Dépouillements

Time perception and autistic spectrum condition: A systematic review / M. CASASSUS in Autism Research, 12-10 (October 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-10 (October 2019) . - p.1440-1462 Titre : Time perception and autistic spectrum condition: A systematic review Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : M. CASASSUS, Auteur ; E. POLIAKOFF, Auteur ; E. GOWEN, Auteur ; D. POOLE, Auteur ; L. A. JONES, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1440-1462 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  prospective timing  scalar expectancy theory  systematic review  temporal order judgements  temporal sensitivity  time perception  timing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Problems with timing and time perception have been suggested as key characteristics of autism spectrum condition (ASC). Studies and personal accounts from clinicians, parents, caregivers, and self-reports from autistic people themselves often refer to problems with time. Although a number of empirical studies have examined aspects relating to time in autistic individuals, there remains no clear consensus on whether or how timing mechanisms may be affected in autism. A key reason for this lack of clarity is the wide range of timing processes that exist and subsequently the wide range of methodologies, research paradigms, and samples that time-based studies have used with autism populations. In order to summarize and organize the available literature on this issue, a systematic review was conducted. Five electronic databases were consulted. From an initial 597 records (after duplicates were removed), 45 papers were selected and reviewed. The studies are reviewed within different sections based on the different types of timing ability that have been explored in the neurotypical (NT) population: time sensitivity, interval timing, and higher-order time perception. Within each section cognitive models, methodologies, possible clinical implications, and research results are discussed. The results show different consistency across studies between the three types of timing ability. The highest consistency of results showing atypical time perception abilities is found in high-level time perception studies. It remains unclear if autism is characterized by a fundamental time perception impairment. Suggestions for future research are discussed. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1440-1462. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: This systematic review examines the different types of timing and time perception behavior that have been investigated in autism. Overall, there are a number of studies that show differences between autistic and non-autistic individuals, but some studies do not find such differences. Group differences are more consistent across studies using complex tasks rather than simpler more fundamental timing tasks. We suggest that experiments across a range of timing tasks would be fruitful to address gaps in our knowledge. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2170 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=408 [article] Time perception and autistic spectrum condition: A systematic review [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / M. CASASSUS, Auteur ; E. POLIAKOFF, Auteur ; E. GOWEN, Auteur ; D. POOLE, Auteur ; L. A. JONES, Auteur . - p.1440-1462. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-10 (October 2019) . - p.1440-1462 Mots-clés : autism  prospective timing  scalar expectancy theory  systematic review  temporal order judgements  temporal sensitivity  time perception  timing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Problems with timing and time perception have been suggested as key characteristics of autism spectrum condition (ASC). Studies and personal accounts from clinicians, parents, caregivers, and self-reports from autistic people themselves often refer to problems with time. Although a number of empirical studies have examined aspects relating to time in autistic individuals, there remains no clear consensus on whether or how timing mechanisms may be affected in autism. A key reason for this lack of clarity is the wide range of timing processes that exist and subsequently the wide range of methodologies, research paradigms, and samples that time-based studies have used with autism populations. In order to summarize and organize the available literature on this issue, a systematic review was conducted. Five electronic databases were consulted. From an initial 597 records (after duplicates were removed), 45 papers were selected and reviewed. The studies are reviewed within different sections based on the different types of timing ability that have been explored in the neurotypical (NT) population: time sensitivity, interval timing, and higher-order time perception. Within each section cognitive models, methodologies, possible clinical implications, and research results are discussed. The results show different consistency across studies between the three types of timing ability. The highest consistency of results showing atypical time perception abilities is found in high-level time perception studies. It remains unclear if autism is characterized by a fundamental time perception impairment. Suggestions for future research are discussed. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1440-1462. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: This systematic review examines the different types of timing and time perception behavior that have been investigated in autism. Overall, there are a number of studies that show differences between autistic and non-autistic individuals, but some studies do not find such differences. Group differences are more consistent across studies using complex tasks rather than simpler more fundamental timing tasks. We suggest that experiments across a range of timing tasks would be fruitful to address gaps in our knowledge. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2170 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=408

Genetic Suppression of mTOR Rescues Synaptic and Social Behavioral Abnormalities in a Mouse Model of Pten Haploinsufficiency / W. C. HUANG in Autism Research, 12-10 (October 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-10 (October 2019) . - p.1463-1471 Titre : Genetic Suppression of mTOR Rescues Synaptic and Social Behavioral Abnormalities in a Mouse Model of Pten Haploinsufficiency Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : W. C. HUANG, Auteur ; Y. CHEN, Auteur ; Damon T. PAGE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1463-1471 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Pten  macrocephaly  network activity  social behavior  synapses Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Heterozygous mutations in PTEN, which encodes a negative regulator of the mTOR and beta-catenin signaling pathways, cause macrocephaly/autism syndrome. However, the neurobiological substrates of the core symptoms of this syndrome are poorly understood. Here, we investigate the relationship between cerebral cortical overgrowth and social behavior deficits in conditional Pten heterozygous female mice (Pten cHet) using Emx1-Cre, which is expressed in cortical pyramidal neurons and a subset of glia. We found that conditional heterozygous mutation of Ctnnb1 (encoding beta-catenin) suppresses Pten cHet cortical overgrowth, but not social behavioral deficits, whereas conditional heterozygous mutation of Mtor suppresses social behavioral deficits, but not cortical overgrowth. Neuronal activity in response to social cues and excitatory synapse markers are elevated in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of Pten cHet mice, and heterozygous mutation in Mtor, but not Ctnnb1, rescues these phenotypes. These findings indicate that macroscale cerebral cortical overgrowth and social behavioral phenotypes caused by Pten haploinsufficiency can be dissociated based on responsiveness to genetic suppression of Ctnnb1 or Mtor. Furthermore, neuronal connectivity appears to be one potential substrate for mTOR-mediated suppression of social behavioral deficits in Pten haploinsufficient mice. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1463-1471. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: A subgroup of individuals with autism display overgrowth of the head and the brain during development. Using a mouse model of an autism risk gene, Pten, that displays both brain overgrowth and social behavioral deficits, we show here that that these two symptoms can be dissociated. Reversal of social behavioral deficits in this model is associated with rescue of abnormal synaptic markers and neuronal activity. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2186 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=408 [article] Genetic Suppression of mTOR Rescues Synaptic and Social Behavioral Abnormalities in a Mouse Model of Pten Haploinsufficiency [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / W. C. HUANG, Auteur ; Y. CHEN, Auteur ; Damon T. PAGE, Auteur . - p.1463-1471. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-10 (October 2019) . - p.1463-1471 Mots-clés : Pten  macrocephaly  network activity  social behavior  synapses Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Heterozygous mutations in PTEN, which encodes a negative regulator of the mTOR and beta-catenin signaling pathways, cause macrocephaly/autism syndrome. However, the neurobiological substrates of the core symptoms of this syndrome are poorly understood. Here, we investigate the relationship between cerebral cortical overgrowth and social behavior deficits in conditional Pten heterozygous female mice (Pten cHet) using Emx1-Cre, which is expressed in cortical pyramidal neurons and a subset of glia. We found that conditional heterozygous mutation of Ctnnb1 (encoding beta-catenin) suppresses Pten cHet cortical overgrowth, but not social behavioral deficits, whereas conditional heterozygous mutation of Mtor suppresses social behavioral deficits, but not cortical overgrowth. Neuronal activity in response to social cues and excitatory synapse markers are elevated in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of Pten cHet mice, and heterozygous mutation in Mtor, but not Ctnnb1, rescues these phenotypes. These findings indicate that macroscale cerebral cortical overgrowth and social behavioral phenotypes caused by Pten haploinsufficiency can be dissociated based on responsiveness to genetic suppression of Ctnnb1 or Mtor. Furthermore, neuronal connectivity appears to be one potential substrate for mTOR-mediated suppression of social behavioral deficits in Pten haploinsufficient mice. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1463-1471. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: A subgroup of individuals with autism display overgrowth of the head and the brain during development. Using a mouse model of an autism risk gene, Pten, that displays both brain overgrowth and social behavioral deficits, we show here that that these two symptoms can be dissociated. Reversal of social behavioral deficits in this model is associated with rescue of abnormal synaptic markers and neuronal activity. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2186 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=408

Altered Neural Connectivity in Females, But Not Males with Autism: Preliminary Evidence for the Female Protective Effect from a Quality-Controlled Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study / J. LEI in Autism Research, 12-10 (October 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-10 (October 2019) . - p.1472-1483 Titre : Altered Neural Connectivity in Females, But Not Males with Autism: Preliminary Evidence for the Female Protective Effect from a Quality-Controlled Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : J. LEI, Auteur ; E. LECARIE, Auteur ; J. JURAYJ, Auteur ; S. BOLAND, Auteur ; D. G. SUKHODOLSKY, Auteur ; Pamela VENTOLA, Auteur ; Kevin A. PELPHREY, Auteur ; R. J. JOU, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1472-1483 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : anisotropy  autism spectrum disorder  diffusion tensor imaging  female  motion  sex characteristics Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous studies using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to investigate white matter (WM) structural connectivity have suggested widespread, although inconsistent WM alterations in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), such as greater reductions in fractional anisotropy (FA). However, findings may lack generalizability because: (a) most have focused solely on the ASD male brain phenotype, and not sex-differences in WM integrity; (b) many lack stringent and transparent data quality control such as controlling for head motion in analysis. This study addressed both issues by using Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) to separately compare WM differences in 81 ASD (56 male, 25 female; 4-21 years old) and 39 typically developing (TD; 23 males, 16 females; 5-18 years old) children and young people, carefully group-matched on sex, age, cognitive abilities, and head motion. ASD males and females were also matched on autism symptom severity. Two independent-raters completed a multistep scan quality assurance to remove images that were significantly distorted by motion artifacts before analysis. ASD females exhibited significant widespread reductions in FA compared to TD females, suggesting altered WM integrity. In contrast, no significant localized or widespread WM differences were found between ASD and TD males. This study highlights the importance of data quality control in DTI, and outlines important sex-differences in WM alterations in ASD females. Future studies can explore the extent to which neural structural differences might underlie sex-differences in ASD behavioral phenotype, and guide clinical interventions to be tailored toward the unique needs of ASD females and males. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1472-1483. (c) 2019 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Previous Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) studies have found atypical brain structural connectivity in males with autism, although findings are inconclusive in females with autism. To investigate potential sex-differences, we studied males and females with and without autism who showed a similar level of head movement during their brain scan. We found that females with autism had widespread atypical neural connectivity than females without autism, although not in males, highlighting sex-differences. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2180 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=408 [article] Altered Neural Connectivity in Females, But Not Males with Autism: Preliminary Evidence for the Female Protective Effect from a Quality-Controlled Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / J. LEI, Auteur ; E. LECARIE, Auteur ; J. JURAYJ, Auteur ; S. BOLAND, Auteur ; D. G. SUKHODOLSKY, Auteur ; Pamela VENTOLA, Auteur ; Kevin A. PELPHREY, Auteur ; R. J. JOU, Auteur . - p.1472-1483. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-10 (October 2019) . - p.1472-1483 Mots-clés : anisotropy  autism spectrum disorder  diffusion tensor imaging  female  motion  sex characteristics Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous studies using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to investigate white matter (WM) structural connectivity have suggested widespread, although inconsistent WM alterations in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), such as greater reductions in fractional anisotropy (FA). However, findings may lack generalizability because: (a) most have focused solely on the ASD male brain phenotype, and not sex-differences in WM integrity; (b) many lack stringent and transparent data quality control such as controlling for head motion in analysis. This study addressed both issues by using Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) to separately compare WM differences in 81 ASD (56 male, 25 female; 4-21 years old) and 39 typically developing (TD; 23 males, 16 females; 5-18 years old) children and young people, carefully group-matched on sex, age, cognitive abilities, and head motion. ASD males and females were also matched on autism symptom severity. Two independent-raters completed a multistep scan quality assurance to remove images that were significantly distorted by motion artifacts before analysis. ASD females exhibited significant widespread reductions in FA compared to TD females, suggesting altered WM integrity. In contrast, no significant localized or widespread WM differences were found between ASD and TD males. This study highlights the importance of data quality control in DTI, and outlines important sex-differences in WM alterations in ASD females. Future studies can explore the extent to which neural structural differences might underlie sex-differences in ASD behavioral phenotype, and guide clinical interventions to be tailored toward the unique needs of ASD females and males. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1472-1483. (c) 2019 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Previous Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) studies have found atypical brain structural connectivity in males with autism, although findings are inconclusive in females with autism. To investigate potential sex-differences, we studied males and females with and without autism who showed a similar level of head movement during their brain scan. We found that females with autism had widespread atypical neural connectivity than females without autism, although not in males, highlighting sex-differences. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2180 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=408

Neural correlates of association strength and categorical relatedness in youths with autism spectrum disorder / C. H. WONG in Autism Research, 12-10 (October 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-10 (October 2019) . - p.1484-1494 Titre : Neural correlates of association strength and categorical relatedness in youths with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : C. H. WONG, Auteur ; S. S. GAU, Auteur ; Tai-Li CHOU, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1484-1494 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : association strength  autism spectrum disorders  categorical relatedness  fMRI  semantic knowledge Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Impaired language and communication are commonly observed in youths with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). However, the organization of semantic knowledge in youths with ASD remains unclear compared to typically developing (TD) youths. The present study addresses this issue by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine the distinction between association strength and categorical relatedness of semantic knowledge. A sample of 31 male youths with ASD (mean age = 12.1 years, SD = 1.2) and 38 TD youths (mean age = 11.9 years, SD = 1.0) was recruited with matched age, gender, and handedness. Participants decided if two visually presented Chinese characters were semantically related during fMRI scanning. For weaker association strength, the ASD group showed greater left cuneus activation, which was positively correlated with the picture completion for visual perception, whereas the TD group showed greater middle temporal gyrus and inferior frontal gyrus activation. For higher categorical relatedness, the TD group showed greater activation than the ASD group in the occipitotemporal cortex and left precuneus, which was positively correlated with the similarities for concept formulation. Findings imply that the ASD group may use lower-level visual information for both association strength and categorical relatedness. The TD group showed higher-level controlled processes of more elaborate semantic representations for association strength and more elaborate features of categorical knowledge for semantic selection and integration. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1484-1494. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often present language/communication impairments. Exploring the difference of semantic processing between youths with ASD and typically developing (TD) youths is crucial for understanding the organization of semantic knowledge. We found different neural substrates of semantic knowledge between these two groups. ASD youths may rely more on lower-level visual information during semantic judgments, whereas TD youths showed higher-level controlled processes of more elaborate semantic representations for selection and integration of words, phrases, and sentences. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2184 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=408 [article] Neural correlates of association strength and categorical relatedness in youths with autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / C. H. WONG, Auteur ; S. S. GAU, Auteur ; Tai-Li CHOU, Auteur . - p.1484-1494. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-10 (October 2019) . - p.1484-1494 Mots-clés : association strength  autism spectrum disorders  categorical relatedness  fMRI  semantic knowledge Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Impaired language and communication are commonly observed in youths with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). However, the organization of semantic knowledge in youths with ASD remains unclear compared to typically developing (TD) youths. The present study addresses this issue by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine the distinction between association strength and categorical relatedness of semantic knowledge. A sample of 31 male youths with ASD (mean age = 12.1 years, SD = 1.2) and 38 TD youths (mean age = 11.9 years, SD = 1.0) was recruited with matched age, gender, and handedness. Participants decided if two visually presented Chinese characters were semantically related during fMRI scanning. For weaker association strength, the ASD group showed greater left cuneus activation, which was positively correlated with the picture completion for visual perception, whereas the TD group showed greater middle temporal gyrus and inferior frontal gyrus activation. For higher categorical relatedness, the TD group showed greater activation than the ASD group in the occipitotemporal cortex and left precuneus, which was positively correlated with the similarities for concept formulation. Findings imply that the ASD group may use lower-level visual information for both association strength and categorical relatedness. The TD group showed higher-level controlled processes of more elaborate semantic representations for association strength and more elaborate features of categorical knowledge for semantic selection and integration. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1484-1494. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often present language/communication impairments. Exploring the difference of semantic processing between youths with ASD and typically developing (TD) youths is crucial for understanding the organization of semantic knowledge. We found different neural substrates of semantic knowledge between these two groups. ASD youths may rely more on lower-level visual information during semantic judgments, whereas TD youths showed higher-level controlled processes of more elaborate semantic representations for selection and integration of words, phrases, and sentences. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2184 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=408

Gender Differences in the First Impressions of Autistic Adults / Eilidh CAGE in Autism Research, 12-10 (October 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-10 (October 2019) . - p.1495-1504 Titre : Gender Differences in the First Impressions of Autistic Adults Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Eilidh CAGE, Auteur ; H. BURTON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1495-1504 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autistic adults  first impressions  gender differences  social evaluation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Prior research has shown that less favourable first impressions are formed of autistic adults by non-autistic observers. Autistic females may present differently to autistic males and could engage in more camouflaging behaviours, which could affect these first impressions. However, research has not yet tested for gender differences in the first impressions of autistic adults. In the current study, non-autistic observers (n = 205) viewed either 10-sec video clips or text transcripts in the context of a mock job interview by 10 autistic females and 10 autistic males, matched to 10 non-autistic females and 10 non-autistic males. They then rated each stimulus on personality traits (e.g., awkwardness) and behavioural intentions (e.g., "I would start a conversation with this person"). Non-autistic observers were blind to diagnostic status of the individuals in either modality. Results showed that first impressions were less favourable overall of autistic adults in the video modality. Furthermore, autistic females were rated more favourably than autistic males in the video modality across most traits-but autistic females were also rated less favourably than both non-autistic females and males. Some judgements were also made in the text modality, whereby more favourable first impressions were made of autistic males on the basis of speech content. Understanding the first impressions that both autistic females and males make has important implications for diagnostic services and employment prospects. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1495-1504. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: We found that non-autistic people formed more negative first impressions of autistic people, and this was influenced by gender of the person being evaluated. Autistic women were judged more favourably than autistic men; however, both autistic women and men were rated less positively than non-autistic people, with large differences between judgements of autistic females in comparison to non-autistic females. The findings have implications for clinicians and employers who may make rapid judgements based on someone's gender. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2191 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=408 [article] Gender Differences in the First Impressions of Autistic Adults [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Eilidh CAGE, Auteur ; H. BURTON, Auteur . - p.1495-1504. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-10 (October 2019) . - p.1495-1504 Mots-clés : autistic adults  first impressions  gender differences  social evaluation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Prior research has shown that less favourable first impressions are formed of autistic adults by non-autistic observers. Autistic females may present differently to autistic males and could engage in more camouflaging behaviours, which could affect these first impressions. However, research has not yet tested for gender differences in the first impressions of autistic adults. In the current study, non-autistic observers (n = 205) viewed either 10-sec video clips or text transcripts in the context of a mock job interview by 10 autistic females and 10 autistic males, matched to 10 non-autistic females and 10 non-autistic males. They then rated each stimulus on personality traits (e.g., awkwardness) and behavioural intentions (e.g., "I would start a conversation with this person"). Non-autistic observers were blind to diagnostic status of the individuals in either modality. Results showed that first impressions were less favourable overall of autistic adults in the video modality. Furthermore, autistic females were rated more favourably than autistic males in the video modality across most traits-but autistic females were also rated less favourably than both non-autistic females and males. Some judgements were also made in the text modality, whereby more favourable first impressions were made of autistic males on the basis of speech content. Understanding the first impressions that both autistic females and males make has important implications for diagnostic services and employment prospects. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1495-1504. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: We found that non-autistic people formed more negative first impressions of autistic people, and this was influenced by gender of the person being evaluated. Autistic women were judged more favourably than autistic men; however, both autistic women and men were rated less positively than non-autistic people, with large differences between judgements of autistic females in comparison to non-autistic females. The findings have implications for clinicians and employers who may make rapid judgements based on someone's gender. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2191 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=408

Using self-report to explore the relationship between anxiety and quality of life in children on the autism spectrum / D. ADAMS in Autism Research, 12-10 (October 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-10 (October 2019) . - p.1505-1515 Titre : Using self-report to explore the relationship between anxiety and quality of life in children on the autism spectrum Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : D. ADAMS, Auteur ; M. CLARK, Auteur ; D. KEEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1505-1515 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : anxiety  autism  mental health  self-report  well-being Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Anxiety is now recognized as one of the most common conditions that co-occur with autism. While there has been increased research describing the typical and autism-specific anxiety symptomatology and assessing the effectiveness of potential interventions, there has been less research exploring the impact that elevated anxiety may have on an individual and their quality of life (QoL). This study aimed to explore the impact of anxiety on the QoL in children on the autism spectrum. Children and young adolescents on the spectrum were invited to participate in a self-report study measuring anxiety and health-related QoL (HRQoL). The sample consisted of 71 children, aged 6-13. Children who scored above the cut off for elevated anxiety on the autism-specific measure of anxiety (ASC-ASD) had poorer total HRQoL and poorer scores on the social, emotional, physical, and school functioning QoL domains. Regression analyses indicate that children's self-reported ratings of difficulties with uncertainty on the ASC-ASD predicted all domains of HRQoL, with higher levels of difficulty with uncertainty predicting poorer HRQoL. Elevated levels of anxious arousal were also predictive of poorer physical functioning. This study highlights the importance of exploring the impact of anxiety on individuals on the spectrum and suggests that using carefully planned interventions to reduce difficulties with uncertainty may be a potential way to work toward improving the QoL of children on the spectrum. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1505-1515. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Research has shown us that individuals on the autism spectrum are more likely to have poor "quality of life" or general well-being. Because many individuals with a diagnosis on the autism spectrum also receive a diagnosis of anxiety, this study looked at whether a child's autism symptoms or their anxiety have a bigger impact on their quality of life. Children on the autism spectrum completed questionnaires and the results showed us that one factor, difficulty with uncertainty, had the biggest impact on the child's quality of life. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2155 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=408 [article] Using self-report to explore the relationship between anxiety and quality of life in children on the autism spectrum [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / D. ADAMS, Auteur ; M. CLARK, Auteur ; D. KEEN, Auteur . - p.1505-1515. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-10 (October 2019) . - p.1505-1515 Mots-clés : anxiety  autism  mental health  self-report  well-being Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Anxiety is now recognized as one of the most common conditions that co-occur with autism. While there has been increased research describing the typical and autism-specific anxiety symptomatology and assessing the effectiveness of potential interventions, there has been less research exploring the impact that elevated anxiety may have on an individual and their quality of life (QoL). This study aimed to explore the impact of anxiety on the QoL in children on the autism spectrum. Children and young adolescents on the spectrum were invited to participate in a self-report study measuring anxiety and health-related QoL (HRQoL). The sample consisted of 71 children, aged 6-13. Children who scored above the cut off for elevated anxiety on the autism-specific measure of anxiety (ASC-ASD) had poorer total HRQoL and poorer scores on the social, emotional, physical, and school functioning QoL domains. Regression analyses indicate that children's self-reported ratings of difficulties with uncertainty on the ASC-ASD predicted all domains of HRQoL, with higher levels of difficulty with uncertainty predicting poorer HRQoL. Elevated levels of anxious arousal were also predictive of poorer physical functioning. This study highlights the importance of exploring the impact of anxiety on individuals on the spectrum and suggests that using carefully planned interventions to reduce difficulties with uncertainty may be a potential way to work toward improving the QoL of children on the spectrum. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1505-1515. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Research has shown us that individuals on the autism spectrum are more likely to have poor "quality of life" or general well-being. Because many individuals with a diagnosis on the autism spectrum also receive a diagnosis of anxiety, this study looked at whether a child's autism symptoms or their anxiety have a bigger impact on their quality of life. Children on the autism spectrum completed questionnaires and the results showed us that one factor, difficulty with uncertainty, had the biggest impact on the child's quality of life. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2155 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=408

The Vulnerability Experiences Quotient (VEQ): A Study of Vulnerability, Mental Health and Life Satisfaction in Autistic Adults / S. GRIFFITHS in Autism Research, 12-10 (October 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-10 (October 2019) . - p.1516-1528 Titre : The Vulnerability Experiences Quotient (VEQ): A Study of Vulnerability, Mental Health and Life Satisfaction in Autistic Adults Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : S. GRIFFITHS, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; R. KENNY, Auteur ; R. HOLT, Auteur ; P. SMITH, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1516-1528 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adulthood  anxiety  depression  life satisfaction  mental health  victimisation  vulnerability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Co-morbid mental health conditions such as anxiety and depression are extremely common in autistic adults. Vulnerability to negative life experiences such as victimisation and unemployment may be partially responsible for the development of these conditions. Here we measure the frequency of negative life experiences in autistic adults and explore how these are associated with current anxiety and depression symptoms and life satisfaction. We developed the Vulnerability Experiences Quotient (VEQ) through stakeholder consultation. The VEQ includes 60 items across 10 domains. Autistic adults with a clinical diagnosis and non-autistic controls completed the VEQ, screening measures for anxiety and depression, and a life-satisfaction scale in an online survey. Likelihood of experiencing each VEQ event was compared between groups, using binary logistic regression. Mediation analysis was used to test whether total VEQ score mediated the relationship between autism and (1) depression (2) anxiety and (3) life satisfaction. Autistic adults (N = 426) reported higher rates of the majority of events in the VEQ than non-autistic adults (N = 268). They also reported more anxiety and depression symptoms and lower life satisfaction. Group differences in anxiety, depression and life satisfaction were partially mediated by VEQ total score. This study highlights several important understudied areas of vulnerability for autistic adults, including domestic abuse, contact with social services (as parents) and financial exploitation and hardship. Improved support, advice and advocacy services are needed to reduce the vulnerability of autistic adults to negative life experiences, which may in turn improve mental health and life satisfaction in this population. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1516-1528. (c) 2019 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: This study investigated whether autistic adults are more vulnerable to certain negative life experiences, and whether these experiences are related to anxiety, depression and life satisfaction. We found that autistic adults are more vulnerable to many different negative life events, including employment difficulties, financial hardship and domestic abuse. Negative life experiences partially explained the higher rates of anxiety and depression symptoms and lower life satisfaction in autistic adults compared to non-autistic adults. Improved support services are required to reduce the vulnerability of autistic adults. Reducing vulnerability may improve mental health and increase life satisfaction in this population. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2162 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=408 [article] The Vulnerability Experiences Quotient (VEQ): A Study of Vulnerability, Mental Health and Life Satisfaction in Autistic Adults [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / S. GRIFFITHS, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; R. KENNY, Auteur ; R. HOLT, Auteur ; P. SMITH, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur . - p.1516-1528. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-10 (October 2019) . - p.1516-1528 Mots-clés : adulthood  anxiety  depression  life satisfaction  mental health  victimisation  vulnerability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Co-morbid mental health conditions such as anxiety and depression are extremely common in autistic adults. Vulnerability to negative life experiences such as victimisation and unemployment may be partially responsible for the development of these conditions. Here we measure the frequency of negative life experiences in autistic adults and explore how these are associated with current anxiety and depression symptoms and life satisfaction. We developed the Vulnerability Experiences Quotient (VEQ) through stakeholder consultation. The VEQ includes 60 items across 10 domains. Autistic adults with a clinical diagnosis and non-autistic controls completed the VEQ, screening measures for anxiety and depression, and a life-satisfaction scale in an online survey. Likelihood of experiencing each VEQ event was compared between groups, using binary logistic regression. Mediation analysis was used to test whether total VEQ score mediated the relationship between autism and (1) depression (2) anxiety and (3) life satisfaction. Autistic adults (N = 426) reported higher rates of the majority of events in the VEQ than non-autistic adults (N = 268). They also reported more anxiety and depression symptoms and lower life satisfaction. Group differences in anxiety, depression and life satisfaction were partially mediated by VEQ total score. This study highlights several important understudied areas of vulnerability for autistic adults, including domestic abuse, contact with social services (as parents) and financial exploitation and hardship. Improved support, advice and advocacy services are needed to reduce the vulnerability of autistic adults to negative life experiences, which may in turn improve mental health and life satisfaction in this population. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1516-1528. (c) 2019 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: This study investigated whether autistic adults are more vulnerable to certain negative life experiences, and whether these experiences are related to anxiety, depression and life satisfaction. We found that autistic adults are more vulnerable to many different negative life events, including employment difficulties, financial hardship and domestic abuse. Negative life experiences partially explained the higher rates of anxiety and depression symptoms and lower life satisfaction in autistic adults compared to non-autistic adults. Improved support services are required to reduce the vulnerability of autistic adults. Reducing vulnerability may improve mental health and increase life satisfaction in this population. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2162 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=408

Comparison of three different eye-tracking tasks for distinguishing autistic from typically developing children and autistic symptom severity / J. KOU in Autism Research, 12-10 (October 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-10 (October 2019) . - p.1529-1540 Titre : Comparison of three different eye-tracking tasks for distinguishing autistic from typically developing children and autistic symptom severity Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : J. KOU, Auteur ; J. LE, Auteur ; M. FU, Auteur ; C. LAN, Auteur ; Z. CHEN, Auteur ; Q. LI, Auteur ; W. ZHAO, Auteur ; L. XU, Auteur ; B. BECKER, Auteur ; K. M. KENDRICK, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1529-1540 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Chinese children  attentional preference bias  autism spectrum disorder  dynamic social stimuli  eye-tracking Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Altered patterns of visual social attention preference detected using eye-tracking and a variety of different paradigms are increasingly proposed as sensitive biomarkers for autism spectrum disorder. However, few eye-tracking studies have compared the relative efficacy of different paradigms to discriminate between autistic compared with typically developing children and their sensitivity to specific symptoms. To target this issue, the current study used three common eye-tracking protocols contrasting social versus nonsocial stimuli in young (2-7 years old) Chinese autistic (n = 35) and typically developing (n = 34) children matched for age and gender. Protocols included dancing people versus dynamic geometrical images, biological motion (dynamic light point walking human or cat) versus nonbiological motion (scrambled controls), and child playing with toy versus toy alone. Although all three paradigms differentiated autistic and typically developing children, the dancing people versus dynamic geometry pattern paradigm was the most effective, with autistic children showing marked reductions in visual preference for dancing people and correspondingly increased one for geometric patterns. Furthermore, this altered visual preference in autistic children was correlated with the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule social affect score and had the highest discrimination accuracy. Our results therefore indicate that decreased visual preference for dynamic social stimuli may be the most effective visual attention-based paradigm for use as a biomarker for autism in Chinese children. Clinical trial ID: NCT03286621 (clinicaltrials.gov); Clinical trial name: Development of Eye-tracking Based Markers for Autism in Young Children. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1529-1540. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Eye-tracking measures may be useful in aiding diagnosis and treatment of autism, although it is unclear which specific tasks are optimal. Here we compare the ability of three different social eye-gaze tasks to discriminate between autistic and typically developing young Chinese children and their sensitivity to specific autistic symptoms. Our results show that a dynamic task comparing visual preference for social (individuals dancing) versus geometric patterns is the most effective both for diagnosing autism and sensitivity to its social affect symptoms. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2174 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=408 [article] Comparison of three different eye-tracking tasks for distinguishing autistic from typically developing children and autistic symptom severity [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / J. KOU, Auteur ; J. LE, Auteur ; M. FU, Auteur ; C. LAN, Auteur ; Z. CHEN, Auteur ; Q. LI, Auteur ; W. ZHAO, Auteur ; L. XU, Auteur ; B. BECKER, Auteur ; K. M. KENDRICK, Auteur . - p.1529-1540. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-10 (October 2019) . - p.1529-1540 Mots-clés : Chinese children  attentional preference bias  autism spectrum disorder  dynamic social stimuli  eye-tracking Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Altered patterns of visual social attention preference detected using eye-tracking and a variety of different paradigms are increasingly proposed as sensitive biomarkers for autism spectrum disorder. However, few eye-tracking studies have compared the relative efficacy of different paradigms to discriminate between autistic compared with typically developing children and their sensitivity to specific symptoms. To target this issue, the current study used three common eye-tracking protocols contrasting social versus nonsocial stimuli in young (2-7 years old) Chinese autistic (n = 35) and typically developing (n = 34) children matched for age and gender. Protocols included dancing people versus dynamic geometrical images, biological motion (dynamic light point walking human or cat) versus nonbiological motion (scrambled controls), and child playing with toy versus toy alone. Although all three paradigms differentiated autistic and typically developing children, the dancing people versus dynamic geometry pattern paradigm was the most effective, with autistic children showing marked reductions in visual preference for dancing people and correspondingly increased one for geometric patterns. Furthermore, this altered visual preference in autistic children was correlated with the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule social affect score and had the highest discrimination accuracy. Our results therefore indicate that decreased visual preference for dynamic social stimuli may be the most effective visual attention-based paradigm for use as a biomarker for autism in Chinese children. Clinical trial ID: NCT03286621 (clinicaltrials.gov); Clinical trial name: Development of Eye-tracking Based Markers for Autism in Young Children. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1529-1540. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Eye-tracking measures may be useful in aiding diagnosis and treatment of autism, although it is unclear which specific tasks are optimal. Here we compare the ability of three different social eye-gaze tasks to discriminate between autistic and typically developing young Chinese children and their sensitivity to specific autistic symptoms. Our results show that a dynamic task comparing visual preference for social (individuals dancing) versus geometric patterns is the most effective both for diagnosing autism and sensitivity to its social affect symptoms. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2174 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=408

Is the Autism Boom Headed for Medicaid? Patterns in the Enrollment of Autistic Adults in Wisconsin Medicaid, 2008-2018 / E. RUBENSTEIN in Autism Research, 12-10 (October 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-10 (October 2019) . - p.1541-1550 Titre : Is the Autism Boom Headed for Medicaid? Patterns in the Enrollment of Autistic Adults in Wisconsin Medicaid, 2008-2018 Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : E. RUBENSTEIN, Auteur ; Lauren BISHOP, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1541-1550 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Medicaid  autism spectrum disorder  enrollment  health service  intellectual disability  longitudinal Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Our primary objective was to describe demographic characteristics and enrollment patterns in a unique 11-year full sample of adult Wisconsin Medicaid beneficiaries with identified autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or intellectual disability (ID). We obtained de-identified Medicaid claims data for adults with a recorded ASD or ID diagnosis aged 21 and older with any Medicaid fee-for-service claims between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2018. We assessed enrollment, age, number of visits, and paid amount per year using generalized linear models with a random intercept for each beneficiary. We identified claims for 4,775 autistic adults without ID, 2,738 autistic adults with ID, 14,945 adults with ID, and 3,484 adults with Down syndrome. The age distribution of the diagnostic group with ASD diagnoses was right skewed with a majority of beneficiaries less than age 30. The ASD without ID diagnostic group had the least visits and paid amount per person per year compared to other groups. In each age category, the ASD with ID diagnostic group had the most paid amount per person per year compared to other groups. It is urgent that we identify the health and health service needs of autistic adults from young adulthood through old age. Our findings have implications for ensuring adequate health coverage across the lifespan and highlight the importance of a strong and accessible health care system for autistic people. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1541-1550. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Medicaid provides health insurance to disabled people who meet income requirements. We assessed patterns of enrollment and service use among autistic adults and adults with developmental disabilities in Wisconsin Medicaid. We found a consistent influx of new young autistic adults without intellectual disability into the Medicaid system, with fewer visits and lower paid amounts compared to other developmental disability groups. The changing population of autistic people using Medicaid has implications for providing health care to autistic adults in the future. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2173 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=408 [article] Is the Autism Boom Headed for Medicaid? Patterns in the Enrollment of Autistic Adults in Wisconsin Medicaid, 2008-2018 [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / E. RUBENSTEIN, Auteur ; Lauren BISHOP, Auteur . - p.1541-1550. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-10 (October 2019) . - p.1541-1550 Mots-clés : Medicaid  autism spectrum disorder  enrollment  health service  intellectual disability  longitudinal Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Our primary objective was to describe demographic characteristics and enrollment patterns in a unique 11-year full sample of adult Wisconsin Medicaid beneficiaries with identified autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or intellectual disability (ID). We obtained de-identified Medicaid claims data for adults with a recorded ASD or ID diagnosis aged 21 and older with any Medicaid fee-for-service claims between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2018. We assessed enrollment, age, number of visits, and paid amount per year using generalized linear models with a random intercept for each beneficiary. We identified claims for 4,775 autistic adults without ID, 2,738 autistic adults with ID, 14,945 adults with ID, and 3,484 adults with Down syndrome. The age distribution of the diagnostic group with ASD diagnoses was right skewed with a majority of beneficiaries less than age 30. The ASD without ID diagnostic group had the least visits and paid amount per person per year compared to other groups. In each age category, the ASD with ID diagnostic group had the most paid amount per person per year compared to other groups. It is urgent that we identify the health and health service needs of autistic adults from young adulthood through old age. Our findings have implications for ensuring adequate health coverage across the lifespan and highlight the importance of a strong and accessible health care system for autistic people. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1541-1550. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Medicaid provides health insurance to disabled people who meet income requirements. We assessed patterns of enrollment and service use among autistic adults and adults with developmental disabilities in Wisconsin Medicaid. We found a consistent influx of new young autistic adults without intellectual disability into the Medicaid system, with fewer visits and lower paid amounts compared to other developmental disability groups. The changing population of autistic people using Medicaid has implications for providing health care to autistic adults in the future. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2173 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=408

Infection and Fever in Pregnancy and Autism Spectrum Disorders: Findings from the Study to Explore Early Development / Lisa A. CROEN in Autism Research, 12-10 (October 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-10 (October 2019) . - p.1551-1561 Titre : Infection and Fever in Pregnancy and Autism Spectrum Disorders: Findings from the Study to Explore Early Development Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lisa A. CROEN, Auteur ; Y. QIAN, Auteur ; Paul ASHWOOD, Auteur ; O. ZERBO, Auteur ; Diana SCHENDEL, Auteur ; J. PINTO-MARTIN, Auteur ; M. DANIELE FALLIN, Auteur ; S. LEVY, Auteur ; Laura A. SCHIEVE, Auteur ; M. YEARGIN-ALLSOPP, Auteur ; Katherine R. SABOURIN, Auteur ; Jennifer L. AMES, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1551-1561 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  developmental disorder  immune function  infection  neurodevelopment  prenatal Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Maternal infection and fever during pregnancy have been implicated in the etiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD); however, studies have not been able to separate the effects of fever itself from the impact of a specific infectious organism on the developing brain. We utilized data from the Study to Explore Early Development (SEED), a case-control study among 2- to 5-year-old children born between 2003 and 2006 in the United States, to explore a possible association between maternal infection and fever during pregnancy and risk of ASD and other developmental disorders (DDs). Three groups of children were included: children with ASD (N = 606) and children with DDs (N = 856), ascertained from clinical and educational sources, and children from the general population (N = 796), randomly sampled from state birth records. Information about infection and fever during pregnancy was obtained from a telephone interview with the mother shortly after study enrollment and maternal prenatal and labor/delivery medical records. ASD and DD status was determined by an in-person standardized developmental assessment of the child at 3-5 years of age. After adjustment for covariates, maternal infection anytime during pregnancy was not associated with ASD or DDs. However, second trimester infection accompanied by fever elevated risk for ASD approximately twofold (aOR = 2.19, 95% confidence interval 1.14-4.23). These findings of an association between maternal infection with fever in the second trimester and increased risk of ASD in the offspring suggest that the inflammatory response to the infectious agent may be etiologically relevant. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1551-1561. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Using data from a large multisite study in the United States-the Study to Explore Early Development-we found that women who had an infection during the second trimester of pregnancy accompanied by a fever are more likely to have children with ASD. These findings suggest the possibility that only more severe infections accompanied by a robust inflammatory response increase the risk of ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2175 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=408 [article] Infection and Fever in Pregnancy and Autism Spectrum Disorders: Findings from the Study to Explore Early Development [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lisa A. CROEN, Auteur ; Y. QIAN, Auteur ; Paul ASHWOOD, Auteur ; O. ZERBO, Auteur ; Diana SCHENDEL, Auteur ; J. PINTO-MARTIN, Auteur ; M. DANIELE FALLIN, Auteur ; S. LEVY, Auteur ; Laura A. SCHIEVE, Auteur ; M. YEARGIN-ALLSOPP, Auteur ; Katherine R. SABOURIN, Auteur ; Jennifer L. AMES, Auteur . - p.1551-1561. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-10 (October 2019) . - p.1551-1561 Mots-clés : autism  developmental disorder  immune function  infection  neurodevelopment  prenatal Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Maternal infection and fever during pregnancy have been implicated in the etiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD); however, studies have not been able to separate the effects of fever itself from the impact of a specific infectious organism on the developing brain. We utilized data from the Study to Explore Early Development (SEED), a case-control study among 2- to 5-year-old children born between 2003 and 2006 in the United States, to explore a possible association between maternal infection and fever during pregnancy and risk of ASD and other developmental disorders (DDs). Three groups of children were included: children with ASD (N = 606) and children with DDs (N = 856), ascertained from clinical and educational sources, and children from the general population (N = 796), randomly sampled from state birth records. Information about infection and fever during pregnancy was obtained from a telephone interview with the mother shortly after study enrollment and maternal prenatal and labor/delivery medical records. ASD and DD status was determined by an in-person standardized developmental assessment of the child at 3-5 years of age. After adjustment for covariates, maternal infection anytime during pregnancy was not associated with ASD or DDs. However, second trimester infection accompanied by fever elevated risk for ASD approximately twofold (aOR = 2.19, 95% confidence interval 1.14-4.23). These findings of an association between maternal infection with fever in the second trimester and increased risk of ASD in the offspring suggest that the inflammatory response to the infectious agent may be etiologically relevant. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1551-1561. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Using data from a large multisite study in the United States-the Study to Explore Early Development-we found that women who had an infection during the second trimester of pregnancy accompanied by a fever are more likely to have children with ASD. These findings suggest the possibility that only more severe infections accompanied by a robust inflammatory response increase the risk of ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2175 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=408

Maternal Obesity/Diabetes, Plasma Branched-Chain Amino Acids, and Autism Spectrum Disorder Risk in Urban Low-Income Children: Evidence of Sex Difference / Anita A PANJWANI in Autism Research, 12-10 (October 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-10 (October 2019) . - p.1562-1573 Titre : Maternal Obesity/Diabetes, Plasma Branched-Chain Amino Acids, and Autism Spectrum Disorder Risk in Urban Low-Income Children: Evidence of Sex Difference Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Anita A PANJWANI, Auteur ; Y. JI, Auteur ; J. W. FAHEY, Auteur ; A. PALMER, Auteur ; G. WANG, Auteur ; X. HONG, Auteur ; Barry S. ZUCKERMAN, Auteur ; X. WANG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1562-1573 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  branched-chain amino acids  diabetes mellitus  metabolomics  obesity  pre- and perinatal risk factors  sex differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Maternal metabolic conditions are known risk factors for child autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are also associated with ASD. We examined the joint associations of maternal metabolic conditions and BCAAs on the risk of child ASD and whether the associations differed by child's sex. We analyzed 789 mother-infant pairs, a subset of the Boston Birth Cohort, from a predominantly urban, low-income, minority population. Maternal plasma BCAAs were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in samples collected 24-72 hr postpartum. A composite BCAA score was created using factor analysis, and prepregnancy obesity and diabetes (ob/DM) were combined into one variable. Logistic regression was used to explore the role of BCAAs as mediators or cofactors with ob/DM and child's sex on ASD risk. BCAA-ob/DM and BCAA-sex interactions were also examined. Maternal BCAAs alone were not associated with ASD and did not mediate the path between ob/DM and ASD. In the presence of maternal ob/DM, BCAA score was significantly associated with ASD (adjusted OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.18, 4.60). Interactions were present for valine with ob/DM and for valine and isoleucine with male sex on ASD risk. The odds ratio (OR) for risk of ASD was the greatest with all three risk factors combined-male sex, above median BCAA score, and ob/DM (OR 10.79, 95% CI 4.40, 26.42). Similar patterns were found for other developmental disorders, though not as strong as for ASD. Additional studies are warranted to clarify the role of maternal BCAAs, ob/DM, and child's sex in ASD. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1562-1573. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: This study investigated whether maternal obesity/diabetes and maternal circulating branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) can jointly affect child ASD risk and whether the associations differ by child's sex. We found that the risk of ASD was greater among mothers with obesity/diabetes who also had elevated concentrations of BCAAs and that this risk was even greater for male children. These findings provide new evidence on fetal origins of ASD and sex difference and warrant additional investigation. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2177 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=408 [article] Maternal Obesity/Diabetes, Plasma Branched-Chain Amino Acids, and Autism Spectrum Disorder Risk in Urban Low-Income Children: Evidence of Sex Difference [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Anita A PANJWANI, Auteur ; Y. JI, Auteur ; J. W. FAHEY, Auteur ; A. PALMER, Auteur ; G. WANG, Auteur ; X. HONG, Auteur ; Barry S. ZUCKERMAN, Auteur ; X. WANG, Auteur . - p.1562-1573. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-10 (October 2019) . - p.1562-1573 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  branched-chain amino acids  diabetes mellitus  metabolomics  obesity  pre- and perinatal risk factors  sex differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Maternal metabolic conditions are known risk factors for child autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are also associated with ASD. We examined the joint associations of maternal metabolic conditions and BCAAs on the risk of child ASD and whether the associations differed by child's sex. We analyzed 789 mother-infant pairs, a subset of the Boston Birth Cohort, from a predominantly urban, low-income, minority population. Maternal plasma BCAAs were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in samples collected 24-72 hr postpartum. A composite BCAA score was created using factor analysis, and prepregnancy obesity and diabetes (ob/DM) were combined into one variable. Logistic regression was used to explore the role of BCAAs as mediators or cofactors with ob/DM and child's sex on ASD risk. BCAA-ob/DM and BCAA-sex interactions were also examined. Maternal BCAAs alone were not associated with ASD and did not mediate the path between ob/DM and ASD. In the presence of maternal ob/DM, BCAA score was significantly associated with ASD (adjusted OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.18, 4.60). Interactions were present for valine with ob/DM and for valine and isoleucine with male sex on ASD risk. The odds ratio (OR) for risk of ASD was the greatest with all three risk factors combined-male sex, above median BCAA score, and ob/DM (OR 10.79, 95% CI 4.40, 26.42). Similar patterns were found for other developmental disorders, though not as strong as for ASD. Additional studies are warranted to clarify the role of maternal BCAAs, ob/DM, and child's sex in ASD. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1562-1573. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: This study investigated whether maternal obesity/diabetes and maternal circulating branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) can jointly affect child ASD risk and whether the associations differ by child's sex. We found that the risk of ASD was greater among mothers with obesity/diabetes who also had elevated concentrations of BCAAs and that this risk was even greater for male children. These findings provide new evidence on fetal origins of ASD and sex difference and warrant additional investigation. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2177 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=408

International Society for Autism Research News President's Message - October 2019 / Peter C. MUNDY in Autism Research, 12-10 (October 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-10 (October 2019) . - p.1574 Titre : International Society for Autism Research News President's Message - October 2019 Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Peter C. MUNDY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1574 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2222 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=408 [article] International Society for Autism Research News President's Message - October 2019 [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Peter C. MUNDY, Auteur . - p.1574. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-10 (October 2019) . - p.1574 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2222 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=408