Adaptive behavior in autism: Minimal clinically important differences on the Vineland?II / Christopher H. CHATHAM in Autism Research, 11-2 (February 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 11-2 (February 2018) . - p.270-283 Titre : Adaptive behavior in autism: Minimal clinically important differences on the Vineland?II Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Christopher H. CHATHAM, Auteur ; K. I. TAYLOR, Auteur ; Tony CHARMAN, Auteur ; X. Liogier D'ARDHUY, Auteur ; E. EULE, Auteur ; A. FEDELE, Auteur ; A. Y. HARDAN, Auteur ; E. LOTH, Auteur ; L. MURTAGH, Auteur ; M. del Valle RUBIDO, Auteur ; Antonia SAN JOSE CACERES, Auteur ; J. SEVIGNY, Auteur ; L. SIKICH, Auteur ; L. SNYDER, Auteur ; J. E. TILLMANN, Auteur ; Pamela VENTOLA, Auteur ; Karen WALTON-BOWEN, Auteur ; P. P. WANG, Auteur ; T. WILLGOSS, Auteur ; Federico BOLOGNANI, Auteur Année de publication : 2018 Article en page(s) : p.270-283 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is associated with persistent impairments in adaptive abilities across multiple domains. These social, personal, and communicative impairments become increasingly pronounced with development, and are present regardless of IQ. The Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Second Edition (Vineland?II) is the most commonly used instrument for quantifying these impairments, but minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs) on Vineland?II scores have not been rigorously established in ASD. We pooled data from several consortia/registries (EU?AIMS LEAP study, ABIDE?I, ABIDE?II, INFOR, Simons Simplex Collection and Autism Treatment Network [ATN]) and clinical investigations and trials (Stanford, Yale, Roche) resulting in a data set of over 9,000 individuals with ASD. Two approaches were used to estimate MCIDs: distribution?based methods and anchor?based methods. Distribution?based MCID [d?MCID] estimates included the standard error of the measurement, as well as one?fifth and one?half of the covariate?adjusted standard deviation (both cross?sectionally and longitudinally). Anchor?based MCID [a?MCID] estimates include the slope of linear regression of clinician ratings of severity on the Vineland?II score, the slope of linear regression of clinician ratings of longitudinal improvement category on Vineland?II change, the Vineland?II change score maximally differentiating clinical impressions of minimal versus no improvement, and equipercentile equating. Across strata, the Vineland?II Adaptive Behavior Composite standardized score MCID estimates range from 2.01 to 3.2 for distribution?based methods, and from 2.42 to 3.75 for sample?size?weighted anchor?based methods. Lower Vineland?II standardized score MCID estimates were observed for younger and more cognitively impaired populations. These MCID estimates enable users of Vineland?II to assess both the statistical and clinical significance of any observed change. Autism Res 2018, 11: 270–283. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary The Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (2nd edition; Vineland?II) is the most widely used scale for assessing day?to?day “adaptive” skills. Yet, it is unknown how much Vineland?II scores must change for those changes to be regarded as clinically significant. We pooled data from over 9,000 individuals with ASD to show that changes of 2–3.75 points on the Vineland?II Composite score represent the “minimal clinically?important difference.” These estimates will help evaluate the benefits of potential new treatments for ASD. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1874 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=334 [article] Adaptive behavior in autism: Minimal clinically important differences on the Vineland?II [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Christopher H. CHATHAM, Auteur ; K. I. TAYLOR, Auteur ; Tony CHARMAN, Auteur ; X. Liogier D'ARDHUY, Auteur ; E. EULE, Auteur ; A. FEDELE, Auteur ; A. Y. HARDAN, Auteur ; E. LOTH, Auteur ; L. MURTAGH, Auteur ; M. del Valle RUBIDO, Auteur ; Antonia SAN JOSE CACERES, Auteur ; J. SEVIGNY, Auteur ; L. SIKICH, Auteur ; L. SNYDER, Auteur ; J. E. TILLMANN, Auteur ; Pamela VENTOLA, Auteur ; Karen WALTON-BOWEN, Auteur ; P. P. WANG, Auteur ; T. WILLGOSS, Auteur ; Federico BOLOGNANI, Auteur . - 2018 . - p.270-283. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 11-2 (February 2018) . - p.270-283 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is associated with persistent impairments in adaptive abilities across multiple domains. These social, personal, and communicative impairments become increasingly pronounced with development, and are present regardless of IQ. The Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Second Edition (Vineland?II) is the most commonly used instrument for quantifying these impairments, but minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs) on Vineland?II scores have not been rigorously established in ASD. We pooled data from several consortia/registries (EU?AIMS LEAP study, ABIDE?I, ABIDE?II, INFOR, Simons Simplex Collection and Autism Treatment Network [ATN]) and clinical investigations and trials (Stanford, Yale, Roche) resulting in a data set of over 9,000 individuals with ASD. Two approaches were used to estimate MCIDs: distribution?based methods and anchor?based methods. Distribution?based MCID [d?MCID] estimates included the standard error of the measurement, as well as one?fifth and one?half of the covariate?adjusted standard deviation (both cross?sectionally and longitudinally). Anchor?based MCID [a?MCID] estimates include the slope of linear regression of clinician ratings of severity on the Vineland?II score, the slope of linear regression of clinician ratings of longitudinal improvement category on Vineland?II change, the Vineland?II change score maximally differentiating clinical impressions of minimal versus no improvement, and equipercentile equating. Across strata, the Vineland?II Adaptive Behavior Composite standardized score MCID estimates range from 2.01 to 3.2 for distribution?based methods, and from 2.42 to 3.75 for sample?size?weighted anchor?based methods. Lower Vineland?II standardized score MCID estimates were observed for younger and more cognitively impaired populations. These MCID estimates enable users of Vineland?II to assess both the statistical and clinical significance of any observed change. Autism Res 2018, 11: 270–283. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary The Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (2nd edition; Vineland?II) is the most widely used scale for assessing day?to?day “adaptive” skills. Yet, it is unknown how much Vineland?II scores must change for those changes to be regarded as clinically significant. We pooled data from over 9,000 individuals with ASD to show that changes of 2–3.75 points on the Vineland?II Composite score represent the “minimal clinically?important difference.” These estimates will help evaluate the benefits of potential new treatments for ASD. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1874 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=334

EU-AIMS Longitudinal European Autism Project (LEAP): the autism twin cohort / J. ISAKSSON in Molecular Autism, 9 (2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 9 (2018) . - 26p. Titre : EU-AIMS Longitudinal European Autism Project (LEAP): the autism twin cohort Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : J. ISAKSSON, Auteur ; K. TAMMIMIES, Auteur ; J. NEUFELD, Auteur ; Elodie CAUVET, Auteur ; K. LUNDIN, Auteur ; Jan K. BUITELAAR, Auteur ; E. LOTH, Auteur ; D. G. M. MURPHY, Auteur ; W. SPOOREN, Auteur ; Sven BÖLTE, Auteur Article en page(s) : 26p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescent  Autistic Disorder/diagnosis/epidemiology/genetics  Child  Cohort Studies  Europe  Female  Humans  Longitudinal Studies  Male  Phenotype  Twins, Dizygotic/statistics & numerical data  Twins, Monozygotic/statistics & numerical data  adhd  Autism spectrum disorder  Biomarkers  Brain  Cognition  Genetics  Intervention  Twins Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : EU-AIMS is the largest European research program aiming to identify stratification biomarkers and novel interventions for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Within the program, the Longitudinal European Autism Project (LEAP) has recruited and comprehensively phenotyped a rare sample of 76 monozygotic and dizygotic twins, discordant, or concordant for ASD plus 30 typically developing twins. The aim of this letter is to complete previous descriptions of the LEAP case-control sample, clinically characterize, and investigate the suitability of the sample for ASD twin-control analyses purposes and share some 'lessons learnt.' Among the twins, a diagnosis of ASD is associated with increased symptom levels of ADHD, higher rates of intellectual disability, and lower family income. For the future, we conclude that the LEAP twin cohort offers multiple options for analyses of genetic and shared and non-shared environmental factors to generate new hypotheses for the larger cohort of LEAP singletons, but particularly cross-validate and refine evidence from it. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-018-0212-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=371 [article] EU-AIMS Longitudinal European Autism Project (LEAP): the autism twin cohort [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / J. ISAKSSON, Auteur ; K. TAMMIMIES, Auteur ; J. NEUFELD, Auteur ; Elodie CAUVET, Auteur ; K. LUNDIN, Auteur ; Jan K. BUITELAAR, Auteur ; E. LOTH, Auteur ; D. G. M. MURPHY, Auteur ; W. SPOOREN, Auteur ; Sven BÖLTE, Auteur . - 26p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 9 (2018) . - 26p. Mots-clés : Adolescent  Autistic Disorder/diagnosis/epidemiology/genetics  Child  Cohort Studies  Europe  Female  Humans  Longitudinal Studies  Male  Phenotype  Twins, Dizygotic/statistics & numerical data  Twins, Monozygotic/statistics & numerical data  adhd  Autism spectrum disorder  Biomarkers  Brain  Cognition  Genetics  Intervention  Twins Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : EU-AIMS is the largest European research program aiming to identify stratification biomarkers and novel interventions for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Within the program, the Longitudinal European Autism Project (LEAP) has recruited and comprehensively phenotyped a rare sample of 76 monozygotic and dizygotic twins, discordant, or concordant for ASD plus 30 typically developing twins. The aim of this letter is to complete previous descriptions of the LEAP case-control sample, clinically characterize, and investigate the suitability of the sample for ASD twin-control analyses purposes and share some 'lessons learnt.' Among the twins, a diagnosis of ASD is associated with increased symptom levels of ADHD, higher rates of intellectual disability, and lower family income. For the future, we conclude that the LEAP twin cohort offers multiple options for analyses of genetic and shared and non-shared environmental factors to generate new hypotheses for the larger cohort of LEAP singletons, but particularly cross-validate and refine evidence from it. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-018-0212-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=371

Facial expression recognition as a candidate marker for autism spectrum disorder: how frequent and severe are deficits? / E. LOTH in Molecular Autism, 9 (2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 9 (2018) . - 7p. Titre : Facial expression recognition as a candidate marker for autism spectrum disorder: how frequent and severe are deficits? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : E. LOTH, Auteur ; L. GARRIDO, Auteur ; Jumana AHMAD, Auteur ; E. WATSON, Auteur ; A. DUFF, Auteur ; B. DUCHAINE, Auteur Article en page(s) : 7p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum disorder  Biomarker  Facial expression recognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Impairments in social communication are a core feature of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Because the ability to infer other people's emotions from their facial expressions is critical for many aspects of social communication, deficits in expression recognition are a plausible candidate marker for ASD. However, previous studies on facial expression recognition produced mixed results, which may be due to differences in the sensitivity of the many tests used and/or the heterogeneity among individuals with ASD. To ascertain whether expression recognition may serve as a diagnostic marker (which distinguishes people with ASD from a comparison group) or a stratification marker (which helps to divide ASD into more homogeneous subgroups), a crucial first step is to move beyond identification of mean group differences and to better understand the frequency and severity of impairments. Methods: This study tested 46 individuals with ASD and 52 age- and IQ-matched typically developing (TD) participants on the Films Expression Task, which combines three key features of real-life expression recognition: naturalistic facial expressions, a broad range of simple and complex emotions, and short presentation time. Test-retest reliability was assessed in 28 individuals who did not participate in the main study and revealed acceptable reliability (ICC r = .74). Results: Case-control comparisons showed highly significant mean group differences for accuracy (p = 1.1 x 10(- 10)), with an effect size (Cohen's d = 1.6), more than twice as large as the mean effect size reported in a previous meta-analysis (Uljarevic and Hamilton, 2012, J Autism Dev Disord). The ASD group also had significantly increased mean reaction times overall (p = .00015, d = .83) and on correct trials (p = .0002, d = .78). However, whereas 63% of people with ASD showed severe deficits (they performed below two standard deviations of the TD mean, a small subgroup (15.3%) performed normally (within one standard deviation of the mean). Conclusion: These findings indicate that the majority of people with ASD have severe expression recognition deficits and that the Films Expression Test is a sensitive task for biomarker research in ASD. Future work is needed to establish whether ASD subgroups with and without expression recognition deficits differ from one another in terms of their symptom profile or neurobiological underpinnings. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-018-0187-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=354 [article] Facial expression recognition as a candidate marker for autism spectrum disorder: how frequent and severe are deficits? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / E. LOTH, Auteur ; L. GARRIDO, Auteur ; Jumana AHMAD, Auteur ; E. WATSON, Auteur ; A. DUFF, Auteur ; B. DUCHAINE, Auteur . - 7p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 9 (2018) . - 7p. Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum disorder  Biomarker  Facial expression recognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Impairments in social communication are a core feature of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Because the ability to infer other people's emotions from their facial expressions is critical for many aspects of social communication, deficits in expression recognition are a plausible candidate marker for ASD. However, previous studies on facial expression recognition produced mixed results, which may be due to differences in the sensitivity of the many tests used and/or the heterogeneity among individuals with ASD. To ascertain whether expression recognition may serve as a diagnostic marker (which distinguishes people with ASD from a comparison group) or a stratification marker (which helps to divide ASD into more homogeneous subgroups), a crucial first step is to move beyond identification of mean group differences and to better understand the frequency and severity of impairments. Methods: This study tested 46 individuals with ASD and 52 age- and IQ-matched typically developing (TD) participants on the Films Expression Task, which combines three key features of real-life expression recognition: naturalistic facial expressions, a broad range of simple and complex emotions, and short presentation time. Test-retest reliability was assessed in 28 individuals who did not participate in the main study and revealed acceptable reliability (ICC r = .74). Results: Case-control comparisons showed highly significant mean group differences for accuracy (p = 1.1 x 10(- 10)), with an effect size (Cohen's d = 1.6), more than twice as large as the mean effect size reported in a previous meta-analysis (Uljarevic and Hamilton, 2012, J Autism Dev Disord). The ASD group also had significantly increased mean reaction times overall (p = .00015, d = .83) and on correct trials (p = .0002, d = .78). However, whereas 63% of people with ASD showed severe deficits (they performed below two standard deviations of the TD mean, a small subgroup (15.3%) performed normally (within one standard deviation of the mean). Conclusion: These findings indicate that the majority of people with ASD have severe expression recognition deficits and that the Films Expression Test is a sensitive task for biomarker research in ASD. Future work is needed to establish whether ASD subgroups with and without expression recognition deficits differ from one another in terms of their symptom profile or neurobiological underpinnings. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-018-0187-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=354

Investigating the factors underlying adaptive functioning in autism in the EU-AIMS Longitudinal European Autism Project / J. TILLMANN in Autism Research, 12-4 (April 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-4 (April 2019) . - p.645-657 Titre : Investigating the factors underlying adaptive functioning in autism in the EU-AIMS Longitudinal European Autism Project Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : J. TILLMANN, Auteur ; Antonia SAN JOSE CACERES, Auteur ; Christopher H. CHATHAM, Auteur ; D. CRAWLEY, Auteur ; R. HOLT, Auteur ; B. OAKLEY, Auteur ; Tobias BANASCHEWSKI, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Sven BÖLTE, Auteur ; Jan K. BUITELAAR, Auteur ; S. DURSTON, Auteur ; L. HAM, Auteur ; E. LOTH, Auteur ; E. SIMONOFF, Auteur ; W. SPOOREN, Auteur ; D. G. MURPHY, Auteur ; Tony CHARMAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.645-657 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adaptive functioning  autism spectrum disorder  intellectual functioning  psychiatric symptoms  symptom severity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit significant impairments in adaptive functioning that impact on their ability to meet the demands of everyday life. A recurrent finding is that there is a pronounced discrepancy between level of cognitive ability and adaptive functioning, and this is particularly prominent among higher-ability individuals. However, the key clinical and demographic associations of these discrepancies remain unclear. This study included a sample of 417 children, adolescents, and adults with ASD as part of the EU-AIMS LEAP cohort. We examined how age, sex, IQ, levels of ASD symptom and autistic trait severity and psychiatric symptomatology are associated with adaptive functioning as measured by the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales-Second Edition and IQ-adaptive functioning discrepancies. Older age, lower IQ and higher social-communication symptoms were associated with lower adaptive functioning. Results also demonstrate that older age, higher IQ and higher social-communication symptoms are associated with greater IQ-adaptive functioning discrepancy scores. By contrast, sensory ASD symptoms, repetitive and restricted behaviors, as well as symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety and depression, were not associated with adaptive functioning or IQ-adaptive functioning discrepancy scores. These findings suggest that it is the core social communication problems that define ASD that contribute to adaptive function impairments that people with ASD experience. They show for the first time that sensory symptoms, repetitive behavior and associated psychiatric symptoms do not independently contribute to adaptive function impairments. Individuals with ASD require supportive interventions across the lifespan that take account of social-communicative ASD symptom severity. Autism Res 2019, 12: 645-657. (c) 2019 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: This study investigated key clinical and demographic associations of adaptive functioning impairments in individuals with autism. We found that older age, lower IQ and more severe social-communicative symptoms, but not sensory or repetitive symptoms or co-occurring psychiatric symptoms, are associated with lower adaptive functioning and greater ability-adaptive function discrepancies. This suggests that interventions targeting adaptive skills acquisition should be flexible in their timing and intensity across developmental periods, levels of cognitive ability and take account of social-communicative ASD symptom severity. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2081 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=389 [article] Investigating the factors underlying adaptive functioning in autism in the EU-AIMS Longitudinal European Autism Project [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / J. TILLMANN, Auteur ; Antonia SAN JOSE CACERES, Auteur ; Christopher H. CHATHAM, Auteur ; D. CRAWLEY, Auteur ; R. HOLT, Auteur ; B. OAKLEY, Auteur ; Tobias BANASCHEWSKI, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Sven BÖLTE, Auteur ; Jan K. BUITELAAR, Auteur ; S. DURSTON, Auteur ; L. HAM, Auteur ; E. LOTH, Auteur ; E. SIMONOFF, Auteur ; W. SPOOREN, Auteur ; D. G. MURPHY, Auteur ; Tony CHARMAN, Auteur . - p.645-657. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-4 (April 2019) . - p.645-657 Mots-clés : adaptive functioning  autism spectrum disorder  intellectual functioning  psychiatric symptoms  symptom severity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit significant impairments in adaptive functioning that impact on their ability to meet the demands of everyday life. A recurrent finding is that there is a pronounced discrepancy between level of cognitive ability and adaptive functioning, and this is particularly prominent among higher-ability individuals. However, the key clinical and demographic associations of these discrepancies remain unclear. This study included a sample of 417 children, adolescents, and adults with ASD as part of the EU-AIMS LEAP cohort. We examined how age, sex, IQ, levels of ASD symptom and autistic trait severity and psychiatric symptomatology are associated with adaptive functioning as measured by the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales-Second Edition and IQ-adaptive functioning discrepancies. Older age, lower IQ and higher social-communication symptoms were associated with lower adaptive functioning. Results also demonstrate that older age, higher IQ and higher social-communication symptoms are associated with greater IQ-adaptive functioning discrepancy scores. By contrast, sensory ASD symptoms, repetitive and restricted behaviors, as well as symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety and depression, were not associated with adaptive functioning or IQ-adaptive functioning discrepancy scores. These findings suggest that it is the core social communication problems that define ASD that contribute to adaptive function impairments that people with ASD experience. They show for the first time that sensory symptoms, repetitive behavior and associated psychiatric symptoms do not independently contribute to adaptive function impairments. Individuals with ASD require supportive interventions across the lifespan that take account of social-communicative ASD symptom severity. Autism Res 2019, 12: 645-657. (c) 2019 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: This study investigated key clinical and demographic associations of adaptive functioning impairments in individuals with autism. We found that older age, lower IQ and more severe social-communicative symptoms, but not sensory or repetitive symptoms or co-occurring psychiatric symptoms, are associated with lower adaptive functioning and greater ability-adaptive function discrepancies. This suggests that interventions targeting adaptive skills acquisition should be flexible in their timing and intensity across developmental periods, levels of cognitive ability and take account of social-communicative ASD symptom severity. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2081 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=389

Preference for biological motion is reduced in ASD: implications for clinical trials and the search for biomarkers / L. MASON in Molecular Autism, 12 (2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 12 (2021) . - 74 p. Titre : Preference for biological motion is reduced in ASD: implications for clinical trials and the search for biomarkers Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : L. MASON, Auteur ; F. SHIC, Auteur ; T. FALCK-YTTER, Auteur ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI, Auteur ; Tony CHARMAN, Auteur ; E. LOTH, Auteur ; J. TILLMANN, Auteur ; Tobias BANASCHEWSKI, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Sven BÖLTE, Auteur ; Jan K. BUITELAAR, Auteur ; S. DURSTON, Auteur ; B. ORANJE, Auteur ; A. M. PERSICO, Auteur ; C. BECKMANN, Auteur ; T. BOUGERON, Auteur ; F. DELL'ACQUA, Auteur ; C. ECKER, Auteur ; C. MOESSNANG, Auteur ; D. MURPHY, Auteur ; M. H. JOHNSON, Auteur ; E. J. H. JONES, Auteur Article en page(s) : 74 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Biological motion  Biomarker  Development  Eye tracking  in the last 3 years acted as an author, consultant or lecturer for Medice and Roche.  He receives royalties for text books and diagnostic tools from Hogrefe, Kohlhammer  and UTB. JB has been in the past 3 years a consultant to/member of advisory board  of/and/or speaker for Takeda/Shire, Roche, Medice, Angelini, Janssen and Servier. He  is not an employee of any of these companies and not a stock shareholder of any of  these companies. He has no other financial or material support, including expert  testimony, patents, royalties. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: The neurocognitive mechanisms underlying autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remain unclear. Progress has been largely hampered by small sample sizes, variable age ranges and resulting inconsistent findings. There is a pressing need for large definitive studies to delineate the nature and extent of key case/control differences to direct research towards fruitful areas for future investigation. Here we focus on perception of biological motion, a promising index of social brain function which may be altered in ASD. In a large sample ranging from childhood to adulthood, we assess whether biological motion preference differs in ASD compared to neurotypical participants (NT), how differences are modulated by age and sex and whether they are associated with dimensional variation in concurrent or later symptomatology. METHODS: Eye-tracking data were collected from 486 6-to-30-year-old autistic (N?=?282) and non-autistic control (N?=?204) participants whilst they viewed 28 trials pairing biological (BM) and control (non-biological, CTRL) motion. Preference for the biological motion stimulus was calculated as (1) proportion looking time difference (BM-CTRL) and (2) peak look duration difference (BM-CTRL). RESULTS: The ASD group showed a present but weaker preference for biological motion than the NT group. The nature of the control stimulus modulated preference for biological motion in both groups. Biological motion preference did not vary with age, gender, or concurrent or prospective social communicative skill within the ASD group, although a lack of clear preference for either stimulus was associated with higher social-communicative symptoms at baseline. LIMITATIONS: The paired visual preference we used may underestimate preference for a stimulus in younger and lower IQ individuals. Our ASD group had a lower average IQ by approximately seven points. 18% of our sample was not analysed for various technical and behavioural reasons. CONCLUSIONS: Biological motion preference elicits small-to-medium-sized case-control effects, but individual differences do not strongly relate to core social autism associated symptomatology. We interpret this as an autistic difference (as opposed to a deficit) likely manifest in social brain regions. The extent to which this is an innate difference present from birth and central to the autistic phenotype, or the consequence of a life lived with ASD, is unclear. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-021-00476-0 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=459 [article] Preference for biological motion is reduced in ASD: implications for clinical trials and the search for biomarkers [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / L. MASON, Auteur ; F. SHIC, Auteur ; T. FALCK-YTTER, Auteur ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI, Auteur ; Tony CHARMAN, Auteur ; E. LOTH, Auteur ; J. TILLMANN, Auteur ; Tobias BANASCHEWSKI, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Sven BÖLTE, Auteur ; Jan K. BUITELAAR, Auteur ; S. DURSTON, Auteur ; B. ORANJE, Auteur ; A. M. PERSICO, Auteur ; C. BECKMANN, Auteur ; T. BOUGERON, Auteur ; F. DELL'ACQUA, Auteur ; C. ECKER, Auteur ; C. MOESSNANG, Auteur ; D. MURPHY, Auteur ; M. H. JOHNSON, Auteur ; E. J. H. JONES, Auteur . - 74 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 12 (2021) . - 74 p. Mots-clés : Autism  Biological motion  Biomarker  Development  Eye tracking  in the last 3 years acted as an author, consultant or lecturer for Medice and Roche.  He receives royalties for text books and diagnostic tools from Hogrefe, Kohlhammer  and UTB. JB has been in the past 3 years a consultant to/member of advisory board  of/and/or speaker for Takeda/Shire, Roche, Medice, Angelini, Janssen and Servier. He  is not an employee of any of these companies and not a stock shareholder of any of  these companies. He has no other financial or material support, including expert  testimony, patents, royalties. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: The neurocognitive mechanisms underlying autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remain unclear. Progress has been largely hampered by small sample sizes, variable age ranges and resulting inconsistent findings. There is a pressing need for large definitive studies to delineate the nature and extent of key case/control differences to direct research towards fruitful areas for future investigation. Here we focus on perception of biological motion, a promising index of social brain function which may be altered in ASD. In a large sample ranging from childhood to adulthood, we assess whether biological motion preference differs in ASD compared to neurotypical participants (NT), how differences are modulated by age and sex and whether they are associated with dimensional variation in concurrent or later symptomatology. METHODS: Eye-tracking data were collected from 486 6-to-30-year-old autistic (N?=?282) and non-autistic control (N?=?204) participants whilst they viewed 28 trials pairing biological (BM) and control (non-biological, CTRL) motion. Preference for the biological motion stimulus was calculated as (1) proportion looking time difference (BM-CTRL) and (2) peak look duration difference (BM-CTRL). RESULTS: The ASD group showed a present but weaker preference for biological motion than the NT group. The nature of the control stimulus modulated preference for biological motion in both groups. Biological motion preference did not vary with age, gender, or concurrent or prospective social communicative skill within the ASD group, although a lack of clear preference for either stimulus was associated with higher social-communicative symptoms at baseline. LIMITATIONS: The paired visual preference we used may underestimate preference for a stimulus in younger and lower IQ individuals. Our ASD group had a lower average IQ by approximately seven points. 18% of our sample was not analysed for various technical and behavioural reasons. CONCLUSIONS: Biological motion preference elicits small-to-medium-sized case-control effects, but individual differences do not strongly relate to core social autism associated symptomatology. We interpret this as an autistic difference (as opposed to a deficit) likely manifest in social brain regions. The extent to which this is an innate difference present from birth and central to the autistic phenotype, or the consequence of a life lived with ASD, is unclear. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-021-00476-0 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=459

The EU-AIMS Longitudinal European Autism Project (LEAP): clinical characterisation / Tony CHARMAN in Molecular Autism, 8 (2017)  

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The EU-AIMS Longitudinal European Autism Project (LEAP): design and methodologies to identify and validate stratification biomarkers for autism spectrum disorders / E. LOTH in Molecular Autism, 8 (2017)  

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The Monash Autism-ADHD genetics and neurodevelopment (MAGNET) project design and methodologies: a dimensional approach to understanding neurobiological and genetic aetiology / R. KNOTT in Molecular Autism, 12 (2021)  

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Towards robust and replicable sex differences in the intrinsic brain function of autism / D. L. FLORIS in Molecular Autism, 12 (2021)  

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