Autistic Traits, Gender Minority Stress, and Mental Health in Transgender and Non-Binary Adults / Karson T. F. KUNG in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 54-4 (April 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 54-4 (April 2024) . - p.1389-1397 Titre : Autistic Traits, Gender Minority Stress, and Mental Health in Transgender and Non-Binary Adults Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Karson T. F. KUNG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1389-1397 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The present study investigated the relation between autistic traits and gender minority stress and the relative importance of autistic traits and gender minority stress in predicting mental health outcomes in gender minority adults. An online survey was completed by 90 transgender women, 72 transgender men, 48 non-binary individuals assigned male at birth (AMAB), and 98 non-binary individuals assigned female at birth (AFAB). Autistic traits positively correlated with internalised transphobia in the non-binary groups. In general, higher autistic traits and gender minority stress correlated with poorer mental health outcomes. After controlling for gender minority stress, autistic traits accounted for additional variance of suicidality across gender minority groups, anxiety symptoms in the non-binary groups, and all mental health outcomes in non-binary AFAB. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-022-05875-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=526 [article] Autistic Traits, Gender Minority Stress, and Mental Health in Transgender and Non-Binary Adults [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Karson T. F. KUNG, Auteur . - p.1389-1397. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 54-4 (April 2024) . - p.1389-1397 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The present study investigated the relation between autistic traits and gender minority stress and the relative importance of autistic traits and gender minority stress in predicting mental health outcomes in gender minority adults. An online survey was completed by 90 transgender women, 72 transgender men, 48 non-binary individuals assigned male at birth (AMAB), and 98 non-binary individuals assigned female at birth (AFAB). Autistic traits positively correlated with internalised transphobia in the non-binary groups. In general, higher autistic traits and gender minority stress correlated with poorer mental health outcomes. After controlling for gender minority stress, autistic traits accounted for additional variance of suicidality across gender minority groups, anxiety symptoms in the non-binary groups, and all mental health outcomes in non-binary AFAB. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-022-05875-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=526

Autistic traits, systemising, empathising, and theory of mind in transgender and non-binary adults / Karson T. F. KUNG in Molecular Autism, 11 (2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 11 (2020) . - 73 p. Titre : Autistic traits, systemising, empathising, and theory of mind in transgender and non-binary adults Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Karson T. F. KUNG, Auteur Article en page(s) : 73 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Empathy  Extreme male brain  Gender minority  Non-binary  Systemising  Theory of mind  Transgender Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Prior research examining autistic traits in gender minority adults has reported mixed findings. Most prior studies did not include non-binary individuals. Little is known about the mechanisms shaping autistic traits in gender minority adults. This study examined autistic traits, as well as constructs related to the extreme male brain theory of autism and the mindblindness theory, in transgender and non-binary adults. METHODS: An online survey was conducted to assess autism-related traits in 323 gender minority adults, including 74 transgender men (individuals assigned female at birth and identify as a man), 95 transgender women (individuals assigned male at birth and identify as a woman), 104 non-binary AFAB (individuals assigned female at birth and identify as non-binary), and 50 non-binary AMAB (individuals assigned male at birth and identify as non-binary). Autistic traits, systemising, empathising, and Theory of Mind (ToM) were measured using the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ), the short forms of the Systemising Quotient (SQ-Short) and the Empathy Quotient (EQ-Short), the 10-item version of the Empathy Quotient (EQ-10) and the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (Eyes Test). Participants' scores on these measures were compared with previously published scores based on large-scale general population samples including thousands of participants. RESULTS: On average, compared with control females in the general population samples, both transgender men and non-binary AFAB scored significantly higher on the AQ and the SQ-Short but scored significantly lower on the EQ-Short, the EQ-10, and the Eyes Test. No clear or consistent group differences emerged when transgender women and non-binary AMAB were compared with control males. LIMITATIONS: The present study does not have a large sample of gender minority adults. It has been argued that the measures employed may not provide a precise assessment of the psychological constructs of interest. The present study has a "non-clinical" sample. However, not all gender minorities have access to or require clinical services, and so a "non-clinical" sample may be more representative of the gender minority community as a whole than samples recruited through clinics. CONCLUSIONS: The current findings suggest a "masculinised" autism-related profile and reduced ToM in transgender men and in non-binary AFAB. These findings might be interpreted to support the extreme male brain theory of autism and the mindblindness theory. Further research is needed to corroborate these findings. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-020-00378-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=433 [article] Autistic traits, systemising, empathising, and theory of mind in transgender and non-binary adults [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Karson T. F. KUNG, Auteur . - 73 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 11 (2020) . - 73 p. Mots-clés : Autism  Empathy  Extreme male brain  Gender minority  Non-binary  Systemising  Theory of mind  Transgender Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Prior research examining autistic traits in gender minority adults has reported mixed findings. Most prior studies did not include non-binary individuals. Little is known about the mechanisms shaping autistic traits in gender minority adults. This study examined autistic traits, as well as constructs related to the extreme male brain theory of autism and the mindblindness theory, in transgender and non-binary adults. METHODS: An online survey was conducted to assess autism-related traits in 323 gender minority adults, including 74 transgender men (individuals assigned female at birth and identify as a man), 95 transgender women (individuals assigned male at birth and identify as a woman), 104 non-binary AFAB (individuals assigned female at birth and identify as non-binary), and 50 non-binary AMAB (individuals assigned male at birth and identify as non-binary). Autistic traits, systemising, empathising, and Theory of Mind (ToM) were measured using the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ), the short forms of the Systemising Quotient (SQ-Short) and the Empathy Quotient (EQ-Short), the 10-item version of the Empathy Quotient (EQ-10) and the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (Eyes Test). Participants' scores on these measures were compared with previously published scores based on large-scale general population samples including thousands of participants. RESULTS: On average, compared with control females in the general population samples, both transgender men and non-binary AFAB scored significantly higher on the AQ and the SQ-Short but scored significantly lower on the EQ-Short, the EQ-10, and the Eyes Test. No clear or consistent group differences emerged when transgender women and non-binary AMAB were compared with control males. LIMITATIONS: The present study does not have a large sample of gender minority adults. It has been argued that the measures employed may not provide a precise assessment of the psychological constructs of interest. The present study has a "non-clinical" sample. However, not all gender minorities have access to or require clinical services, and so a "non-clinical" sample may be more representative of the gender minority community as a whole than samples recruited through clinics. CONCLUSIONS: The current findings suggest a "masculinised" autism-related profile and reduced ToM in transgender men and in non-binary AFAB. These findings might be interpreted to support the extreme male brain theory of autism and the mindblindness theory. Further research is needed to corroborate these findings. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-020-00378-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=433

Correction: The Chinese 10-Item Empathy Quotient and Systemising Quotient-Revised: Internal Consistency, Test-Retest Reliability, Known-Groups Validity, and Sex Differences in Autistic and Non-Autistic Adults / Karson T. F. KUNG in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 55-4 (April 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 55-4 (April 2024) . - p.1547-1547 Titre : Correction: The Chinese 10-Item Empathy Quotient and Systemising Quotient-Revised: Internal Consistency, Test-Retest Reliability, Known-Groups Validity, and Sex Differences in Autistic and Non-Autistic Adults Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Karson T. F. KUNG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1547-1547 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-024-06692-w Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=550 [article] Correction: The Chinese 10-Item Empathy Quotient and Systemising Quotient-Revised: Internal Consistency, Test-Retest Reliability, Known-Groups Validity, and Sex Differences in Autistic and Non-Autistic Adults [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Karson T. F. KUNG, Auteur . - p.1547-1547. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 55-4 (April 2024) . - p.1547-1547 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-024-06692-w Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=550

No relationship between early postnatal testosterone concentrations and autistic traits in 18 to 30-month-old children / Karson T. F. KUNG in Molecular Autism, 7 (2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 7 (2016) . - 15p. Titre : No relationship between early postnatal testosterone concentrations and autistic traits in 18 to 30-month-old children Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Karson T. F. KUNG, Auteur ; M. CONSTANTINESCU, Auteur ; W. V. BROWNE, Auteur ; R. M. NOORDERHAVEN, Auteur ; M. HINES, Auteur Article en page(s) : 15p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder/metabolism/psychology  Birth Weight  Child Development  Child, Preschool  Female  Humans  Infant  Male  Maternal Age  Parents/education  Paternal Age  Risk Factors  Saliva/chemistry  Siblings  Surveys and Questionnaires  Symptom Assessment  Testosterone/analysis  Autism  Gender differences  Postnatal development  Sex differences  Testosterone Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Some previous research has suggested that testosterone prenatally contributes to gender differences in autistic traits, but little is known about the role of testosterone during early postnatal development (mini-puberty). Two prior studies found no sex difference in testosterone postnatally in saliva samples and detected little to no relationship between testosterone postnatally and autistic traits in toddlers. These findings may reflect late measurements of testosterone at 3 to 4 months of age, after the peak of mini-puberty at 1 to 3 months of age. The present study examined the relationship between testosterone at 1 to 3 months of age and autistic traits at 18 to 30 months of age. FINDINGS: Testosterone was measured in saliva samples collected from children at 1 to 3 months of age. When the children (40 boys, 47 girls) reached 18 to 30 months of age, parents completed the Quantitative Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (Q-CHAT). Boys had higher concentrations of testosterone postnatally and higher Q-CHAT scores than girls. However, testosterone did not correlate with Q-CHAT scores in boys, girls, or the entire sample. CONCLUSIONS: The current results suggest that testosterone during the early postnatal period does not contribute to later autistic traits. Given our relatively small samples and therefore limited power, however, further research could usefully examine if testosterone in saliva samples collected during the peak of mini-puberty in larger groups predicts autistic traits or other traits that show gender differences. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-016-0078-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=328 [article] No relationship between early postnatal testosterone concentrations and autistic traits in 18 to 30-month-old children [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Karson T. F. KUNG, Auteur ; M. CONSTANTINESCU, Auteur ; W. V. BROWNE, Auteur ; R. M. NOORDERHAVEN, Auteur ; M. HINES, Auteur . - 15p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 7 (2016) . - 15p. Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder/metabolism/psychology  Birth Weight  Child Development  Child, Preschool  Female  Humans  Infant  Male  Maternal Age  Parents/education  Paternal Age  Risk Factors  Saliva/chemistry  Siblings  Surveys and Questionnaires  Symptom Assessment  Testosterone/analysis  Autism  Gender differences  Postnatal development  Sex differences  Testosterone Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Some previous research has suggested that testosterone prenatally contributes to gender differences in autistic traits, but little is known about the role of testosterone during early postnatal development (mini-puberty). Two prior studies found no sex difference in testosterone postnatally in saliva samples and detected little to no relationship between testosterone postnatally and autistic traits in toddlers. These findings may reflect late measurements of testosterone at 3 to 4 months of age, after the peak of mini-puberty at 1 to 3 months of age. The present study examined the relationship between testosterone at 1 to 3 months of age and autistic traits at 18 to 30 months of age. FINDINGS: Testosterone was measured in saliva samples collected from children at 1 to 3 months of age. When the children (40 boys, 47 girls) reached 18 to 30 months of age, parents completed the Quantitative Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (Q-CHAT). Boys had higher concentrations of testosterone postnatally and higher Q-CHAT scores than girls. However, testosterone did not correlate with Q-CHAT scores in boys, girls, or the entire sample. CONCLUSIONS: The current results suggest that testosterone during the early postnatal period does not contribute to later autistic traits. Given our relatively small samples and therefore limited power, however, further research could usefully examine if testosterone in saliva samples collected during the peak of mini-puberty in larger groups predicts autistic traits or other traits that show gender differences. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-016-0078-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=328

No relationship between prenatal androgen exposure and autistic traits: convergent evidence from studies of children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia and of amniotic testosterone concentrations in typically developing children / Karson T. F. KUNG in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-12 (December 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-12 (December 2016) . - p.1455-1462 Titre : No relationship between prenatal androgen exposure and autistic traits: convergent evidence from studies of children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia and of amniotic testosterone concentrations in typically developing children Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Karson T. F. KUNG, Auteur ; Debra SPENCER, Auteur ; Vickie PASTERSKI, Auteur ; Sharon NEUFELD, Auteur ; Vivette GLOVER, Auteur ; Thomas G. O'CONNOR, Auteur ; Peter C. HINDMARSH, Auteur ; Ieuan A. HUGHES, Auteur ; Carlo L. ACERINI, Auteur ; Melissa HINES, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1455-1462 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Congenital adrenal hyperplasia  fetal testosterone  prenatal testosterone exposure  autism  autistic traits  extreme male brain Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background There is a marked male preponderance in autism spectrum conditions. The extreme male brain theory and the fetal androgen theory of autism suggest that elevated prenatal testosterone exposure is a key contributor to autistic traits. The current paper reports findings from two separate studies that test this hypothesis. Methods A parent-report questionnaire, the Childhood Autism Spectrum Test (CAST), was employed to measure autistic traits in both studies. The first study examined autistic traits in young children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), a condition causing unusually high concentrations of testosterone prenatally in girls. Eighty one children with CAH (43 girls) and 72 unaffected relatives (41 girls), aged 4–11 years, were assessed. The second study examined autistic traits in relation to amniotic testosterone in 92 typically developing children (48 girls), aged 3–5 years. Results Findings from neither study supported the association between prenatal androgen (testosterone) exposure and autistic traits. Specifically, young girls with and without CAH did not differ significantly in CAST scores and amniotic testosterone concentrations were not significantly associated with CAST scores in boys, girls, or the whole sample. Conclusions These studies do not support a relationship between prenatal testosterone exposure and autistic traits. These findings augment prior research suggesting no consistent relationship between early androgen exposure and autistic traits. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12602 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298 [article] No relationship between prenatal androgen exposure and autistic traits: convergent evidence from studies of children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia and of amniotic testosterone concentrations in typically developing children [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Karson T. F. KUNG, Auteur ; Debra SPENCER, Auteur ; Vickie PASTERSKI, Auteur ; Sharon NEUFELD, Auteur ; Vivette GLOVER, Auteur ; Thomas G. O'CONNOR, Auteur ; Peter C. HINDMARSH, Auteur ; Ieuan A. HUGHES, Auteur ; Carlo L. ACERINI, Auteur ; Melissa HINES, Auteur . - p.1455-1462. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-12 (December 2016) . - p.1455-1462 Mots-clés : Congenital adrenal hyperplasia  fetal testosterone  prenatal testosterone exposure  autism  autistic traits  extreme male brain Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background There is a marked male preponderance in autism spectrum conditions. The extreme male brain theory and the fetal androgen theory of autism suggest that elevated prenatal testosterone exposure is a key contributor to autistic traits. The current paper reports findings from two separate studies that test this hypothesis. Methods A parent-report questionnaire, the Childhood Autism Spectrum Test (CAST), was employed to measure autistic traits in both studies. The first study examined autistic traits in young children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), a condition causing unusually high concentrations of testosterone prenatally in girls. Eighty one children with CAH (43 girls) and 72 unaffected relatives (41 girls), aged 4–11 years, were assessed. The second study examined autistic traits in relation to amniotic testosterone in 92 typically developing children (48 girls), aged 3–5 years. Results Findings from neither study supported the association between prenatal androgen (testosterone) exposure and autistic traits. Specifically, young girls with and without CAH did not differ significantly in CAST scores and amniotic testosterone concentrations were not significantly associated with CAST scores in boys, girls, or the whole sample. Conclusions These studies do not support a relationship between prenatal testosterone exposure and autistic traits. These findings augment prior research suggesting no consistent relationship between early androgen exposure and autistic traits. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12602 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298

No relationship between prenatal or early postnatal androgen exposure and autistic traits: evidence using anogenital distance and penile length measurements at birth and 3 months of age / Karson T. F. KUNG in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 62-7 (July 2021)  

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