Dépouillements

Brief social attention bias modification for children with autism spectrum disorder / Gail A. ALVARES in Autism Research, 12-3 (March 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-3 (March 2019) . - p.527-535 Titre : Brief social attention bias modification for children with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Gail A. ALVARES, Auteur ; Nigel T. M. CHEN, Auteur ; L. NOTEBAERT, Auteur ; J. GRANICH, Auteur ; C. MITCHELL, Auteur ; Andrew J. O. WHITEHOUSE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.527-535 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : attention  eye movement  gamification  social cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Reduced social attention is a hallmark feature in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), emerging as early as the first year of life. This difference represents a possible mechanism impacting upon the development of more complex social-communicative behaviors. The aim of this study was to develop and test the efficacy of a novel attention bias modification paradigm to alter social attention, specifically orienting to faces. Children with ASD (n = 66), aged between 5 and 12 years, were randomized to play either a social attention training or control game for 15 min. Children playing the training game were reinforced for attending to and engaging with social characters, whereas children in the control group were equally rewarded for attending to both social and non-social characters. Eye-tracking measures were obtained before and after gameplay. There was a significant increase in the percentage of first fixations to faces, relative to objects, after social attention training compared to a control group, associated with a medium effect size (partial eta = 0.15). The degree of social attention change in the training group was inversely associated with restricted and repetitive behaviors and moderated by comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder diagnoses, suggestive of differential training effects based on individual symptom profiles. By using the principles of attention bias modification, we demonstrated that social attention can be acutely modified in children with ASD, with an increased tendency to orient attention toward faces after brief social attention training. Modifying attentional biases may therefore represent a potential novel mechanism to alter the development of social communication trajectories. Autism Res 2019, 12: 527-535 (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Some children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) do not look at faces or eyes as much as their non-ASD peers do. Using a game where players have to pay attention to characters with faces to score points, we found that children playing the game began to look more at faces, even outside of the game. Looking at faces is an important prerequisite to many social interactions, telling us about others' emotions and states of attention-things that become harder to understand when they are not seen. If children with ASD could use games to help train looking at faces in real life, then they may be in a better position to understand and participate in social exchanges. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2067 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=387 [article] Brief social attention bias modification for children with autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Gail A. ALVARES, Auteur ; Nigel T. M. CHEN, Auteur ; L. NOTEBAERT, Auteur ; J. GRANICH, Auteur ; C. MITCHELL, Auteur ; Andrew J. O. WHITEHOUSE, Auteur . - p.527-535. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-3 (March 2019) . - p.527-535 Mots-clés : attention  eye movement  gamification  social cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Reduced social attention is a hallmark feature in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), emerging as early as the first year of life. This difference represents a possible mechanism impacting upon the development of more complex social-communicative behaviors. The aim of this study was to develop and test the efficacy of a novel attention bias modification paradigm to alter social attention, specifically orienting to faces. Children with ASD (n = 66), aged between 5 and 12 years, were randomized to play either a social attention training or control game for 15 min. Children playing the training game were reinforced for attending to and engaging with social characters, whereas children in the control group were equally rewarded for attending to both social and non-social characters. Eye-tracking measures were obtained before and after gameplay. There was a significant increase in the percentage of first fixations to faces, relative to objects, after social attention training compared to a control group, associated with a medium effect size (partial eta = 0.15). The degree of social attention change in the training group was inversely associated with restricted and repetitive behaviors and moderated by comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder diagnoses, suggestive of differential training effects based on individual symptom profiles. By using the principles of attention bias modification, we demonstrated that social attention can be acutely modified in children with ASD, with an increased tendency to orient attention toward faces after brief social attention training. Modifying attentional biases may therefore represent a potential novel mechanism to alter the development of social communication trajectories. Autism Res 2019, 12: 527-535 (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Some children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) do not look at faces or eyes as much as their non-ASD peers do. Using a game where players have to pay attention to characters with faces to score points, we found that children playing the game began to look more at faces, even outside of the game. Looking at faces is an important prerequisite to many social interactions, telling us about others' emotions and states of attention-things that become harder to understand when they are not seen. If children with ASD could use games to help train looking at faces in real life, then they may be in a better position to understand and participate in social exchanges. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2067 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=387

Treatment patterns in children with autism in the United States / B. U. MONZ in Autism Research, 12-3 (March 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-3 (March 2019) . - p.517-526 Titre : Treatment patterns in children with autism in the United States Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : B. U. MONZ, Auteur ; R. HOUGHTON, Auteur ; K. LAW, Auteur ; G. LOSS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.517-526 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Medicaid  access to care  autism spectrum disorder  children  private insurance  rural  service use  urban Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Children with autism receive different types of non-drug treatments. We aimed to describe caregiver-reported pattern of care and its variability by geography and healthcare coverage in a US-wide sample of children aged 3-17 years. We recruited caregivers from the Simons Foundation Powering Autism Research for Knowledge (SPARK) cohort. Two online questionnaires (non-drug treatment, Autism Impact Measure) were completed in September/October 2017. Primary outcome measures were caregiver-reported types and intensities of treatments (behavioral, developmental/relationship, speech and language (SLT), occupational, psychological, "other"; parent/caregiver training) in the previous 12 months. Main explanatory variables were geography and type of healthcare coverage. We investigated associations between the type/intensity of treatments and geography (metropolitan/nonmetropolitan) or coverage (Medicaid vs privately insured by employer) using regression analysis. Caregivers (n = 5,122) were mainly mothers (92.1%) with mean (SD) age of 39.0 (7.3) years. Mean child age was 9.1 (3.9) years; mostly males (80.0%). Almost all children received at least one intervention (96.0%). Eighty percent received SLT or occupational therapy, while 52.0% received both. Behavioral therapy and SLT were significantly more frequent and more intense in metropolitan than in nonmetropolitan areas. No consistently significant associations were seen between healthcare coverage and frequency or intensity of interventions. At least one barrier such as "waiting list" and "no coverage" was reported by 44.8%. In conclusion, in children sampled from SPARK, we observed differences between metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas, while we did not find significant differences between those privately insured versus Medicaid. Autism Res 2019, 12: 517-526 (c) 2019 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry recommends the use of multiple treatment modalities in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We wanted to understand what types of treatment children (aged 3-17 years) with ASD receive in the United States, how and where the treatments take place and for how long. We invited caregivers from Simons Foundation Powering Autism Research for Knowledge ("SPARK ," https://sparkforautism.org/) to complete the study questions online. Participants reported on utilization of conventional, non-drug treatments for ASD, including behavioral interventions, developmental/relationship interventions, speech and language therapy (SLT), occupational therapy, psychological therapy, and parent/caregiver training. People that completed the study (n = 5,122) were primarily mothers of the child with ASD (92%); most of the children were boys (80%). The ASD care for the child was mostly coordinating by the mother. Almost all children received at least some type of non-drug therapies (96%), most often SLT and/or occupational therapy, mainly provided in school. Behavioral therapy was most often received in public school in rural areas, while at home in urban areas. We saw less use of behavioral therapy and SLT in rural areas, but overall comparable use between children covered by Medicaid and those covered by private insurance. Almost half the caregivers reported at least one barrier to treatment, such as "waiting list" and "no coverage." More than half said that their child benefited "much" or "very much" from the therapies received. While overall non-drug treatment rates for children with ASD were high in the United States in our study, differences existed depending on where the family lives; not only regarding the type of therapy, but also where it takes place. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2070 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=387 [article] Treatment patterns in children with autism in the United States [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / B. U. MONZ, Auteur ; R. HOUGHTON, Auteur ; K. LAW, Auteur ; G. LOSS, Auteur . - p.517-526. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-3 (March 2019) . - p.517-526 Mots-clés : Medicaid  access to care  autism spectrum disorder  children  private insurance  rural  service use  urban Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Children with autism receive different types of non-drug treatments. We aimed to describe caregiver-reported pattern of care and its variability by geography and healthcare coverage in a US-wide sample of children aged 3-17 years. We recruited caregivers from the Simons Foundation Powering Autism Research for Knowledge (SPARK) cohort. Two online questionnaires (non-drug treatment, Autism Impact Measure) were completed in September/October 2017. Primary outcome measures were caregiver-reported types and intensities of treatments (behavioral, developmental/relationship, speech and language (SLT), occupational, psychological, "other"; parent/caregiver training) in the previous 12 months. Main explanatory variables were geography and type of healthcare coverage. We investigated associations between the type/intensity of treatments and geography (metropolitan/nonmetropolitan) or coverage (Medicaid vs privately insured by employer) using regression analysis. Caregivers (n = 5,122) were mainly mothers (92.1%) with mean (SD) age of 39.0 (7.3) years. Mean child age was 9.1 (3.9) years; mostly males (80.0%). Almost all children received at least one intervention (96.0%). Eighty percent received SLT or occupational therapy, while 52.0% received both. Behavioral therapy and SLT were significantly more frequent and more intense in metropolitan than in nonmetropolitan areas. No consistently significant associations were seen between healthcare coverage and frequency or intensity of interventions. At least one barrier such as "waiting list" and "no coverage" was reported by 44.8%. In conclusion, in children sampled from SPARK, we observed differences between metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas, while we did not find significant differences between those privately insured versus Medicaid. Autism Res 2019, 12: 517-526 (c) 2019 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry recommends the use of multiple treatment modalities in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We wanted to understand what types of treatment children (aged 3-17 years) with ASD receive in the United States, how and where the treatments take place and for how long. We invited caregivers from Simons Foundation Powering Autism Research for Knowledge ("SPARK ," https://sparkforautism.org/) to complete the study questions online. Participants reported on utilization of conventional, non-drug treatments for ASD, including behavioral interventions, developmental/relationship interventions, speech and language therapy (SLT), occupational therapy, psychological therapy, and parent/caregiver training. People that completed the study (n = 5,122) were primarily mothers of the child with ASD (92%); most of the children were boys (80%). The ASD care for the child was mostly coordinating by the mother. Almost all children received at least some type of non-drug therapies (96%), most often SLT and/or occupational therapy, mainly provided in school. Behavioral therapy was most often received in public school in rural areas, while at home in urban areas. We saw less use of behavioral therapy and SLT in rural areas, but overall comparable use between children covered by Medicaid and those covered by private insurance. Almost half the caregivers reported at least one barrier to treatment, such as "waiting list" and "no coverage." More than half said that their child benefited "much" or "very much" from the therapies received. While overall non-drug treatment rates for children with ASD were high in the United States in our study, differences existed depending on where the family lives; not only regarding the type of therapy, but also where it takes place. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2070 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=387

Inferring power and dominance from dyadic nonverbal interactions in autism spectrum disorder / M. KUSCHEFSKI in Autism Research, 12-3 (March 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-3 (March 2019) . - p.505-516 Titre : Inferring power and dominance from dyadic nonverbal interactions in autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : M. KUSCHEFSKI, Auteur ; C. M. FALTER-WAGNER, Auteur ; Gary BENTE, Auteur ; Kai VOGELEY, Auteur ; Alexandra Livia GEORGESCU, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.505-516 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  dominance  dyadic social interaction  nonverbal communication  power  submissiveness Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Research studies to date have revealed conflicting results with respect to the processing of nonverbal cues from social interactions in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the contribution of two important factors for the perception of dyadic social interactions, namely (a) the movement contingency and (b) the spatial context. To this end, 26 adult participants with ASD and 26 age-, sex-, and IQ-matched typically developed control participants observed animations presenting nonverbal interactions between two human virtual characters enacting power relationships. We manipulated (a) movement contingency by exchanging one of the two original agents with an agent from another dyad and (b) spatial context by changing agents' spatial orientation to a back-to-back position. Participants were asked to rate dominance and submissiveness of these agents. Results showed that the movement contingency manipulation affected accuracy and consistency of power perception and that the spatial context manipulation slowed down reaction times comparably in both groups. With regard to group differences, individuals with ASD were found to judge power relationships slower compared to control participants, potentially suggesting a more explicit processing style in ASD. Furthermore, the spatial context manipulation slowed down the reaction times more in the contingent compared to the non-contingent conditions only in the ASD group. These findings contribute to the ongoing debate whether individuals with ASD have difficulties in understanding nonverbal cues in a dyadic context by suggesting that they do so in more subtle ways than previously investigated. Autism Res 2019, 12: 505-516 (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: This study shows that the ability and speed of judging who is dominant in a social interaction depends on two factors: (a) whether their movements are matched and (b) whether they are facing each other or not. This is similarly the case for participants with and without autism. Interestingly, however, individuals with autism seem to judge generally slower, suggesting a more explicit processing style. The two factors seem to interact, suggesting that nonverbal processing difficulties are subtler than previously thought. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2069 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=387 [article] Inferring power and dominance from dyadic nonverbal interactions in autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / M. KUSCHEFSKI, Auteur ; C. M. FALTER-WAGNER, Auteur ; Gary BENTE, Auteur ; Kai VOGELEY, Auteur ; Alexandra Livia GEORGESCU, Auteur . - p.505-516. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-3 (March 2019) . - p.505-516 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  dominance  dyadic social interaction  nonverbal communication  power  submissiveness Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Research studies to date have revealed conflicting results with respect to the processing of nonverbal cues from social interactions in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the contribution of two important factors for the perception of dyadic social interactions, namely (a) the movement contingency and (b) the spatial context. To this end, 26 adult participants with ASD and 26 age-, sex-, and IQ-matched typically developed control participants observed animations presenting nonverbal interactions between two human virtual characters enacting power relationships. We manipulated (a) movement contingency by exchanging one of the two original agents with an agent from another dyad and (b) spatial context by changing agents' spatial orientation to a back-to-back position. Participants were asked to rate dominance and submissiveness of these agents. Results showed that the movement contingency manipulation affected accuracy and consistency of power perception and that the spatial context manipulation slowed down reaction times comparably in both groups. With regard to group differences, individuals with ASD were found to judge power relationships slower compared to control participants, potentially suggesting a more explicit processing style in ASD. Furthermore, the spatial context manipulation slowed down the reaction times more in the contingent compared to the non-contingent conditions only in the ASD group. These findings contribute to the ongoing debate whether individuals with ASD have difficulties in understanding nonverbal cues in a dyadic context by suggesting that they do so in more subtle ways than previously investigated. Autism Res 2019, 12: 505-516 (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: This study shows that the ability and speed of judging who is dominant in a social interaction depends on two factors: (a) whether their movements are matched and (b) whether they are facing each other or not. This is similarly the case for participants with and without autism. Interestingly, however, individuals with autism seem to judge generally slower, suggesting a more explicit processing style. The two factors seem to interact, suggesting that nonverbal processing difficulties are subtler than previously thought. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2069 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=387

The stability of joint engagement states in infant siblings of children with and without ASD: Implications for measurement practices / Kristen BOTTEMA-BEUTEL in Autism Research, 12-3 (March 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-3 (March 2019) . - p.495-504 Titre : The stability of joint engagement states in infant siblings of children with and without ASD: Implications for measurement practices Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kristen BOTTEMA-BEUTEL, Auteur ; S. Y. KIM, Auteur ; S. CROWLEY, Auteur ; A. AUGUSTINE, Auteur ; B. KECILI-KAYSILI, Auteur ; J. FELDMAN, Auteur ; Tiffany G. WOYNAROSKI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.495-504 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : G theory  autism spectrum disorder  infant siblings  joint engagement  stability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Obtaining stable estimates of caregiver-child joint engagement states is of interest for researchers who study development and early intervention in young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, studies to date have offered little guidance on the numbers of sessions and coders necessary to obtain sufficiently stable estimates of these constructs. We used procedures derived from G theory to carry out a generalizability study, in which we partitioned error variance between two facets of our system for measuring joint engagement states: session and coder. A decision study was then conducted to determine the number of sessions and coders required to obtain g coefficients of 0.80, an a priori threshold set for acceptable stability. This process was conducted separately for 10 infant siblings of children with ASD (Sibs-ASD) and 10 infants whose older sibling did not have ASD (Sibs-TD), and for two different joint engagement states; lower- and higher-order supported joint engagement (LSJE and HSJE, respectively). Results indicated that, in the Sibs-ASD group, four sessions and one coder was required to obtain acceptably stable estimates for HSJE; only one session and one coder were required for LSJE. In the Sibs-TD group, two sessions and one coder were required for HSJE; seven sessions and two coders were required for LSJE. Implications for measurement in future research are discussed. Autism Res 2019, 12: 495-504 (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: This study offers guidance for researchers who measure joint engagement between caregivers and infants who have an older sibling with ASD, and who have older siblings who are TD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2068 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=387 [article] The stability of joint engagement states in infant siblings of children with and without ASD: Implications for measurement practices [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kristen BOTTEMA-BEUTEL, Auteur ; S. Y. KIM, Auteur ; S. CROWLEY, Auteur ; A. AUGUSTINE, Auteur ; B. KECILI-KAYSILI, Auteur ; J. FELDMAN, Auteur ; Tiffany G. WOYNAROSKI, Auteur . - p.495-504. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-3 (March 2019) . - p.495-504 Mots-clés : G theory  autism spectrum disorder  infant siblings  joint engagement  stability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Obtaining stable estimates of caregiver-child joint engagement states is of interest for researchers who study development and early intervention in young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, studies to date have offered little guidance on the numbers of sessions and coders necessary to obtain sufficiently stable estimates of these constructs. We used procedures derived from G theory to carry out a generalizability study, in which we partitioned error variance between two facets of our system for measuring joint engagement states: session and coder. A decision study was then conducted to determine the number of sessions and coders required to obtain g coefficients of 0.80, an a priori threshold set for acceptable stability. This process was conducted separately for 10 infant siblings of children with ASD (Sibs-ASD) and 10 infants whose older sibling did not have ASD (Sibs-TD), and for two different joint engagement states; lower- and higher-order supported joint engagement (LSJE and HSJE, respectively). Results indicated that, in the Sibs-ASD group, four sessions and one coder was required to obtain acceptably stable estimates for HSJE; only one session and one coder were required for LSJE. In the Sibs-TD group, two sessions and one coder were required for HSJE; seven sessions and two coders were required for LSJE. Implications for measurement in future research are discussed. Autism Res 2019, 12: 495-504 (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: This study offers guidance for researchers who measure joint engagement between caregivers and infants who have an older sibling with ASD, and who have older siblings who are TD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2068 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=387

Predictors of mental health and well-being in employed adults with autism spectrum disorder at 12-month follow-up / D. HEDLEY in Autism Research, 12-3 (March 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-3 (March 2019) . - p.482-494 Titre : Predictors of mental health and well-being in employed adults with autism spectrum disorder at 12-month follow-up Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : D. HEDLEY, Auteur ; M. ULJAREVIC, Auteur ; Simon M. BURY, Auteur ; Cheryl DISSANAYAKE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.482-494 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : anxiety  autism spectrum disorder  depression  employment  mental health  well-being Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : People with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) commonly experience poor outcomes in adulthood. Previous research on adult outcomes has focused on negative aspects of health and well-being, while positive well-being remains understudied. The current study charted 12-month change in daily living skills, job satisfaction, depression, anxiety, and positive well-being in 36 (32 male) newly employed adults with ASD aged 18 to 57 years who were participating in a supported employment program. There was a small increase in daily living skills, and a slight decrease in job satisfaction, with all other measures remaining stable over time. Regression analyses revealed that, controlling for baseline depression, positive well-being negatively predicted depression at follow-up. No significant predictors of anxiety were identified. Social support and depression at baseline were associated with positive well-being at follow-up; however, they were no longer significant predictors after the effects of baseline positive well-being were taken into account. The findings provide evidence that positive well-being may buffer against depression in people with ASD. Our finding of stability of mental health and well-being measures over time indicates more research is required to uncover the mechanisms underpinning mental health and well-being outcomes in employed adults with ASD. Autism Res 2019, 12: 482-494 (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: People with autism commonly experience poor outcomes in adulthood. We studied mental health and well-being in newly employed adults with autism who were participating in a supported employment program. Apart from a slight increase in daily living skills and a slight decrease in job satisfaction, other measures of mental health and well-being remained stable over time. Our findings suggest that positive well-being may protect against symptoms of depression in people with autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2064 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=387 [article] Predictors of mental health and well-being in employed adults with autism spectrum disorder at 12-month follow-up [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / D. HEDLEY, Auteur ; M. ULJAREVIC, Auteur ; Simon M. BURY, Auteur ; Cheryl DISSANAYAKE, Auteur . - p.482-494. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-3 (March 2019) . - p.482-494 Mots-clés : anxiety  autism spectrum disorder  depression  employment  mental health  well-being Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : People with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) commonly experience poor outcomes in adulthood. Previous research on adult outcomes has focused on negative aspects of health and well-being, while positive well-being remains understudied. The current study charted 12-month change in daily living skills, job satisfaction, depression, anxiety, and positive well-being in 36 (32 male) newly employed adults with ASD aged 18 to 57 years who were participating in a supported employment program. There was a small increase in daily living skills, and a slight decrease in job satisfaction, with all other measures remaining stable over time. Regression analyses revealed that, controlling for baseline depression, positive well-being negatively predicted depression at follow-up. No significant predictors of anxiety were identified. Social support and depression at baseline were associated with positive well-being at follow-up; however, they were no longer significant predictors after the effects of baseline positive well-being were taken into account. The findings provide evidence that positive well-being may buffer against depression in people with ASD. Our finding of stability of mental health and well-being measures over time indicates more research is required to uncover the mechanisms underpinning mental health and well-being outcomes in employed adults with ASD. Autism Res 2019, 12: 482-494 (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: People with autism commonly experience poor outcomes in adulthood. We studied mental health and well-being in newly employed adults with autism who were participating in a supported employment program. Apart from a slight increase in daily living skills and a slight decrease in job satisfaction, other measures of mental health and well-being remained stable over time. Our findings suggest that positive well-being may protect against symptoms of depression in people with autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2064 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=387

Dyadic interactions in children exhibiting the broader autism phenotype: Is the broader autism phenotype distinguishable from typical development? / A. M. KELLERMAN in Autism Research, 12-3 (March 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-3 (March 2019) . - p.469-481 Titre : Dyadic interactions in children exhibiting the broader autism phenotype: Is the broader autism phenotype distinguishable from typical development? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : A. M. KELLERMAN, Auteur ; A. J. SCHWICHTENBERG, Auteur ; B. L. TONNSEN, Auteur ; G. POSADA, Auteur ; S. P. LANE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.469-481 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  broader autism phenotype  infant sibling  joint engagement  mother-child interactions  responsiveness Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In families raising a child with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD), infant siblings are at elevated risk for ASD and other developmental concerns, including elements of the broader autism phenotype (BAP). Typically, the BAP is indexed using standardized developmental assessments; however, these measures do not capture a number of social difficulties commonly associated with the BAP. The present study aims to expand our developmental understanding of the BAP by comparing children exhibiting the BAP to their typically developing peers on, (a) standardized measures of development, and (b) social behaviors exhibited during dyadic play interactions. As part of a prospective study, dyads were recruited from families with at least one older child with ASD (high-risk, n = 36), and families with no history of ASD (low-risk, n = 38). During laboratory visits at 12, 15, 18, and 24 months of age, infants completed a series of standardized assessments and a mother-child play interaction. Dyadic play interactions were micro-analytically coded for gaze, positive affect, and vocalizations to create theory-driven composites to index dyadic synchrony and responsiveness. Videos were also coded with an existing rating scheme for joint engagement and child responsiveness. Multilevel models revealed significant group differences on select constructs within the first 2 years. Language and cognitive differences emerged by 24 months of age, whereas dyadic differences were evident as early as 15 months. Recognizing the increasing demand for elevated-risk interventions, these findings highlight several social constructs through which interventions may identify risk and promote optimal development. Autism Res 2019, 12: 469-481 (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: In families raising children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD), younger siblings are at an increased risk for social and developmental difficulties that characterize a "broader autism phenotype." The present study explored the emergence of social, language, and cognitive differences in the first 2 years of life. Social differences were evident as early as 15 months of age for several play-based measures, and language and cognitive differences emerged by 24 months of age. For infant siblings of children with ASD, some of the earliest behavioral marks for subclinical features of ASD are evident within the first 2 years of life. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2062 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=387 [article] Dyadic interactions in children exhibiting the broader autism phenotype: Is the broader autism phenotype distinguishable from typical development? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / A. M. KELLERMAN, Auteur ; A. J. SCHWICHTENBERG, Auteur ; B. L. TONNSEN, Auteur ; G. POSADA, Auteur ; S. P. LANE, Auteur . - p.469-481. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-3 (March 2019) . - p.469-481 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  broader autism phenotype  infant sibling  joint engagement  mother-child interactions  responsiveness Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In families raising a child with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD), infant siblings are at elevated risk for ASD and other developmental concerns, including elements of the broader autism phenotype (BAP). Typically, the BAP is indexed using standardized developmental assessments; however, these measures do not capture a number of social difficulties commonly associated with the BAP. The present study aims to expand our developmental understanding of the BAP by comparing children exhibiting the BAP to their typically developing peers on, (a) standardized measures of development, and (b) social behaviors exhibited during dyadic play interactions. As part of a prospective study, dyads were recruited from families with at least one older child with ASD (high-risk, n = 36), and families with no history of ASD (low-risk, n = 38). During laboratory visits at 12, 15, 18, and 24 months of age, infants completed a series of standardized assessments and a mother-child play interaction. Dyadic play interactions were micro-analytically coded for gaze, positive affect, and vocalizations to create theory-driven composites to index dyadic synchrony and responsiveness. Videos were also coded with an existing rating scheme for joint engagement and child responsiveness. Multilevel models revealed significant group differences on select constructs within the first 2 years. Language and cognitive differences emerged by 24 months of age, whereas dyadic differences were evident as early as 15 months. Recognizing the increasing demand for elevated-risk interventions, these findings highlight several social constructs through which interventions may identify risk and promote optimal development. Autism Res 2019, 12: 469-481 (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: In families raising children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD), younger siblings are at an increased risk for social and developmental difficulties that characterize a "broader autism phenotype." The present study explored the emergence of social, language, and cognitive differences in the first 2 years of life. Social differences were evident as early as 15 months of age for several play-based measures, and language and cognitive differences emerged by 24 months of age. For infant siblings of children with ASD, some of the earliest behavioral marks for subclinical features of ASD are evident within the first 2 years of life. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2062 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=387

The role of alexithymia in parent-child interaction and in the emotional ability of children with autism spectrum disorder / Andreia P. COSTA in Autism Research, 12-3 (March 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-3 (March 2019) . - p.458-468 Titre : The role of alexithymia in parent-child interaction and in the emotional ability of children with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Andreia P. COSTA, Auteur ; G. STEFFGEN, Auteur ; C. VOGELE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.458-468 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : alexithymia  autism spectrum disorder  emotion regulation  emotional reactivity  parent-child interaction Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have more emotional difficulties than typically developing (TD) children. Of all the factors that impact children's emotional development, parents, and the way they interact with their children, are of crucial importance. The present study compared the amount of parent-child interactions among 35 dyads of parents and their children with ASD and 41 dyads of parents and their TD children, aged between 3 and 13 years, during a frustration-eliciting situation. We further examined whether children's alexithymia is linked to parent-child interactions and whether parent-child interactions are linked to children's emotional difficulties. We found that parents of children with ASD interacted significantly less with their children than parents of TD children. This reduced interaction was better explained by children's alexithymia than by children's ASD diagnosis. Finally, parent-child interaction mediated the relationship between children's ASD diagnosis and children's emotion regulation ability, as well as some aspects of children's emotional reactivity but only if not accounting for children's alexithymia levels. Our results demonstrate the determinant role children's alexithymia plays on parent-child interactions and on how these interactions are linked to children's difficulties in emotion regulation and emotional reactivity. Results are discussed in light of how parent-child interactions and the emotional ability of children with ASD can be improved by targeting children's alexithymia. Autism Res 2019, 12: 458-468 (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: In the present research, we found that parents of children with autism interact less with their children compared to parents of typically developing children. We also found that this decreased interaction is linked to children's difficulties to recognize, describe, and distinguish emotions, a triad of difficulties known as alexithymia. Furthermore, parents' interaction with their children explains emotional reactivity and emotion regulation problems in children with autism. However, if we take into consideration children's alexithymia, then parents' interaction with their children is not related to their children's emotional difficulties in reactivity and regulation. Therefore, to improve the interaction between parents and their children with autism, and the emotional development of these children, we recommend interventions that teach children with autism how to recognize, describe, and distinguish emotions in themselves and others. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2061 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=387 [article] The role of alexithymia in parent-child interaction and in the emotional ability of children with autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Andreia P. COSTA, Auteur ; G. STEFFGEN, Auteur ; C. VOGELE, Auteur . - p.458-468. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-3 (March 2019) . - p.458-468 Mots-clés : alexithymia  autism spectrum disorder  emotion regulation  emotional reactivity  parent-child interaction Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have more emotional difficulties than typically developing (TD) children. Of all the factors that impact children's emotional development, parents, and the way they interact with their children, are of crucial importance. The present study compared the amount of parent-child interactions among 35 dyads of parents and their children with ASD and 41 dyads of parents and their TD children, aged between 3 and 13 years, during a frustration-eliciting situation. We further examined whether children's alexithymia is linked to parent-child interactions and whether parent-child interactions are linked to children's emotional difficulties. We found that parents of children with ASD interacted significantly less with their children than parents of TD children. This reduced interaction was better explained by children's alexithymia than by children's ASD diagnosis. Finally, parent-child interaction mediated the relationship between children's ASD diagnosis and children's emotion regulation ability, as well as some aspects of children's emotional reactivity but only if not accounting for children's alexithymia levels. Our results demonstrate the determinant role children's alexithymia plays on parent-child interactions and on how these interactions are linked to children's difficulties in emotion regulation and emotional reactivity. Results are discussed in light of how parent-child interactions and the emotional ability of children with ASD can be improved by targeting children's alexithymia. Autism Res 2019, 12: 458-468 (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: In the present research, we found that parents of children with autism interact less with their children compared to parents of typically developing children. We also found that this decreased interaction is linked to children's difficulties to recognize, describe, and distinguish emotions, a triad of difficulties known as alexithymia. Furthermore, parents' interaction with their children explains emotional reactivity and emotion regulation problems in children with autism. However, if we take into consideration children's alexithymia, then parents' interaction with their children is not related to their children's emotional difficulties in reactivity and regulation. Therefore, to improve the interaction between parents and their children with autism, and the emotional development of these children, we recommend interventions that teach children with autism how to recognize, describe, and distinguish emotions in themselves and others. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2061 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=387

Social complexity and the early social environment affect visual social attention to faces / T. TSANG in Autism Research, 12-3 (March 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-3 (March 2019) . - p.445-457 Titre : Social complexity and the early social environment affect visual social attention to faces Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : T. TSANG, Auteur ; S. JOHNSON, Auteur ; S. JESTE, Auteur ; Mirella DAPRETTO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.445-457 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism risk  broad autism phenotype  infancy  social development  visual social attention Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Diminished attention to socially relevant information appears to be an early emerging risk factor associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, inconsistencies across studies suggest that atypicalities in visual social attention in infants at high-risk for ASD during the first postnatal year may be subtle and more apparent under certain contexts. Here we explore factors that may moderate developmental trajectories in attention to faces, including the social complexity of the dynamic visual stimuli used to measure visual social attention and the early social environment of the infant as indexed by parental affectedness of ASD-related traits. Across infants at both high (HR) and low risk for ASD, attention to faces increased during the first postnatal year, with overall greater attention being allocated to schematic faces in the simpler video stimulus. Moreover, greater parental affectedness of ASD-related traits was associated with reduced developmental gains in attention to faces. For HR infants, greater attention to faces was positively associated with social communicative competence, including better joint attention skills and lower social impairments. Altogether, our findings highlight the importance of considering developmental level when selecting stimuli to longitudinally examine visual social attention, and the clinical relevance of including measures of infant's social environment in understanding early markers of ASD risk. Autism Res 2019, 12: 445-457 (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Attention to faces is an important means for infants to learn about the social world. The complexity of the social scene and an infant's early social environment both affect the amount of time infants at high- and low-risk for ASD look at faces during the first postnatal year. For infants at high-risk for ASD, greater attention to faces was associated with better social skills. Understanding an infant's social environment may have a positive impact on social communicative development. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2060 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=387 [article] Social complexity and the early social environment affect visual social attention to faces [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / T. TSANG, Auteur ; S. JOHNSON, Auteur ; S. JESTE, Auteur ; Mirella DAPRETTO, Auteur . - p.445-457. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-3 (March 2019) . - p.445-457 Mots-clés : autism risk  broad autism phenotype  infancy  social development  visual social attention Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Diminished attention to socially relevant information appears to be an early emerging risk factor associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, inconsistencies across studies suggest that atypicalities in visual social attention in infants at high-risk for ASD during the first postnatal year may be subtle and more apparent under certain contexts. Here we explore factors that may moderate developmental trajectories in attention to faces, including the social complexity of the dynamic visual stimuli used to measure visual social attention and the early social environment of the infant as indexed by parental affectedness of ASD-related traits. Across infants at both high (HR) and low risk for ASD, attention to faces increased during the first postnatal year, with overall greater attention being allocated to schematic faces in the simpler video stimulus. Moreover, greater parental affectedness of ASD-related traits was associated with reduced developmental gains in attention to faces. For HR infants, greater attention to faces was positively associated with social communicative competence, including better joint attention skills and lower social impairments. Altogether, our findings highlight the importance of considering developmental level when selecting stimuli to longitudinally examine visual social attention, and the clinical relevance of including measures of infant's social environment in understanding early markers of ASD risk. Autism Res 2019, 12: 445-457 (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Attention to faces is an important means for infants to learn about the social world. The complexity of the social scene and an infant's early social environment both affect the amount of time infants at high- and low-risk for ASD look at faces during the first postnatal year. For infants at high-risk for ASD, greater attention to faces was associated with better social skills. Understanding an infant's social environment may have a positive impact on social communicative development. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2060 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=387

Intact counterfactual emotion processing in autism spectrum disorder: Evidence from eye-tracking / J. BLACK in Autism Research, 12-3 (March 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-3 (March 2019) . - p.422-444 Titre : Intact counterfactual emotion processing in autism spectrum disorder: Evidence from eye-tracking Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : J. BLACK, Auteur ; Mahsa BARZY, Auteur ; D. WILLIAMS, Auteur ; H. FERGUSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.422-444 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : anomaly detection  autism spectrum disorder  counterfactual emotions  eye-tracking  reading  regret  relief Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Counterfactual emotions, such as regret and relief, require an awareness of how things could have been different. We report a preregistered experiment that examines how adults with and without ASD process counterfactual emotions in real-time, based on research showing that the developmental trajectory of counterfactual thinking may be disrupted in people with ASD. Participants were eye-tracked as they read narratives in which a character made an explicit decision then subsequently experienced either a mildly negative or positive outcome. The final sentence in each story included an explicit remark about the character's mood that was either consistent or inconsistent with the character's expected feelings of regret or relief (e.g., "... she feels happy/annoyed about her decision."). Results showed that adults with ASD are unimpaired in processing emotions based on counterfactual reasoning, and in fact showed earlier sensitivity to inconsistencies within relief contexts compared to TD participants. This finding highlights a previously unknown strength in empathy and emotion processing in adults with ASD, which may have been masked in previous research that has typically relied on explicit, response-based measures to record emotional inferences, which are likely to be susceptible to demand characteristics and response biases. Therefore, this study highlights the value of employing implicit measures that provide insights on peoples' immediate responses to emotional content without disrupting ongoing processing. Autism Res 2019, 12: 422-444 (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Despite known difficulties with empathy and perspective-taking, we found that adults with autism are unimpaired at inferring complex emotions (regret and relief) in others. This finding extends existing evidence showing dysfunctional counterfactual thinking in children with autism. We highlight the value of using implicit measures to identify strengths and abilities in ASD that may be masked by explicit tasks that require participants to interact socially or report their own thoughts. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2056 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=387 [article] Intact counterfactual emotion processing in autism spectrum disorder: Evidence from eye-tracking [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / J. BLACK, Auteur ; Mahsa BARZY, Auteur ; D. WILLIAMS, Auteur ; H. FERGUSON, Auteur . - p.422-444. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-3 (March 2019) . - p.422-444 Mots-clés : anomaly detection  autism spectrum disorder  counterfactual emotions  eye-tracking  reading  regret  relief Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Counterfactual emotions, such as regret and relief, require an awareness of how things could have been different. We report a preregistered experiment that examines how adults with and without ASD process counterfactual emotions in real-time, based on research showing that the developmental trajectory of counterfactual thinking may be disrupted in people with ASD. Participants were eye-tracked as they read narratives in which a character made an explicit decision then subsequently experienced either a mildly negative or positive outcome. The final sentence in each story included an explicit remark about the character's mood that was either consistent or inconsistent with the character's expected feelings of regret or relief (e.g., "... she feels happy/annoyed about her decision."). Results showed that adults with ASD are unimpaired in processing emotions based on counterfactual reasoning, and in fact showed earlier sensitivity to inconsistencies within relief contexts compared to TD participants. This finding highlights a previously unknown strength in empathy and emotion processing in adults with ASD, which may have been masked in previous research that has typically relied on explicit, response-based measures to record emotional inferences, which are likely to be susceptible to demand characteristics and response biases. Therefore, this study highlights the value of employing implicit measures that provide insights on peoples' immediate responses to emotional content without disrupting ongoing processing. Autism Res 2019, 12: 422-444 (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Despite known difficulties with empathy and perspective-taking, we found that adults with autism are unimpaired at inferring complex emotions (regret and relief) in others. This finding extends existing evidence showing dysfunctional counterfactual thinking in children with autism. We highlight the value of using implicit measures to identify strengths and abilities in ASD that may be masked by explicit tasks that require participants to interact socially or report their own thoughts. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2056 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=387

Hypothesis-driven investigations of diverse pharmacological targets in two mouse models of autism / M. A. RHINE in Autism Research, 12-3 (March 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-3 (March 2019) . - p.401-421 Titre : Hypothesis-driven investigations of diverse pharmacological targets in two mouse models of autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : M. A. RHINE, Auteur ; J. M. PARROTT, Auteur ; M. N. SCHULTZ, Auteur ; T. M. KAZDOBA, Auteur ; J. N. CRAWLEY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.401-421 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Gaba  Trkb  autism  cognitive  medicine  mice  preclinical  repetitive  social Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental syndrome diagnosed primarily by persistent deficits in social interactions and communication, unusual sensory reactivity, motor stereotypies, repetitive behaviors, and restricted interests. No FDA-approved medical treatments exist for the diagnostic symptoms of autism. Here we interrogate multiple pharmacological targets in two distinct mouse models that incorporate well-replicated autism-relevant behavioral phenotypes. Compounds that modify inhibitory or excitatory neurotransmission were selected to address hypotheses based on previously published biological abnormalities in each model. Shank3B is a genetic model of a mutation found in autism and Phelan-McDermid syndrome, in which deficits in excitatory neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity have been reported. BTBR is an inbred strain model of forms of idiopathic autism in which reduced inhibitory neurotransmission and excessive mTOR signaling have been reported. The GABA-A receptor agonist gaboxadol significantly reduced repetitive self-grooming in three independent cohorts of BTBR. The TrkB receptor agonist 7,8-DHF improved spatial learning in Shank3B mice, and reversed aspects of social deficits in BTBR. CX546, a positive allosteric modulator of the glutamatergic AMPA receptor, and d-cycloserine, a partial agonist of the glycine site on the glutamatergic NMDA receptor, did not rescue aberrant behaviors in Shank3B mice. The mTOR inhibitor rapamycin did not ameliorate social deficits or repetitive behavior in BTBR mice. Comparison of positive and negative pharmacological outcomes, on multiple phenotypes, evaluated for replicability across independent cohorts, enhances the translational value of mouse models of autism for therapeutic discovery. GABA agonists present opportunities for personalized interventions to treat components of autism spectrum disorder. Autism Res 2019, 12: 401-421 (c) 2019 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Many of the risk genes for autism impair synapses, the connections between nerve cells in the brain. A drug that reverses the synaptic effects of a mutation could offer a precision therapy. Combining pharmacological and behavioral therapies could reduce symptoms and improve the quality of life for people with autism. Here we report reductions in repetitive behavior by a GABA-A receptor agonist, gaboxadol, and improvements in social and cognitive behaviors by a TrkB receptor agonist, in mouse models of autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2066 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=387 [article] Hypothesis-driven investigations of diverse pharmacological targets in two mouse models of autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / M. A. RHINE, Auteur ; J. M. PARROTT, Auteur ; M. N. SCHULTZ, Auteur ; T. M. KAZDOBA, Auteur ; J. N. CRAWLEY, Auteur . - p.401-421. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-3 (March 2019) . - p.401-421 Mots-clés : Gaba  Trkb  autism  cognitive  medicine  mice  preclinical  repetitive  social Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental syndrome diagnosed primarily by persistent deficits in social interactions and communication, unusual sensory reactivity, motor stereotypies, repetitive behaviors, and restricted interests. No FDA-approved medical treatments exist for the diagnostic symptoms of autism. Here we interrogate multiple pharmacological targets in two distinct mouse models that incorporate well-replicated autism-relevant behavioral phenotypes. Compounds that modify inhibitory or excitatory neurotransmission were selected to address hypotheses based on previously published biological abnormalities in each model. Shank3B is a genetic model of a mutation found in autism and Phelan-McDermid syndrome, in which deficits in excitatory neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity have been reported. BTBR is an inbred strain model of forms of idiopathic autism in which reduced inhibitory neurotransmission and excessive mTOR signaling have been reported. The GABA-A receptor agonist gaboxadol significantly reduced repetitive self-grooming in three independent cohorts of BTBR. The TrkB receptor agonist 7,8-DHF improved spatial learning in Shank3B mice, and reversed aspects of social deficits in BTBR. CX546, a positive allosteric modulator of the glutamatergic AMPA receptor, and d-cycloserine, a partial agonist of the glycine site on the glutamatergic NMDA receptor, did not rescue aberrant behaviors in Shank3B mice. The mTOR inhibitor rapamycin did not ameliorate social deficits or repetitive behavior in BTBR mice. Comparison of positive and negative pharmacological outcomes, on multiple phenotypes, evaluated for replicability across independent cohorts, enhances the translational value of mouse models of autism for therapeutic discovery. GABA agonists present opportunities for personalized interventions to treat components of autism spectrum disorder. Autism Res 2019, 12: 401-421 (c) 2019 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Many of the risk genes for autism impair synapses, the connections between nerve cells in the brain. A drug that reverses the synaptic effects of a mutation could offer a precision therapy. Combining pharmacological and behavioral therapies could reduce symptoms and improve the quality of life for people with autism. Here we report reductions in repetitive behavior by a GABA-A receptor agonist, gaboxadol, and improvements in social and cognitive behaviors by a TrkB receptor agonist, in mouse models of autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2066 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=387

Aberrant "deep connectivity" in autism: A cortico-subcortical functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging study / J. O. MAXIMO in Autism Research, 12-3 (March 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-3 (March 2019) . - p.384-400 Titre : Aberrant "deep connectivity" in autism: A cortico-subcortical functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : J. O. MAXIMO, Auteur ; R. K. KANA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.384-400 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Asd  functional connectivity  subcortical  supramodal  unimodal Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The number of studies examining functional brain networks in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has risen over the last decade and has characterized ASD as a disorder of altered brain connectivity. However, these studies have focused largely on cortical structures, and only a few studies have examined cortico-subcortical connectivity in regions like thalamus and basal ganglia in ASD. The goal of this study was to characterize the functional connectivity between cortex and subcortical regions in ASD using the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE-II). Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were used from 168 typically developing (TD) and 138 ASD participants across different sites from the ABIDE II dataset. Functional connectivity of basal ganglia and thalamus to unimodal and supramodal networks was examined in this study. Overconnectivity (ASD > TD) was found between unimodal (except for medial visual network) and subcortical regions, and underconnectivity (TD > ASD) was found between supramodal (except for default mode and dorsal attention networks) and subcortical regions; positive correlations between ASD phenotype and unimodal-subcortical connectivity were found and negative ones with supramodal-subcortical connectivity. These findings suggest that brain networks heavily involved in sensory processing had higher connectivity with subcortical regions, whereas those involved in higher-order thinking showed decreased connectivity in ASD. In addition, brain-behavior correlations indicated a relationship between ASD phenotype and connectivity. Thus, differences in cortico-subcortical connectivity may have a significant impact on basic and higher-order cognitive processes in ASD. Autism Res 2019, 12: 384-400 (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: This study focused on examining the functional connectivity (synchronization of brain activity across regions) of two types of brain networks (unimodal and supramodal) with subcortical areas (thalamus and basal ganglia) in children, adolescents, and adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and how this relates to ASD phenotype. ASD participants showed overconnectivity in unimodal networks and underconnectivity in supramodal networks. These findings provide new insights into cortico-subcortical connections between basic sensory and high-order cognitive processes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2058 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=387 [article] Aberrant "deep connectivity" in autism: A cortico-subcortical functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / J. O. MAXIMO, Auteur ; R. K. KANA, Auteur . - p.384-400. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-3 (March 2019) . - p.384-400 Mots-clés : Asd  functional connectivity  subcortical  supramodal  unimodal Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The number of studies examining functional brain networks in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has risen over the last decade and has characterized ASD as a disorder of altered brain connectivity. However, these studies have focused largely on cortical structures, and only a few studies have examined cortico-subcortical connectivity in regions like thalamus and basal ganglia in ASD. The goal of this study was to characterize the functional connectivity between cortex and subcortical regions in ASD using the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE-II). Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were used from 168 typically developing (TD) and 138 ASD participants across different sites from the ABIDE II dataset. Functional connectivity of basal ganglia and thalamus to unimodal and supramodal networks was examined in this study. Overconnectivity (ASD > TD) was found between unimodal (except for medial visual network) and subcortical regions, and underconnectivity (TD > ASD) was found between supramodal (except for default mode and dorsal attention networks) and subcortical regions; positive correlations between ASD phenotype and unimodal-subcortical connectivity were found and negative ones with supramodal-subcortical connectivity. These findings suggest that brain networks heavily involved in sensory processing had higher connectivity with subcortical regions, whereas those involved in higher-order thinking showed decreased connectivity in ASD. In addition, brain-behavior correlations indicated a relationship between ASD phenotype and connectivity. Thus, differences in cortico-subcortical connectivity may have a significant impact on basic and higher-order cognitive processes in ASD. Autism Res 2019, 12: 384-400 (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: This study focused on examining the functional connectivity (synchronization of brain activity across regions) of two types of brain networks (unimodal and supramodal) with subcortical areas (thalamus and basal ganglia) in children, adolescents, and adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and how this relates to ASD phenotype. ASD participants showed overconnectivity in unimodal networks and underconnectivity in supramodal networks. These findings provide new insights into cortico-subcortical connections between basic sensory and high-order cognitive processes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2058 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=387

SHANK1 polymorphisms and SNP-SNP interactions among SHANK family: A possible cue for recognition to autism spectrum disorder in infant age in Autism Research, 12-3 (March 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-3 (March 2019) . - p.375-383 Titre : SHANK1 polymorphisms and SNP-SNP interactions among SHANK family: A possible cue for recognition to autism spectrum disorder in infant age Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Article en page(s) : p.375-383 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Shank1  Shank2  Shank3  SNP-SNP interaction  Single nucleotide polymorphisms  autism spectrum disorder Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a serious lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder. ASD is diagnosed for children at the age of two. ASD diagnosis, as early as possible, lays the foundation for treatment and much better prognosis. Notably, gene-based test is an inherent method to recognize the potential infants with ASD before the age of two. To investigate whether SHANK family contributes to ASD prediction, on the basis of our previous studies of SHANK2 and SHANK3, we further investigated associations between SHANK1 polymorphisms and ASD risk as well as SNP-SNP interactions among SHANK family. We enrolled 470 subjects (229 cases and 241 healthy controls) who were northeast Chinese Han. Four tag SNPs (rs73042561, rs3745521, rs4801846, and rs12461427) of SHANK1 were selected and genotyped. We used the SNPStats online analysis program to assess the associations between the four SNPs and ASD risk. The SNP-SNP interactions among SHANK family were analyzed using multifactor dimensionality reduction method. We found that the four SHANK1 SNPs were not associated with ASD risk in northeast Chinese Han population. There existed a strong synergistic interaction between rs11236697 [SHANK2] and rs74336682 [SHANK2], and moderate synergistic interactions (rs74336682 [SHANK2]-rs73042561 [SHANK1], rs11236697 [SHANK2]-rs77716438 [SHANK2], and rs11236697 [SHANK2]-rs75357229 [SHANK2]). These SHANK1 variants may not affect the susceptibility to ASD in Chinese Han population. SNP-SNP interactions in SHANK family may confer ASD risk. Autism Res 2019, 12: 375-383 (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: ASD is a serious lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder with strong genetic components. We investigated associations between SHANK1 polymorphisms and ASD risk as well as SNP-SNP interactions among SHANK family. Our results indicated that there exists no association between SHANK1 SNPs and ASD, and SNP-SNP interactions in SHANK family may confer ASD risk in the Northeast Han Chinese population. Future studies are needed to test more SHANK family SNPs in a large sample to demonstrate the associations. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2065 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=387 [article] SHANK1 polymorphisms and SNP-SNP interactions among SHANK family: A possible cue for recognition to autism spectrum disorder in infant age [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] . - p.375-383. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-3 (March 2019) . - p.375-383 Mots-clés : Shank1  Shank2  Shank3  SNP-SNP interaction  Single nucleotide polymorphisms  autism spectrum disorder Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a serious lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder. ASD is diagnosed for children at the age of two. ASD diagnosis, as early as possible, lays the foundation for treatment and much better prognosis. Notably, gene-based test is an inherent method to recognize the potential infants with ASD before the age of two. To investigate whether SHANK family contributes to ASD prediction, on the basis of our previous studies of SHANK2 and SHANK3, we further investigated associations between SHANK1 polymorphisms and ASD risk as well as SNP-SNP interactions among SHANK family. We enrolled 470 subjects (229 cases and 241 healthy controls) who were northeast Chinese Han. Four tag SNPs (rs73042561, rs3745521, rs4801846, and rs12461427) of SHANK1 were selected and genotyped. We used the SNPStats online analysis program to assess the associations between the four SNPs and ASD risk. The SNP-SNP interactions among SHANK family were analyzed using multifactor dimensionality reduction method. We found that the four SHANK1 SNPs were not associated with ASD risk in northeast Chinese Han population. There existed a strong synergistic interaction between rs11236697 [SHANK2] and rs74336682 [SHANK2], and moderate synergistic interactions (rs74336682 [SHANK2]-rs73042561 [SHANK1], rs11236697 [SHANK2]-rs77716438 [SHANK2], and rs11236697 [SHANK2]-rs75357229 [SHANK2]). These SHANK1 variants may not affect the susceptibility to ASD in Chinese Han population. SNP-SNP interactions in SHANK family may confer ASD risk. Autism Res 2019, 12: 375-383 (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: ASD is a serious lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder with strong genetic components. We investigated associations between SHANK1 polymorphisms and ASD risk as well as SNP-SNP interactions among SHANK family. Our results indicated that there exists no association between SHANK1 SNPs and ASD, and SNP-SNP interactions in SHANK family may confer ASD risk in the Northeast Han Chinese population. Future studies are needed to test more SHANK family SNPs in a large sample to demonstrate the associations. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2065 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=387

Autism prevalence and outcomes in older adults / J. E. ROBISON in Autism Research, 12-3 (March 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-3 (March 2019) . - p.370-374 Titre : Autism prevalence and outcomes in older adults Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : J. E. ROBISON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.370-374 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : diagnosis  outcomes  prevalence  treatment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Recent studies of mortality, illness, and suicide among autistic adults paint an alarming picture. Autistic people appear to die much earlier than the general population, and they seem to be far more vulnerable to a surprising range of medical problems. Suicide and depression seem far more common than in the general population. If correct, that suggests an older autistic population in silent crisis, with few if any supports. If so, older autistic people should be a focus for public health and human service agencies. But is the picture complete? Autism researchers ask for answers, identifying problems and their scope. This article discusses the limitations of our adult autism knowledge, and the challenges we will face studying adults. Researching and ultimately serving older autistic adults presents a unique set of problems that have not yet been addressed by scientists or clinicians. Autism Res 2019, 12: 370-374 (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Public policy toward autistic people is driven by data. Most autism data to date have been derived from and about children, because autism tends to be identified and supported in the public school system. This has created a public perception of autism as a childhood problem. In fact, autism is a lifelong difference or disability, and recent studies suggest serious overlooked concerns for autistic adults. This commentary discusses how we have evaluated adult autism so far, limitations of our knowledge, and how we might evaluate adult needs going forward. The commentary makes a case for specific new adult prevalence and outcome studies to inform public policy. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2080 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=387 [article] Autism prevalence and outcomes in older adults [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / J. E. ROBISON, Auteur . - p.370-374. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-3 (March 2019) . - p.370-374 Mots-clés : diagnosis  outcomes  prevalence  treatment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Recent studies of mortality, illness, and suicide among autistic adults paint an alarming picture. Autistic people appear to die much earlier than the general population, and they seem to be far more vulnerable to a surprising range of medical problems. Suicide and depression seem far more common than in the general population. If correct, that suggests an older autistic population in silent crisis, with few if any supports. If so, older autistic people should be a focus for public health and human service agencies. But is the picture complete? Autism researchers ask for answers, identifying problems and their scope. This article discusses the limitations of our adult autism knowledge, and the challenges we will face studying adults. Researching and ultimately serving older autistic adults presents a unique set of problems that have not yet been addressed by scientists or clinicians. Autism Res 2019, 12: 370-374 (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Public policy toward autistic people is driven by data. Most autism data to date have been derived from and about children, because autism tends to be identified and supported in the public school system. This has created a public perception of autism as a childhood problem. In fact, autism is a lifelong difference or disability, and recent studies suggest serious overlooked concerns for autistic adults. This commentary discusses how we have evaluated adult autism so far, limitations of our knowledge, and how we might evaluate adult needs going forward. The commentary makes a case for specific new adult prevalence and outcome studies to inform public policy. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2080 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=387

The neurobiological presentation of anxiety in autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review / A. J. MCVEY in Autism Research, 12-3 (March 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-3 (March 2019) . - p.346-369 Titre : The neurobiological presentation of anxiety in autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : A. J. MCVEY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.346-369 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : anxiety  autism spectrum disorder  neurophysiology  physiology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Anxiety is common among people with autism and is associated with unique and additive challenges. Anxiety is thought to have neurobiological components, and measures of arousal in typical development have long been studied. Recently, neurobiological measures of anxiety in autism have begun to receive empirical evaluation, but results have not yet been examined together. This systematic review, therefore, summarizes the state of the research of the neurobiology of anxiety in autism. Studies published between 1999 and June 2017 were reviewed. Results across measures of arousal point to inconsistencies in results and a lack of synthesis in the literature. Considerations regarding these inconsistencies are discussed, recommendations for future studies are offered, and clinical implications for this work are presented. Autism Res 2019, 12: 346-369 (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Anxiety is common among people with autism. Because anxiety has been linked with a variety of differences in physiological (bodily) and neurophysiological (brain) functioning in people without autism, research has begun to examine these processes in autism as well. This literature, however, has not yet been examined as a whole. Therefore, this paper begins to address that gap to provide the field with a better understanding of how anxiety affects people with autism and discusses implications for future research and clinical practice. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2063 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=387 [article] The neurobiological presentation of anxiety in autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / A. J. MCVEY, Auteur . - p.346-369. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-3 (March 2019) . - p.346-369 Mots-clés : anxiety  autism spectrum disorder  neurophysiology  physiology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Anxiety is common among people with autism and is associated with unique and additive challenges. Anxiety is thought to have neurobiological components, and measures of arousal in typical development have long been studied. Recently, neurobiological measures of anxiety in autism have begun to receive empirical evaluation, but results have not yet been examined together. This systematic review, therefore, summarizes the state of the research of the neurobiology of anxiety in autism. Studies published between 1999 and June 2017 were reviewed. Results across measures of arousal point to inconsistencies in results and a lack of synthesis in the literature. Considerations regarding these inconsistencies are discussed, recommendations for future studies are offered, and clinical implications for this work are presented. Autism Res 2019, 12: 346-369 (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Anxiety is common among people with autism. Because anxiety has been linked with a variety of differences in physiological (bodily) and neurophysiological (brain) functioning in people without autism, research has begun to examine these processes in autism as well. This literature, however, has not yet been examined as a whole. Therefore, this paper begins to address that gap to provide the field with a better understanding of how anxiety affects people with autism and discusses implications for future research and clinical practice. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2063 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=387