 2015) . - p.814-823 Titre : The health status of adults on the autism spectrum Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lisa A. CROEN, Auteur ; Ousseny ZERBO, Auteur ; Yinge QIAN, Auteur ; Maria L. MASSOLO, Auteur ; Steve RICH, Auteur ; Stephen SIDNEY, Auteur ; Clarissa KRIPKE, Auteur Année de publication : 2015 Article en page(s) : p.814-823 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adults  autism spectrum disorders  medical comorbidity  psychiatric comorbidity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Compared to the general pediatric population, children with autism have higher rates of co-occurring medical and psychiatric illnesses, yet very little is known about the general health status of adults with autism. The objective of this study was to describe the frequency of psychiatric and medical conditions among a large, diverse, insured population of adults with autism in the United States. Participants were adult members of Kaiser Permanente Northern California enrolled from 2008 to 2012. Autism spectrum disorder cases (N?=?1507) were adults with autism spectrum disorder diagnoses (International Classification of Diseases-9-Clinical Modification codes 299.0, 299.8, 299.9) recorded in medical records on at least two separate occasions. Controls (N?=?15,070) were adults without any autism spectrum disorder diagnoses sampled at a 10:1 ratio and frequency matched to cases on sex and age. Adults with autism had significantly increased rates of all major psychiatric disorders including depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, obsessive–compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, and suicide attempts. Nearly all medical conditions were significantly more common in adults with autism, including immune conditions, gastrointestinal and sleep disorders, seizure, obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes. Rarer conditions, such as stroke and Parkinson’s disease, were also significantly more common among adults with autism. Future research is needed to understand the social, healthcare access, and biological factors underlying these observations. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361315577517 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=269 [article] The health status of adults on the autism spectrum [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lisa A. CROEN, Auteur ; Ousseny ZERBO, Auteur ; Yinge QIAN, Auteur ; Maria L. MASSOLO, Auteur ; Steve RICH, Auteur ; Stephen SIDNEY, Auteur ; Clarissa KRIPKE, Auteur . - 2015 . - p.814-823. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 19-7 (October 2015) . - p.814-823 Mots-clés : adults  autism spectrum disorders  medical comorbidity  psychiatric comorbidity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Compared to the general pediatric population, children with autism have higher rates of co-occurring medical and psychiatric illnesses, yet very little is known about the general health status of adults with autism. The objective of this study was to describe the frequency of psychiatric and medical conditions among a large, diverse, insured population of adults with autism in the United States. Participants were adult members of Kaiser Permanente Northern California enrolled from 2008 to 2012. Autism spectrum disorder cases (N?=?1507) were adults with autism spectrum disorder diagnoses (International Classification of Diseases-9-Clinical Modification codes 299.0, 299.8, 299.9) recorded in medical records on at least two separate occasions. Controls (N?=?15,070) were adults without any autism spectrum disorder diagnoses sampled at a 10:1 ratio and frequency matched to cases on sex and age. Adults with autism had significantly increased rates of all major psychiatric disorders including depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, obsessive–compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, and suicide attempts. Nearly all medical conditions were significantly more common in adults with autism, including immune conditions, gastrointestinal and sleep disorders, seizure, obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes. Rarer conditions, such as stroke and Parkinson’s disease, were also significantly more common among adults with autism. Future research is needed to understand the social, healthcare access, and biological factors underlying these observations. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361315577517 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=269

“Respect the way I need to communicate with you”: Healthcare experiences of adults on the autism spectrum / Christina NICOLAIDIS in Autism, 19-7 (October 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 19-7 (October 2015) . - p.824-831 Titre : “Respect the way I need to communicate with you”: Healthcare experiences of adults on the autism spectrum Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Christina NICOLAIDIS, Auteur ; Dora M. RAYMAKER, Auteur ; Elesia ASHKENAZY, Auteur ; Katherine E. MCDONALD, Auteur ; Sebastian DERN, Auteur ; Amelia E. V. BAGGS, Auteur ; Steven K. KAPP, Auteur ; Michael WEINER, Auteur ; W. Cody BOISCLAIR, Auteur Année de publication : 2015 Article en page(s) : p.824-831 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adults  autism spectrum disorders  community-based participatory research  health services  qualitative research Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Our objective was to obtain an in-depth understanding of autistic adults’ experiences with healthcare and their recommendations for improving care. Our academic–community partnership used a community-based participatory research approach to conduct semi-structured, open-ended interviews with 39 autistic adults and 16 people who had experience supporting autistic adults in healthcare settings. Participants identified patient-level, autism-related factors that impact healthcare interactions, including verbal communication skills, sensory sensitivities, challenges with body awareness, slow processing speed, atypical non-verbal communication, and challenges with organization. However, the success of healthcare interactions largely depended on the interplay between patient- and provider-level factors, as well as the larger context in which patients were receiving care. Provider-level factors included providers’ knowledge about autism in adults, incorrect assumptions about individual patients, willingness to allow written communication, use of accessible language, openness to providing other accommodations, and skill in appropriately incorporating supporters. System-level factors included the availability of supporters, complexity of the healthcare system, accessibility of healthcare facilities, and stigma about autism. Further efforts are needed to empower patients, adequately train providers, increase the accessibility of the healthcare system, and decrease discrimination. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361315576221 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=269 [article] “Respect the way I need to communicate with you”: Healthcare experiences of adults on the autism spectrum [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Christina NICOLAIDIS, Auteur ; Dora M. RAYMAKER, Auteur ; Elesia ASHKENAZY, Auteur ; Katherine E. MCDONALD, Auteur ; Sebastian DERN, Auteur ; Amelia E. V. BAGGS, Auteur ; Steven K. KAPP, Auteur ; Michael WEINER, Auteur ; W. Cody BOISCLAIR, Auteur . - 2015 . - p.824-831. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 19-7 (October 2015) . - p.824-831 Mots-clés : adults  autism spectrum disorders  community-based participatory research  health services  qualitative research Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Our objective was to obtain an in-depth understanding of autistic adults’ experiences with healthcare and their recommendations for improving care. Our academic–community partnership used a community-based participatory research approach to conduct semi-structured, open-ended interviews with 39 autistic adults and 16 people who had experience supporting autistic adults in healthcare settings. Participants identified patient-level, autism-related factors that impact healthcare interactions, including verbal communication skills, sensory sensitivities, challenges with body awareness, slow processing speed, atypical non-verbal communication, and challenges with organization. However, the success of healthcare interactions largely depended on the interplay between patient- and provider-level factors, as well as the larger context in which patients were receiving care. Provider-level factors included providers’ knowledge about autism in adults, incorrect assumptions about individual patients, willingness to allow written communication, use of accessible language, openness to providing other accommodations, and skill in appropriately incorporating supporters. System-level factors included the availability of supporters, complexity of the healthcare system, accessibility of healthcare facilities, and stigma about autism. Further efforts are needed to empower patients, adequately train providers, increase the accessibility of the healthcare system, and decrease discrimination. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361315576221 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=269

Self and informant reports of mental health difficulties among adults with autism findings from a long-term follow-up study / Philippa MOSS in Autism, 19-7 (October 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 19-7 (October 2015) . - p.832-841 Titre : Self and informant reports of mental health difficulties among adults with autism findings from a long-term follow-up study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Philippa MOSS, Auteur ; Patricia HOWLIN, Auteur ; Sarah SAVAGE, Auteur ; Patrick BOLTON, Auteur ; Michael RUTTER, Auteur Année de publication : 2015 Article en page(s) : p.832-841 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adults  autism spectrum disorders  mental health  psychiatric comorbidity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Data on psychiatric problems in adults with autism are inconsistent, with estimated rates ranging from around 25% to over 75%. We assessed difficulties related to mental health in 58 adults with autism (10 females, 48 males; mean age 44?years) whom we have followed over four decades. All were of average non-verbal intelligence quotient when diagnosed as children. Overall ratings of mental health problems were based on data from the Family History Schedule (Bolton et al., 1994). Informant reports indicated that many of the cohort (44%) had experienced no mental health problems in adulthood; 28% had experienced mild to moderate difficulties, 23% had severe and 5% very severe problems. Depression was the most commonly reported problem. Among those adults (n?=?22) able to report on their own mental state, again many (45%) reported no mental health problems, although 27% reported very severe mental health problems related to anxiety, depression and/or obsessive–compulsive symptoms. Informant ratings of poor mental health were not associated with gender, severity of autism in childhood, or child or adult intelligence quotient, but there were small correlations with overall social functioning (rho?=?0.34) and current autism severity (rho?=?0.37). The findings highlight the difficulties of assessing mental health problems in adults with autism and the need for appropriately validated measures. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361315585916 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=269 [article] Self and informant reports of mental health difficulties among adults with autism findings from a long-term follow-up study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Philippa MOSS, Auteur ; Patricia HOWLIN, Auteur ; Sarah SAVAGE, Auteur ; Patrick BOLTON, Auteur ; Michael RUTTER, Auteur . - 2015 . - p.832-841. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 19-7 (October 2015) . - p.832-841 Mots-clés : adults  autism spectrum disorders  mental health  psychiatric comorbidity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Data on psychiatric problems in adults with autism are inconsistent, with estimated rates ranging from around 25% to over 75%. We assessed difficulties related to mental health in 58 adults with autism (10 females, 48 males; mean age 44?years) whom we have followed over four decades. All were of average non-verbal intelligence quotient when diagnosed as children. Overall ratings of mental health problems were based on data from the Family History Schedule (Bolton et al., 1994). Informant reports indicated that many of the cohort (44%) had experienced no mental health problems in adulthood; 28% had experienced mild to moderate difficulties, 23% had severe and 5% very severe problems. Depression was the most commonly reported problem. Among those adults (n?=?22) able to report on their own mental state, again many (45%) reported no mental health problems, although 27% reported very severe mental health problems related to anxiety, depression and/or obsessive–compulsive symptoms. Informant ratings of poor mental health were not associated with gender, severity of autism in childhood, or child or adult intelligence quotient, but there were small correlations with overall social functioning (rho?=?0.34) and current autism severity (rho?=?0.37). The findings highlight the difficulties of assessing mental health problems in adults with autism and the need for appropriately validated measures. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361315585916 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=269

Predictive validity of self-report questionnaires in the assessment of autism spectrum disorders in adults / Bram B. SIZOO in Autism, 19-7 (October 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 19-7 (October 2015) . - p.842-849 Titre : Predictive validity of self-report questionnaires in the assessment of autism spectrum disorders in adults Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Bram B. SIZOO, Auteur ; E. H. HORWITZ, Auteur ; J. P. TEUNISSE, Auteur ; C. C. KAN, Auteur ; Constance T. W. M. VISSERS, Auteur ; E. J. M. FORCEVILLE, Auteur ; A. J. P. VAN VOORST, Auteur ; H. M. GEURTS, Auteur Année de publication : 2015 Article en page(s) : p.842-849 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  Autism-Spectrum Quotient  casefinding  RAADS-R-NL  self-report questionnaires Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : While various screening instruments for autism spectrum disorders are widely used in diagnostic assessments, their psychometric properties have not been simultaneously evaluated in the outpatient setting where these instruments are used most. In this study, we tested the Ritvo Autism Asperger Diagnostic Scale–Revised and two short versions of the Autism-Spectrum Quotient, the AQ-28 and AQ-10, in 210 patients referred for autism spectrum disorder assessment and in 63 controls. Of the 210 patients, 139 received an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis and 71 received another psychiatric diagnosis. The positive predictive values indicate that these tests correctly identified autism spectrum disorder patients in almost 80% of the referred cases. However, the negative predictive values suggest that only half of the referred patients without autism spectrum disorder were correctly identified. The sensitivity and specificity of each of these instruments were much lower than the values reported in the literature. In this study, the sensitivity of the Ritvo Autism Asperger Diagnostic Scale–Revised was the highest (73%), and the Autism-Spectrum Quotient short forms had the highest specificity (70% and 72%). Based on the similar area under the curve values, there is no clear preference for any of the three instruments. None of these instruments have sufficient validity to reliably predict a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder in outpatient settings. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361315589869 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=269 [article] Predictive validity of self-report questionnaires in the assessment of autism spectrum disorders in adults [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Bram B. SIZOO, Auteur ; E. H. HORWITZ, Auteur ; J. P. TEUNISSE, Auteur ; C. C. KAN, Auteur ; Constance T. W. M. VISSERS, Auteur ; E. J. M. FORCEVILLE, Auteur ; A. J. P. VAN VOORST, Auteur ; H. M. GEURTS, Auteur . - 2015 . - p.842-849. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 19-7 (October 2015) . - p.842-849 Mots-clés : autism  Autism-Spectrum Quotient  casefinding  RAADS-R-NL  self-report questionnaires Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : While various screening instruments for autism spectrum disorders are widely used in diagnostic assessments, their psychometric properties have not been simultaneously evaluated in the outpatient setting where these instruments are used most. In this study, we tested the Ritvo Autism Asperger Diagnostic Scale–Revised and two short versions of the Autism-Spectrum Quotient, the AQ-28 and AQ-10, in 210 patients referred for autism spectrum disorder assessment and in 63 controls. Of the 210 patients, 139 received an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis and 71 received another psychiatric diagnosis. The positive predictive values indicate that these tests correctly identified autism spectrum disorder patients in almost 80% of the referred cases. However, the negative predictive values suggest that only half of the referred patients without autism spectrum disorder were correctly identified. The sensitivity and specificity of each of these instruments were much lower than the values reported in the literature. In this study, the sensitivity of the Ritvo Autism Asperger Diagnostic Scale–Revised was the highest (73%), and the Autism-Spectrum Quotient short forms had the highest specificity (70% and 72%). Based on the similar area under the curve values, there is no clear preference for any of the three instruments. None of these instruments have sufficient validity to reliably predict a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder in outpatient settings. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361315589869 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=269

Offending profiles of individuals with autism spectrum disorder: A study of all individuals with autism spectrum disorder examined by the forensic psychiatric service in Norway between 2000 and 2010 / Sissel Berge HELVERSCHOU in Autism, 19-7 (October 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 19-7 (October 2015) . - p.850-858 Titre : Offending profiles of individuals with autism spectrum disorder: A study of all individuals with autism spectrum disorder examined by the forensic psychiatric service in Norway between 2000 and 2010 Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sissel Berge HELVERSCHOU, Auteur ; Kirsten RASMUSSEN, Auteur ; Kari STEINDAL, Auteur ; Erik SØNDANAA, Auteur ; Britta NILSSON, Auteur ; Jim Aage NØTTESTAD, Auteur Année de publication : 2015 Article en page(s) : p.850-858 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adults  autism spectrum disorders Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study examined the characteristics of adults with autism spectrum disorder who have undergone a forensic examination and explored any relationships between the diagnosis and the offence. The reports described 41 men and 7 women. The autism spectrum disorder was diagnosed late (mean age: 25.3?years), and 22 of the 48 cases were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder for the first time by the forensic experts. The education level and employment status were low. Family networks were close, but social networks outside the family were limited. Co-morbid diagnoses were common, and more than half of the group knew their victims. The examined individuals constitute a vulnerable and heterogeneous group, as do offenders within other diagnostic categories. Unlike most others who commit criminal acts, the majority of the individuals with autism spectrum disorder in this study showed no evidence of substance abuse, had a close relationship to their victims and were willing to confess to the accused crime. No clear association between the characteristics of autism spectrum disorder and the criminal act were identified, but in most cases, autism spectrum disorder characteristics, such as idiosyncratic comprehensions and obsessions appeared to be related to the motive for the offence. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361315584571 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=269 [article] Offending profiles of individuals with autism spectrum disorder: A study of all individuals with autism spectrum disorder examined by the forensic psychiatric service in Norway between 2000 and 2010 [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sissel Berge HELVERSCHOU, Auteur ; Kirsten RASMUSSEN, Auteur ; Kari STEINDAL, Auteur ; Erik SØNDANAA, Auteur ; Britta NILSSON, Auteur ; Jim Aage NØTTESTAD, Auteur . - 2015 . - p.850-858. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 19-7 (October 2015) . - p.850-858 Mots-clés : adults  autism spectrum disorders Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study examined the characteristics of adults with autism spectrum disorder who have undergone a forensic examination and explored any relationships between the diagnosis and the offence. The reports described 41 men and 7 women. The autism spectrum disorder was diagnosed late (mean age: 25.3?years), and 22 of the 48 cases were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder for the first time by the forensic experts. The education level and employment status were low. Family networks were close, but social networks outside the family were limited. Co-morbid diagnoses were common, and more than half of the group knew their victims. The examined individuals constitute a vulnerable and heterogeneous group, as do offenders within other diagnostic categories. Unlike most others who commit criminal acts, the majority of the individuals with autism spectrum disorder in this study showed no evidence of substance abuse, had a close relationship to their victims and were willing to confess to the accused crime. No clear association between the characteristics of autism spectrum disorder and the criminal act were identified, but in most cases, autism spectrum disorder characteristics, such as idiosyncratic comprehensions and obsessions appeared to be related to the motive for the offence. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361315584571 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=269

Further understanding of complex information processing in verbal adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorders / Diane L. WILLIAMS in Autism, 19-7 (October 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 19-7 (October 2015) . - p.859-867 Titre : Further understanding of complex information processing in verbal adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Diane L. WILLIAMS, Auteur ; Nancy J. MINSHEW, Auteur ; Gerald GOLDSTEIN, Auteur Année de publication : 2015 Article en page(s) : p.859-867 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adults  autism spectrum disorders  conceptual reasoning  information processing  language Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : More than 20?years ago, Minshew and colleagues proposed the Complex Information Processing model of autism in which the impairment is characterized as a generalized deficit involving multiple modalities and cognitive domains that depend on distributed cortical systems responsible for higher order abilities. Subsequent behavioral work revealed a related dissociation between concept formation and concept identification in autism suggesting the lack of an underlying organizational structure to manage increases in processing loads. The results of a recent study supported the impact of this relative weakness in conceptual reasoning on adaptive functioning in children and adults with autism. In this study, we provide further evidence of the difficulty relatively able older adolescents and adults with autism have with conceptual reasoning and provide evidence that this characterizes their difference from age- and ability-matched controls with typical development better than their differences in language. For verbal adults with autism, language may serve as a bootstrap or compensatory mechanism for learning but cannot overcome an inherent weakness in concept formation that makes information processing challenging as task demands increase. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361315586171 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=269 [article] Further understanding of complex information processing in verbal adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Diane L. WILLIAMS, Auteur ; Nancy J. MINSHEW, Auteur ; Gerald GOLDSTEIN, Auteur . - 2015 . - p.859-867. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 19-7 (October 2015) . - p.859-867 Mots-clés : adults  autism spectrum disorders  conceptual reasoning  information processing  language Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : More than 20?years ago, Minshew and colleagues proposed the Complex Information Processing model of autism in which the impairment is characterized as a generalized deficit involving multiple modalities and cognitive domains that depend on distributed cortical systems responsible for higher order abilities. Subsequent behavioral work revealed a related dissociation between concept formation and concept identification in autism suggesting the lack of an underlying organizational structure to manage increases in processing loads. The results of a recent study supported the impact of this relative weakness in conceptual reasoning on adaptive functioning in children and adults with autism. In this study, we provide further evidence of the difficulty relatively able older adolescents and adults with autism have with conceptual reasoning and provide evidence that this characterizes their difference from age- and ability-matched controls with typical development better than their differences in language. For verbal adults with autism, language may serve as a bootstrap or compensatory mechanism for learning but cannot overcome an inherent weakness in concept formation that makes information processing challenging as task demands increase. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361315586171 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=269

The use of eye-tracking to explore social difficulties in cognitively able students with autism spectrum disorder: A pilot investigation / Mary HANLEY in Autism, 19-7 (October 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 19-7 (October 2015) . - p.868-873 Titre : The use of eye-tracking to explore social difficulties in cognitively able students with autism spectrum disorder: A pilot investigation Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Mary HANLEY, Auteur ; Debbie M. RIBY, Auteur ; Clare CARTY, Auteur ; Annie MELAUGH MCATEER, Auteur ; Andrew KENNEDY, Auteur ; Martin MCPHILLIPS, Auteur Année de publication : 2015 Article en page(s) : p.868-873 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  spectrum disorders  eye-tracking  high functioning  social attention  social awareness  social interaction Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with autism spectrum disorder do not just ‘grow out of’ their early difficulties in understanding the social world. Even for those who are cognitively able, autism-related difficulties continue into adulthood. Atypicalities attending to and interpreting communicative signals from others can provide barriers to success in education, employment and relationships. In the current study, we use eye-tracking during real social interaction to explore attention to social cues (e.g. face, eyes, mouth) and links to social awareness in a group of cognitively able University students with autism spectrum disorder and typically developing students from the same University. During the interaction, students with autism spectrum disorder showed less eye fixation and more mouth fixation than typically developing students. Importantly, while 63% of typically developing participants reported thinking they were deceived about the true nature of the interaction, only 9% of autism spectrum disorder participants picked up this subtle social signal. We argue that understanding how these social attentional and social awareness difficulties manifest during adulthood is important given the growing number of adults with autism spectrum disorder who are attending higher level education. These adults may be particularly susceptible to drop-out due to demands of coping in situations where social awareness is so important. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361315580767 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=269 [article] The use of eye-tracking to explore social difficulties in cognitively able students with autism spectrum disorder: A pilot investigation [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Mary HANLEY, Auteur ; Debbie M. RIBY, Auteur ; Clare CARTY, Auteur ; Annie MELAUGH MCATEER, Auteur ; Andrew KENNEDY, Auteur ; Martin MCPHILLIPS, Auteur . - 2015 . - p.868-873. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 19-7 (October 2015) . - p.868-873 Mots-clés : autism  spectrum disorders  eye-tracking  high functioning  social attention  social awareness  social interaction Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with autism spectrum disorder do not just ‘grow out of’ their early difficulties in understanding the social world. Even for those who are cognitively able, autism-related difficulties continue into adulthood. Atypicalities attending to and interpreting communicative signals from others can provide barriers to success in education, employment and relationships. In the current study, we use eye-tracking during real social interaction to explore attention to social cues (e.g. face, eyes, mouth) and links to social awareness in a group of cognitively able University students with autism spectrum disorder and typically developing students from the same University. During the interaction, students with autism spectrum disorder showed less eye fixation and more mouth fixation than typically developing students. Importantly, while 63% of typically developing participants reported thinking they were deceived about the true nature of the interaction, only 9% of autism spectrum disorder participants picked up this subtle social signal. We argue that understanding how these social attentional and social awareness difficulties manifest during adulthood is important given the growing number of adults with autism spectrum disorder who are attending higher level education. These adults may be particularly susceptible to drop-out due to demands of coping in situations where social awareness is so important. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361315580767 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=269

Group social skills interventions for adults with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review / Debbie SPAIN in Autism, 19-7 (October 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 19-7 (October 2015) . - p.874-886 Titre : Group social skills interventions for adults with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Debbie SPAIN, Auteur ; Sarah H. BLAINEY, Auteur Année de publication : 2015 Article en page(s) : p.874-886 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adults  Asperger’s syndrome  autism spectrum  group therapy  interventions  social skills Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorders are characterised by impairments in communication and social interaction. Social skills interventions have been found to ameliorate socio-communication deficits in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders. Little is known about the effectiveness of social skills interventions for adults with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders (hf-ASD) – a clinical population who can present with more subtle core deficits, but comparable levels of impairment and secondary difficulties. A systematic review was undertaken to investigate the effectiveness of social skills interventions for adults with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders. Five studies met the pre-specified review inclusion criteria: two quasi-experimental comparative trials and three single-arm interventions. There was a degree of variation in the structure, duration and content of the social skills interventions delivered, as well as several methodological limitations associated with included studies. Nevertheless, narrative analysis tentatively indicates that group social skills interventions may be effective for enhancing social knowledge and understanding, improving social functioning, reducing loneliness and potentially alleviating co-morbid psychiatric symptoms. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361315587659 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=269 [article] Group social skills interventions for adults with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Debbie SPAIN, Auteur ; Sarah H. BLAINEY, Auteur . - 2015 . - p.874-886. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 19-7 (October 2015) . - p.874-886 Mots-clés : adults  Asperger’s syndrome  autism spectrum  group therapy  interventions  social skills Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorders are characterised by impairments in communication and social interaction. Social skills interventions have been found to ameliorate socio-communication deficits in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders. Little is known about the effectiveness of social skills interventions for adults with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders (hf-ASD) – a clinical population who can present with more subtle core deficits, but comparable levels of impairment and secondary difficulties. A systematic review was undertaken to investigate the effectiveness of social skills interventions for adults with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders. Five studies met the pre-specified review inclusion criteria: two quasi-experimental comparative trials and three single-arm interventions. There was a degree of variation in the structure, duration and content of the social skills interventions delivered, as well as several methodological limitations associated with included studies. Nevertheless, narrative analysis tentatively indicates that group social skills interventions may be effective for enhancing social knowledge and understanding, improving social functioning, reducing loneliness and potentially alleviating co-morbid psychiatric symptoms. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361315587659 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=269

Lay abstracts in Autism, 19-7 (October 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 19-7 (October 2015) . - p.887-891 Titre : Lay abstracts Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Année de publication : 2015 Article en page(s) : p.887-891 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361315600587 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=269 [article] Lay abstracts [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] . - 2015 . - p.887-891. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 19-7 (October 2015) . - p.887-891 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361315600587 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=269