Age-related parietal GABA alterations in children with autism spectrum disorder / Marilena M. DEMAYO in Autism Research, 14-5 (May 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-5 (May 2021) . - p.859-872 Titre : Age-related parietal GABA alterations in children with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Marilena M. DEMAYO, Auteur ; Ashley D. HARRIS, Auteur ; Yun Ju C. SONG, Auteur ; Izabella POKORSKI, Auteur ; Rinku THAPA, Auteur ; Shrujna PATEL, Auteur ; Zahava AMBARCHI, Auteur ; Emma E. THOMAS, Auteur ; Ian B. HICKIE, Auteur ; Adam J. GUASTELLA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.859-872 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)  biomarker  children  magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)  neurochemistry  parietal lobe Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : GABA is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, and is essential to the balance of cortical excitation and inhibition. Reductions in GABA are proposed to result in an overly excitatory cortex that may cause, or contribute to, symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study employed a cross-sectional design to explore GABA+ differences in ASD and the impact of age, comparing 4-12 year olds with ASD (N = 24) to typically developing children (N = 35). GABA+ concentration was measured using edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the left parietal lobe. This study used a mixed model to investigate group differences between children with ASD and typically developing children. There was a significant difference in GABA+ levels between the groups, a significant effect of age and interaction between age and diagnostic group. The ASD group showed an association between GABA+ and age, with GABA+ levels gradually increasing with age (r = 0.59, p = 0.003). Typically developing children did not show age-related change in GABA+ concentration (r = 0.09, p = 0.60). By the age of 9, children with ASD showed GABA+ levels that were comparable to their typically developing peers. This study suggests that children with ASD have initially lower levels of GABA+ in the left parietal lobe compared to typically developing children, and that these initially lower levels of GABA+ increase with age in ASD within this region. It is suggested that this developmental shift of GABA+ levels within the left parietal lobe provides a possible explanation for the previously found reductions in childhood that does not persist in adults. LAY SUMMARY: This study measured levels of GABA in the left parietal lobe using magnetic resonance spectroscopy in children with ASD and typically developing children. GABA levels were initially lower in the ASD group, and increased with age, while GABA did not change with age in the typically developing group. This suggests that alterations in GABA signaling may be associated with ASD in childhood. Autism Res 2021, 14: 859-872. © 2021 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals LLC. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2487 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=444 [article] Age-related parietal GABA alterations in children with autism spectrum disorder [texte imprimé] / Marilena M. DEMAYO, Auteur ; Ashley D. HARRIS, Auteur ; Yun Ju C. SONG, Auteur ; Izabella POKORSKI, Auteur ; Rinku THAPA, Auteur ; Shrujna PATEL, Auteur ; Zahava AMBARCHI, Auteur ; Emma E. THOMAS, Auteur ; Ian B. HICKIE, Auteur ; Adam J. GUASTELLA, Auteur . - p.859-872. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-5 (May 2021) . - p.859-872 Mots-clés : GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)  biomarker  children  magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)  neurochemistry  parietal lobe Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : GABA is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, and is essential to the balance of cortical excitation and inhibition. Reductions in GABA are proposed to result in an overly excitatory cortex that may cause, or contribute to, symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study employed a cross-sectional design to explore GABA+ differences in ASD and the impact of age, comparing 4-12 year olds with ASD (N = 24) to typically developing children (N = 35). GABA+ concentration was measured using edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the left parietal lobe. This study used a mixed model to investigate group differences between children with ASD and typically developing children. There was a significant difference in GABA+ levels between the groups, a significant effect of age and interaction between age and diagnostic group. The ASD group showed an association between GABA+ and age, with GABA+ levels gradually increasing with age (r = 0.59, p = 0.003). Typically developing children did not show age-related change in GABA+ concentration (r = 0.09, p = 0.60). By the age of 9, children with ASD showed GABA+ levels that were comparable to their typically developing peers. This study suggests that children with ASD have initially lower levels of GABA+ in the left parietal lobe compared to typically developing children, and that these initially lower levels of GABA+ increase with age in ASD within this region. It is suggested that this developmental shift of GABA+ levels within the left parietal lobe provides a possible explanation for the previously found reductions in childhood that does not persist in adults. LAY SUMMARY: This study measured levels of GABA in the left parietal lobe using magnetic resonance spectroscopy in children with ASD and typically developing children. GABA levels were initially lower in the ASD group, and increased with age, while GABA did not change with age in the typically developing group. This suggests that alterations in GABA signaling may be associated with ASD in childhood. Autism Res 2021, 14: 859-872. © 2021 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals LLC. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2487 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=444

Atypical Tactile Perception in Early Childhood Autism / Svenja ESPENHAHN in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 53-7 (July 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 53-7 (July 2023) . - p.2891-2904 Titre : Atypical Tactile Perception in Early Childhood Autism Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Svenja ESPENHAHN, Auteur ; Kate J. GODFREY, Auteur ; Sakshi KAUR, Auteur ; Carly A. MCMORRIS, Auteur ; Kara MURIAS, Auteur ; Mark TOMMERDAHL, Auteur ; Signe BRAY, Auteur ; Ashley D. HARRIS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2891-2904 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We assessed different aspects of tactile perception in young children (3-6 years) with autism. Autistic and neurotypical children completed vibrotactile tasks assessing reaction time, amplitude discrimination (sequential and simultaneous) and temporal discrimination (temporal order judgment and duration discrimination). Autistic children had elevated and more variable reaction times, suggesting slower perceptual-motor processing speed and/or greater distractibility. Children with autism also showed higher amplitude discrimination and temporal order judgement thresholds compared to neurotypical children. Tactile perceptual metrics did not associate with social or tactile sensitivities measured by parent-reports. Altered tactile behavioral responses appear in early childhood, can be quantified but appear dissociated from sensitivity. This implies these measures are complementary, but not necessarily related, phenomena of atypical tactile perception in autism. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-022-05570-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=508 [article] Atypical Tactile Perception in Early Childhood Autism [texte imprimé] / Svenja ESPENHAHN, Auteur ; Kate J. GODFREY, Auteur ; Sakshi KAUR, Auteur ; Carly A. MCMORRIS, Auteur ; Kara MURIAS, Auteur ; Mark TOMMERDAHL, Auteur ; Signe BRAY, Auteur ; Ashley D. HARRIS, Auteur . - p.2891-2904. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 53-7 (July 2023) . - p.2891-2904 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We assessed different aspects of tactile perception in young children (3-6 years) with autism. Autistic and neurotypical children completed vibrotactile tasks assessing reaction time, amplitude discrimination (sequential and simultaneous) and temporal discrimination (temporal order judgment and duration discrimination). Autistic children had elevated and more variable reaction times, suggesting slower perceptual-motor processing speed and/or greater distractibility. Children with autism also showed higher amplitude discrimination and temporal order judgement thresholds compared to neurotypical children. Tactile perceptual metrics did not associate with social or tactile sensitivities measured by parent-reports. Altered tactile behavioral responses appear in early childhood, can be quantified but appear dissociated from sensitivity. This implies these measures are complementary, but not necessarily related, phenomena of atypical tactile perception in autism. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-022-05570-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=508

Reduced GABA and altered somatosensory function in children with autism spectrum disorder / Nicolaas A.J. PUTS in Autism Research, 10-4 (April 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 10-4 (April 2017) . - p.608-619 Titre : Reduced GABA and altered somatosensory function in children with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Nicolaas A.J. PUTS, Auteur ; Ericka L. WODKA, Auteur ; Ashley D. HARRIS, Auteur ; Deana CROCETTI, Auteur ; Mark TOMMERDAHL, Auteur ; Stewart H. MOSTOFSKY, Auteur ; Richard A.E. EDDEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.608-619 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  somatosensory  GABA  magnetic resonance spectroscopy  tactile  MRS  touch Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Abnormal responses to tactile stimuli are a common feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Several lines of evidence suggest that GABAergic function, which has a crucial role in tactile processing, is altered in ASD. In this study, we determine whether in vivo GABA levels are altered in children with ASD, and whether alterations in GABA levels are associated with abnormal tactile function in these children. Methods: GABA-edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy was acquired in 37 children with Autism and 35 typically developing children (TDC) from voxels over primary sensorimotor and occipital cortices. Children performed tactile tasks previously shown to be altered in ASD, linked to inhibitory mechanisms. Detection threshold was measured with- and without the presence of a slowly increasing sub-threshold stimulus. Amplitude discrimination was measured with- and without the presence of an adapting stimulus, and frequency discrimination was measured. Results: Sensorimotor GABA levels were significantly reduced in children with autism compared to healthy controls. Occipital GABA levels were normal. Sensorimotor GABA levels correlated with dynamic detection threshold as well as with the effect of sub-threshold stimulation. Sensorimotor GABA levels also correlated with amplitude discrimination after adaptation (an effect absent in autism) and frequency discrimination in controls, but not in children with autism. Conclusions: GABA levels correlate with behavioral measures of inhibition. Children with autism have reduced GABA, associated with abnormalities in tactile performance. We show here that altered in vivo GABA levels might predict abnormal tactile information processing in ASD and that the GABA system may be a future target for therapies. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1691 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=307 [article] Reduced GABA and altered somatosensory function in children with autism spectrum disorder [texte imprimé] / Nicolaas A.J. PUTS, Auteur ; Ericka L. WODKA, Auteur ; Ashley D. HARRIS, Auteur ; Deana CROCETTI, Auteur ; Mark TOMMERDAHL, Auteur ; Stewart H. MOSTOFSKY, Auteur ; Richard A.E. EDDEN, Auteur . - p.608-619. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 10-4 (April 2017) . - p.608-619 Mots-clés : autism  somatosensory  GABA  magnetic resonance spectroscopy  tactile  MRS  touch Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Abnormal responses to tactile stimuli are a common feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Several lines of evidence suggest that GABAergic function, which has a crucial role in tactile processing, is altered in ASD. In this study, we determine whether in vivo GABA levels are altered in children with ASD, and whether alterations in GABA levels are associated with abnormal tactile function in these children. Methods: GABA-edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy was acquired in 37 children with Autism and 35 typically developing children (TDC) from voxels over primary sensorimotor and occipital cortices. Children performed tactile tasks previously shown to be altered in ASD, linked to inhibitory mechanisms. Detection threshold was measured with- and without the presence of a slowly increasing sub-threshold stimulus. Amplitude discrimination was measured with- and without the presence of an adapting stimulus, and frequency discrimination was measured. Results: Sensorimotor GABA levels were significantly reduced in children with autism compared to healthy controls. Occipital GABA levels were normal. Sensorimotor GABA levels correlated with dynamic detection threshold as well as with the effect of sub-threshold stimulation. Sensorimotor GABA levels also correlated with amplitude discrimination after adaptation (an effect absent in autism) and frequency discrimination in controls, but not in children with autism. Conclusions: GABA levels correlate with behavioral measures of inhibition. Children with autism have reduced GABA, associated with abnormalities in tactile performance. We show here that altered in vivo GABA levels might predict abnormal tactile information processing in ASD and that the GABA system may be a future target for therapies. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1691 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=307

Tactile cortical responses and association with tactile reactivity in young children on the autism spectrum / Svenja ESPENHAHN in Molecular Autism, 12 (2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 12 (2021) . - 26 p. Titre : Tactile cortical responses and association with tactile reactivity in young children on the autism spectrum Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Svenja ESPENHAHN, Auteur ; Kate J. GODFREY, Auteur ; Sakshi KAUR, Auteur ; Maia ROSS, Auteur ; Niloy NATH, Auteur ; Olesya DMITRIEVA, Auteur ; Carly A. MCMORRIS, Auteur ; Filomeno CORTESE, Auteur ; Caroline WRIGHT, Auteur ; Kara MURIAS, Auteur ; Deborah DEWEY, Auteur ; Andrea B. PROTZNER, Auteur ; Adam W. MCCRIMMON, Auteur ; Signe BRAY, Auteur ; Ashley D. HARRIS, Auteur Article en page(s) : 26 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autistic Disorder/physiopathology  Child  Child, Preschool  Electroencephalography  Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory  Female  Humans  Male  Somatosensory Cortex/physiopathology  Touch  Adaptation  Autism  Children  Eeg  Erp  Somatosensory-evoked potentials  Tactile sensitivities  Tactile stimulation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Unusual behavioral reactions to sensory stimuli are frequently reported in individuals on the autism spectrum (AS). Despite the early emergence of sensory features (< age 3) and their potential impact on development and quality of life, little is known about the neural mechanisms underlying sensory reactivity in early childhood autism. METHODS: Here, we used electroencephalography (EEG) to investigate tactile cortical processing in young children aged 3-6 years with autism and in neurotypical (NT) children. Scalp EEG was recorded from 33 children with autism, including those with low cognitive and/or verbal abilities, and 45 age- and sex-matched NT children during passive tactile fingertip stimulation. We compared properties of early and later somatosensory-evoked potentials (SEPs) and their adaptation with repetitive stimulation between autistic and NT children and assessed whether these neural measures are linked to "real-world" parent-reported tactile reactivity. RESULTS: As expected, we found elevated tactile reactivity in children on the autism spectrum. Our findings indicated no differences in amplitude or latency of early and mid-latency somatosensory-evoked potentials (P50, N80, P100), nor adaptation between autistic and NT children. However, latency of later processing of tactile information (N140) was shorter in young children with autism compared to NT children, suggesting faster processing speed in young autistic children. Further, correlational analyses and exploratory analyses using tactile reactivity as a grouping variable found that enhanced early neural responses were associated with greater tactile reactivity in autism. LIMITATIONS: The relatively small sample size and the inclusion of a broad range of autistic children (e.g., with low cognitive and/or verbal abilities) may have limited our power to detect subtle group differences and associations. Hence, replications are needed to verify these results. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that electrophysiological somatosensory cortex processing measures may be indices of "real-world" tactile reactivity in early childhood autism. Together, these findings advance our understanding of the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying tactile reactivity in early childhood autism and, in the clinical context, may have therapeutic implications. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-021-00435-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=459 [article] Tactile cortical responses and association with tactile reactivity in young children on the autism spectrum [texte imprimé] / Svenja ESPENHAHN, Auteur ; Kate J. GODFREY, Auteur ; Sakshi KAUR, Auteur ; Maia ROSS, Auteur ; Niloy NATH, Auteur ; Olesya DMITRIEVA, Auteur ; Carly A. MCMORRIS, Auteur ; Filomeno CORTESE, Auteur ; Caroline WRIGHT, Auteur ; Kara MURIAS, Auteur ; Deborah DEWEY, Auteur ; Andrea B. PROTZNER, Auteur ; Adam W. MCCRIMMON, Auteur ; Signe BRAY, Auteur ; Ashley D. HARRIS, Auteur . - 26 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 12 (2021) . - 26 p. Mots-clés : Autistic Disorder/physiopathology  Child  Child, Preschool  Electroencephalography  Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory  Female  Humans  Male  Somatosensory Cortex/physiopathology  Touch  Adaptation  Autism  Children  Eeg  Erp  Somatosensory-evoked potentials  Tactile sensitivities  Tactile stimulation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Unusual behavioral reactions to sensory stimuli are frequently reported in individuals on the autism spectrum (AS). Despite the early emergence of sensory features (< age 3) and their potential impact on development and quality of life, little is known about the neural mechanisms underlying sensory reactivity in early childhood autism. METHODS: Here, we used electroencephalography (EEG) to investigate tactile cortical processing in young children aged 3-6 years with autism and in neurotypical (NT) children. Scalp EEG was recorded from 33 children with autism, including those with low cognitive and/or verbal abilities, and 45 age- and sex-matched NT children during passive tactile fingertip stimulation. We compared properties of early and later somatosensory-evoked potentials (SEPs) and their adaptation with repetitive stimulation between autistic and NT children and assessed whether these neural measures are linked to "real-world" parent-reported tactile reactivity. RESULTS: As expected, we found elevated tactile reactivity in children on the autism spectrum. Our findings indicated no differences in amplitude or latency of early and mid-latency somatosensory-evoked potentials (P50, N80, P100), nor adaptation between autistic and NT children. However, latency of later processing of tactile information (N140) was shorter in young children with autism compared to NT children, suggesting faster processing speed in young autistic children. Further, correlational analyses and exploratory analyses using tactile reactivity as a grouping variable found that enhanced early neural responses were associated with greater tactile reactivity in autism. LIMITATIONS: The relatively small sample size and the inclusion of a broad range of autistic children (e.g., with low cognitive and/or verbal abilities) may have limited our power to detect subtle group differences and associations. Hence, replications are needed to verify these results. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that electrophysiological somatosensory cortex processing measures may be indices of "real-world" tactile reactivity in early childhood autism. Together, these findings advance our understanding of the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying tactile reactivity in early childhood autism and, in the clinical context, may have therapeutic implications. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-021-00435-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=459

A working taxonomy for describing the sensory differences of autism / Zachary J. WILLIAMS ; Ashley D. HARRIS ; Helen POWELL ; Roseann C. SCHAAF ; Teresa TAVASSOLI ; Nicolaas A.J. PUTS in Molecular Autism, 14 (2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 14 (2023) . - 15 p. Titre : A working taxonomy for describing the sensory differences of autism Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Zachary J. WILLIAMS, Auteur ; Ashley D. HARRIS, Auteur ; Helen POWELL, Auteur ; Roseann C. SCHAAF, Auteur ; Teresa TAVASSOLI, Auteur ; Nicolaas A.J. PUTS, Auteur Article en page(s) : 15 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Individuals on the autism spectrum have been long described to process sensory information differently than neurotypical individuals. While much effort has been leveraged towards characterizing and investigating the neurobiology underlying the sensory differences of autism, there has been a notable lack of consistency in the terms being used to describe the nature of those differences. MAIN BODY: We argue that inconsistent and interchangeable terminology-use when describing the sensory differences of autism has become problematic beyond mere pedantry and inconvenience. We begin by highlighting popular terms that are currently being used to describe the sensory differences of autism (e.g. "sensitivity", "reactivity" and "responsivity") and discuss why poor nomenclature may hamper efforts towards understanding the aetiology of sensory differences in autism. We then provide a solution to poor terminology-use by proposing a hierarchical taxonomy for describing and referring to various sensory features. CONCLUSION: Inconsistent terminology-use when describing the sensory features of autism has stifled discussion and scientific understanding of the sensory differences of autism. The hierarchical taxonomy proposed was developed to help resolve lack of clarity when discussing the sensory differences of autism and to place future research targets at appropriate levels of analysis. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-022-00534-1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=513 [article] A working taxonomy for describing the sensory differences of autism [texte imprimé] / Zachary J. WILLIAMS, Auteur ; Ashley D. HARRIS, Auteur ; Helen POWELL, Auteur ; Roseann C. SCHAAF, Auteur ; Teresa TAVASSOLI, Auteur ; Nicolaas A.J. PUTS, Auteur . - 15 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 14 (2023) . - 15 p. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Individuals on the autism spectrum have been long described to process sensory information differently than neurotypical individuals. While much effort has been leveraged towards characterizing and investigating the neurobiology underlying the sensory differences of autism, there has been a notable lack of consistency in the terms being used to describe the nature of those differences. MAIN BODY: We argue that inconsistent and interchangeable terminology-use when describing the sensory differences of autism has become problematic beyond mere pedantry and inconvenience. We begin by highlighting popular terms that are currently being used to describe the sensory differences of autism (e.g. "sensitivity", "reactivity" and "responsivity") and discuss why poor nomenclature may hamper efforts towards understanding the aetiology of sensory differences in autism. We then provide a solution to poor terminology-use by proposing a hierarchical taxonomy for describing and referring to various sensory features. CONCLUSION: Inconsistent terminology-use when describing the sensory features of autism has stifled discussion and scientific understanding of the sensory differences of autism. The hierarchical taxonomy proposed was developed to help resolve lack of clarity when discussing the sensory differences of autism and to place future research targets at appropriate levels of analysis. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-022-00534-1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=513

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